一.制作LTOS具体过程
光盘结构介绍
* isolinux 目录存放光盘启动时的安装界面信息
*images 目录包括了必要的启动映像文件
*CentOS 目录存放安装软件包及信息
*.discinfo 文件是安装价质的识别信息
*lemp.tar.gz 文件存放系统初始化及其相关程序安装脚本.
》》环境说明:CentOS
5.3-i386 Vmware Workstation上完成制作工作.
1.安装制作发行版所需的基本软件包
# yum -y install anaconda-runtime createrepo yum-utils anacondaanaconda-help busybox-anaconda mkisofs
2.制作ltos源文件夹
# mkdir /ltos
# mkdir /mnt/cdrom
# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/ 挂载光盘镜像
或者挂载ISO文件到/mnt/cdrom
# mount -t iso9660 -o loop centos.xxx.iso/mnt/cdrom
将CentOS的ISO文件挂载到/mnt/cdrom目录
# cd /mnt/cdrom
# tar -cf - . | ( cd /ltos ; tar -xvpf - )
//将/mnt/cdrom里的文件利用tar全部拷贝到/ltsos这个目录下.
#cd /ltos
//进入此目录删除一些无关的文件,仍后进入后面的工作.
[root@server ltos]# ls -al
total 88
8 16:06 CentOS
8 16:43 .discinfo
4096 Mar 21 23:04 images
4096 Apr 12 00:00 isolinux
1root root 14371 Apr 11 23:16 lemp.tar.gz//这个软件包是我们后面要建立的,读者可以分析一下后面的ks.cfg脚本就可以明白他的用途.
4096 Apr 11 21:00 repodata
7048 Mar 21 23:05 TRANS.TBL
3.定制package.list软件包清单
如安装一个CentOS5.3的系统,根据自己的需求选择软件包;如果想你的系统很小,建议选择最少的包。安装完成以后,在系统里会产生日志。日文文件存放在/root/install.log。
# cat install.log | grepInstalling | sed 's/Installing
//g'|sed 's/^[0-9]+://g' > packages.list
#mkdir /ltos/CentOS
建立存放rpm包的目录.
创建自动提取相关rpm脚本:这里可以下载:http://download.csdn.net/detail/kl222/5862285
#vi cprpms.sh
#!/bin/bash
DEBUG=0
LT_CD=/mnt/cdrom
ALL_RPMS_DIR=/mnt/cdrom/CentOS
#挂载光盘存放的目录
LT_RPMS_DIR=/ltos/CentOS
#存放RPM包的目录
packages_list=/root/packages.list
number_of_packages=`cat $packages_list | wc -l`
i=1
while [ $i -le $number_of_packages ] ; do
line=`head -n $i $packages_list | tail -n -1`
name=`echo $line | awk '{print $1}'`
version=`echo $line | awk '{print $3}' | cut -f 2 -d :`
if [ $DEBUG -eq "1" ] ; then
echo $i: $line
echo $name
echo $version
fi
if [ $DEBUG -eq "1" ] ; then
ls $ALL_RPMS_DIR/$name-$version*
if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
echo "cp $ALL_RPMS_DIR/$name-$version* "
fi
else
echo "cp $ALL_RPMS_DIR/$name-$version*$LT_RPMS_DIR/"
cp $ALL_RPMS_DIR/$name-$version* $LT_RPMS_DIR/
# in case the copy failed
if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
echo "cp $ALL_RPMS_DIR/$name-$version* "
cp $ALL_RPMS_DIR/$name* $LT_RPMS_DIR/
fi
fi
i=`expr $i + 1`
done
执行以上脚本将定制ltos必要的rpm复制到/ltos/CentOS目录
返回到/ltos目录下,执行createrepo程序生成repodata下的comps.xml文件
#cd /ltos
#cd repodata
#rm -fr *
#cp /mnt/cdrom/repodata/0dae8d32824acd9dbdf7ed72f628152dd00b85e4bd802e6b46e4d7b78c1042a3-comps.xml comps.xml
#cd ..
#createrepo -g repodata/comps.xml .
comps.xml在6.3以上的版本为:0dae8d32824acd9dbdf7ed72f628152dd00b85e4bd802e6b46e4d7b78c1042a3-comps.xml,所以需要从光盘上复制过来,并改名为comps.xml
4.配置kickstart脚本
通过CentOS5.3定制安装系统以后,会在系统里站生一个kickstart安装脚本(/root/anaconda-ks.cfg)
# cp anaconda-ks.cfg /ltos/isolinux/ks.cfg
# vi/ltos/isolinux/ks.cfg 并修改脚本如下:
# Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda.
