| 结构定义 |
| CREATE TABLE |
创建新表。
语法：
| sql-command ::= |
CREATE
[TEMP | TEMPORARY] TABLE
table-name (
column-def
[, column-def]*
[,
constraint]*
) |
| sql-command ::= |
CREATE
[TEMP | TEMPORARY] TABLE
[database-name.]
table-name AS
select-statement |
| column-def ::= |
name
[type] [[CONSTRAINT
name]
column-constraint]* |
| type ::= |
typename
|
typename (
number )
|
typename (
number ,
number ) |
| column-constraint ::= |
NOT NULL
[ conflict-clause
] |
PRIMARY KEY [sort-order]
[ conflict-clause
] |
UNIQUE [
conflict-clause
] |
CHECK ( expr )
[ conflict-clause
] |
DEFAULT value
|
COLLATE collation-name |
| constraint ::= |
PRIMARY KEY (
column-list )
[ conflict-clause
] |
UNIQUE ( column-list )
[ conflict-clause
] |
CHECK ( expr )
[ conflict-clause
] |
| conflict-clause ::= |
ON CONFLICT
conflict-algorithm |
|
| CREATE VIEW |
创建一个视图（虚拟表），该表以另一种方式表示一个或多个表中的数据。
语法：
| sql-command ::= |
CREATE
[TEMP | TEMPORARY] VIEW
[database-name.]
view-name AS
select-statement |
例子：
CREATE VIEW master_view
AS
SELECT * FROM sqlite_master
WHERE type='view';
说明：
创建一个名为master_view的视图，其中包括sqlite_master这个表中的所有视图表。 |
| CREATE TRIGGER |
创建触发器，触发器是一种特殊的存储过程，在用户试图对指定的表执行指定的数据修改语句时自动执行。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
CREATE
[TEMP | TEMPORARY] TRIGGER
trigger-name
[ BEFORE | AFTER
]
database-event ON
[database-name .]
table-name
trigger-action |
| sql-statement ::= |
CREATE
[TEMP | TEMPORARY] TRIGGER
trigger-name INSTEAD OF
database-event ON
[database-name .]
view-name
trigger-action |
| database-event ::= |
DELETE
|
INSERT |
UPDATE |
UPDATE OF column-list |
| trigger-action ::= |
[ FOR EACH ROW
| FOR EACH STATEMENT ]
[ WHEN expression
]
BEGIN
trigger-step ;
[ trigger-step ;
]*
END |
| trigger-step ::= |
update-statement
| insert-statement
|
delete-statement
| select-statement |
例子：
CREATE TRIGGER update_customer_address UPDATE OF address ON customers
BEGIN
UPDATE orders SET address = new.address WHERE customer_name = old.name;
END;
说明：
创建了一个名为update_customer_address的触发器，当用户更新customers表中的address字段时，将触发并更新orders表中的address字段为新的值。
比如执行如下一条语句：
UPDATE customers SET address = '1 Main St.' WHERE name = 'Jack Jones';
数据库将自动执行如下语句：
UPDATE orders SET address = '1 Main St.' WHERE customer_name = 'Jack Jones';
|
| CREATE INDEX |
为给定表或视图创建索引。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
CREATE
[UNIQUE] INDEX
index-name
ON [database-name .]
table-name (
column-name
[, column-name]* )
[ ON CONFLICT conflict-algorithm
] |
| column-name ::= |
name
[ COLLATE collation-name]
[ ASC | DESC
] |
例子：
CREATE INDEX idx_email
ON customers (email);
说明：
为customers表中的email创建一个名为idx_email的字段。
|
| 结构删除 |
| DROP TABLE |
删除表定义及该表的所有索引。
语法：
| sql-command ::= |
DROP TABLE
[database-name.]
table-name |
例子：
DROP TABLE customers; |
| DROP VIEW |
删除一个视图。
语法：
| sql-command ::= |
DROP VIEW
view-name |
例子：
DROP VIEW master_view;
|
| DROP TRIGGER |
删除一个触发器。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
DROP TRIGGER
[database-name .]
trigger-name |
例子：
DROP TRIGGER update_customer_address;
|
| DROP INDEX |
删除一个索引。
语法：
| sql-command ::= |
DROP INDEX
[database-name .]
index-name |
例子：
DROP INDEX idx_email;
|
| 数据操作 |
| INSERT |
将新行插入到表。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
INSERT
[OR conflict-algorithm] INTO
[database-name .]
table-name
[(column-list)] VALUES(value-list)
|
INSERT [OR
conflict-algorithm] INTO
[database-name .]
table-name
[(column-list)]
select-statement |
|
| UPDATE |
更新表中的现有数据。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
UPDATE
[ OR conflict-algorithm
] [database-name .]
table-name
SET assignment
[, assignment]*
[WHERE
expr] |
| assignment ::= |
column-name =
expr |
|
| DELETE |
从表中删除行。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
DELETE FROM
[database-name .]
table-name
[WHERE expr] |
|
| SELECT |
从表中检索数据。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
SELECT
[ALL | DISTINCT]
result [FROM
table-list]
[WHERE
expr]
[GROUP BY
expr-list]
[HAVING
expr]
[compound-op
select]*
[ORDER BY
sort-expr-list]
[LIMIT
integer
[( OFFSET | ,
) integer]] |
| result ::= |
result-column
[, result-column]* |
| result-column ::= |
* |
table-name . *
| expr
[ [AS]
string ] |
| table-list ::= |
table
[join-op table
join-args]* |
| table ::= |
table-name
[AS alias]
|
( select )
[AS alias] |
| join-op ::= |
, |
[NATURAL]
[LEFT | RIGHT
| FULL]
[OUTER | INNER
| CROSS] JOIN |
| join-args ::= |
[ON expr]
[USING ( id-list )] |
| sort-expr-list ::= |
expr
[sort-order]
[, expr
[sort-order]]* |
| sort-order ::= |
[ COLLATE
collation-name
] [ ASC | DESC
] |
| compound_op ::= |
UNION
| UNION ALL | INTERSECT
| EXCEPT |
|
| REPLACE |
类似INSERT
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
REPLACE INTO
[database-name .]
table-name
[( column-list )] VALUES (
value-list )
|
REPLACE INTO [database-name .]
table-name
[( column-list )]
select-statement |
|
| 事务处理 |
| BEGIN TRANSACTION |
标记一个事务的起始点。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
BEGIN
[TRANSACTION [name]] |
|
| END TRANSACTION |
标记一个事务的终止。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
END [TRANSACTION
[name]] |
|
| COMMIT TRANSACTION |
标志一个事务的结束。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
COMMIT
[TRANSACTION [name]] |
|
| ROLLBACK TRANSACTION |
将事务回滚到事务的起点。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
ROLLBACK
[TRANSACTION [name]] |
|
| 其他操作 |
| COPY |
主要用于导入大量的数据。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
COPY
[ OR conflict-algorithm
] [database-name .]
table-name FROM
filename
[ USING DELIMITERS
delim
] |
例子：
COPY customers FROM customers.csv; |
| EXPLAIN |
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
EXPLAIN
sql-statement |
|
| PRAGMA |
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
PRAGMA
name [=
value]
|
PRAGMA function(arg) |
|
| VACUUM |
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
VACUUM
[index-or-table-name] |
|
| ATTACH DATABASE |
附加一个数据库到当前的数据库连接。
语法：
| sql-statement ::= |
ATTACH
[DATABASE]
database-filename AS
database-name |
|
| DETTACH DATABASE |
从当前的数据库分离一个使用ATTACH DATABASE附加的数据库。
语法：
| sql-command ::= |
DETACH
[DATABASE]
database-name |
|