# Install CentOS instead of Upgrade
install
text
#install from cd-rom
cdrom
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
# Skip the X Configuration
skipx
network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp--hostname ltos.linuxtone.org
rootpw --iscrypted$1$jPZf0P0r$JRe7pd.5wq9k.VZEMOgdq/
# Setup the firewall with SSH, HTTP/S, Syslog, Webmin,and Netflow enabled
firewall --enabled --port=22:tcp --port=69:udp--port=80:tcp --port=443:tcp
authconfig --enableshadow --enablemd5
# Disable SELinux
selinux --disabled
timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
# Clear the Bootloader and load it to the Master BootRecord
bootloader --location=mbr
zerombr yes
# Set the Mouse
mouse generic3ps/2
# The following is the partition information yourequested
# Note that any partitions you deleted are notexpressed
# here so unless you clear all partitions first, thisis
# not guaranteed to work
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype ext3 --size=100 --asprimary
part / --fstype ext3 --size=25000
part swap --size=4096
part /data --fstype ext3 --size=1 --grow
#--- Reboot the host after installation is done
reboot
%packages
@development-libs
@editors
@system-tools
@text-internet
@legacy-network-server
@dialup
@core
@base
@mail-server
@development-tools
audit
net-snmp-utils
sysstat
iptraf
dstat
tftp
lynx
device-mapper-multipath
imake
-zsh
-vnc
-zisofs-tools
-xdelta
-openldap-clients
-samba-client
-fetchmail
-dovecot
-spamassassin
#
#
------- BeginLEMP Install ---------
#
%post --nochroot
# Mount CDROM
mkdir -p /mnt/cdrom
mount -r -t iso9660 /tmp/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
# Copy our tar file and extract it
cp /mnt/cdrom/lemp.tar.gz /mnt/sysimage/tmp/lemp.tar.gz> /dev/null
cd /mnt/sysimage/tmp/
tar -zxvf lemp.tar.gz > /dev/null
# Move the contents of the tar into their new locations
cp -R /mnt/sysimage/tmp/boot/* /mnt/sysimage/boot/ >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
cp -R /mnt/sysimage/tmp/etc/* /mnt/sysimage/etc/ >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
# Unmount CDROM
umount /mnt/cdrom
%post
#vim syntax on
sed -i "8 s/^/alias vi='vim'/" /root/.bashrc2>/dev/null
echo 'syntax on' > /root/.vimrc 2>/dev/null
# Disable IPv6 until Cacti at least supports it
echo "alias net-pf-10 off" >>/etc/modprobe.conf
echo "alias ipv6 off" >> /etc/modprobe.conf
/sbin/chkconfig --level 35 ip6tables off
#init_ssh
ssh_cf="/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
sed -i -e '74 s/^/#/' -i -e '76 s/^/#/' $ssh_cf
sed -i "s/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/" $ssh_cf
#client
sed -i -e '44 s/^/#/' -i -e '48 s/^/#/' $ssh_cf
# Remove the ISO File translation files
find / -name TRANS.TBL -exec rm {} ; /dev/null2>/dev/null
# Remove some unneeded services
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cat << EOF
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|
===Welcome to Tunoff services ===
|
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
EOF
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
for i in `ls /etc/rc3.d/S*`
do
CURSRV=`echo $i|cut -c 15-`
echo $CURSRV
case $CURSRV in
crond |irqbalance | microcode_ctl | network | random | sendmail | sshd | syslog |local | mysqld
)
echo"Base services, Skip!"
;;
*)
echo "change $CURSRV to off"
chkconfig --level 235 $CURSRV off
service$CURSRV stop
;;
esac
done
#
file descriptors
ulimit -HSn 65535
echo -ne "
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536
" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
.
二.个性化定制你的系统(问答形式)
1.如何定制安装开机画面:
启动画面用的是一种比较奇怪的格式lss16,它限制图片使用16种颜色,除去前景和背景色只能有14种颜色。我们需要ppmtolss16giftopnm等程序,系统一般默认都安装了。
一般用gimp生成一个index模式的gif图形,颜色限制为14, 然后通过如下的办法进行转:
安装yum
-y install syslinux
giftopnm< splash.gif | ppmtolss16 > splash.lss
另外你还需要修改isolinux/boot.msg文件,做一些个性化的提示.
?如何生成高质量的图。
先用photoshop打开任何一张图片,然后在文件的下拉菜单里,保存的时候选择“保存为WEB和设备使用格式“,再然后选择gif再选择16色保存就OK.
仍后利用giftopnm
< splash.gif | ppmtolss16 >splash.lss 转换即可.
2.如何生成GRUP的xpm文件?
(1) 将备一张640
x 480 16色图片,档案类型为JPG的格式
(2)convert grub.gif-colors 14 -geometry 640x480! splash.xpm && gzip -9 splash.xpm
(3) 直接替换/boot/grup/splash.xpm.gz