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【学习笔记】《Linux命令行和shell脚本编程宝典》——Richard Blum

2012年09月10日 ⁄ 综合 ⁄ 共 4623字 ⁄ 字号 评论关闭

第一个脚本文件

#!/bin/bash
echo "This is my first bash code!"
exit 0

重定向符号和数学计算

#!/bin/bash
echo -n "The time and date are: "
date

value1=100  #等号前后不允许出现空格
value2=$value1
echo -n "value1="
echo $value1
echo -n "value2="
echo $value2

ls -l | sort > out.txt   #管道符号(|)和重定向输出符号>
ls -l >> out.txt   #重定向追加输出符号>>

echo -n  "wc<out.txt:"
wc < out.txt  #重定向输入符号<

echo "sort<<EOF ... EOF"
sort << EOF  #内置输入重定向<<
`date`
EOF

#数学计算
echo -n "expr进行计算:1+5="
expr 1+5

echo -n "使用方括号进行计算:1+5="
echo $[1+5]

echo "使用bc计算器进行浮点运算"
var1=100
var2=200
var3=`echo "scale=4;$var1/$var2" | bc`
echo "$var1 / $var2 = $var3"

var4=71
var5=`bc<<EOF
scale=4
a1=($var1*$var2)
b1=($var3*$var4)
a1+b1
EOF`
echo "var5=$var5"



exit 0

使用test命令

#!/bin/bash
#使用test命令
var1=10
var2=100
if [ $var1 -gt $var2 ]
then
    echo "var1 grate var2"
else
    echo "var2 grate var1"
fi
#只能比较整数

test_user=hanxi
if [ $USER = $test_user ]
then
    echo "Welcome $test_user"
fi

str1=Hanxi
str2=hanxi
if [ $str1 \> $str2 ]
then
    echo "$str1 > $str2"
else
    echo "$str1 < $str2"
fi

if [ -n $str1 ]
then
    echo "The string '$str1' is not empty"
else
    echo "the string '$str1' is empty"
fi

#检查文件目录
if [ -d $HOME ]
then
    echo "your Home dir exists"
    cd $HOME
    ls -a
else
    echo "there's a problem with your HOME dir"
fi

pwfile=/etc/shadow
if [ -f $pwfile ]
then
    if [ -r $pwfile ]
    then
        tail $pwfile
    else
        echo "Sorry, I'm unable to reas the $pwfile file "
    fi
else
    echo "Sorry, the file $pwfile doesn't exist"
fi

if [[ $USER == h* ]]
then
    echo "Hello $USER"
else
    echo "Sorry, I don't know you"
fi

循环语句

#!/bin/bash


for file in /home/hanxi/*
do
    if [ -d "$file" ]
    then
        echo "$file is a directory"
    elif [ -f "$file" ]
    then
        echo "$file is a file"
    fi
done

var1=10
while [ $var1 -gt 0 ]
do
    echo $var1
    var1=$[ $var1 - 1 ]
done

var1=100
until [ $var1 -eq 0 ]
do
    echo $var1
    var1=$[ $var1 - 25 ]
done

#文件数据的循环
IFSOLD=$IFS
IFS=$'\n'
for entry in `cat /etc/passwd`
do
    echo "Values in $entry -"
    IFS=:
    for value in $entry
    do
        echo " $value"
    done
done | more

for file in /home/hanxi/*
do
    if [ -d "$file" ]
    then
        echo "$file is directory"
    elif
        echo "$file is a file"
    fi
done > output.txt

读取参数

#!/bin/bash

name=`basename $0`
echo the commane entered is : $name

c_args=$#
echo count args:$c_args

#取最后一个参数
echo the last parameter is ${!#}

echo all parameter: $*
echo all parameter: $@
count=1
for param in "$@"
do
    echo "\$@ parameter #$count = $param"
    count=$[ $count + 1 ]
done

#getopts
while getopts :ab:c opt
do
    case "$opt" in
    a) echo "Found the -a option";;
    b) echo "Found the -b option, with value $OPTARG";;
    c) echo "Found the -c option";;
    *) echo "Unknown option : $opt";;
    esac
done
shift $[ $OPTIND - 1 ]

count=1
for param in "$@"
do
    echo "Parameter $count: $param"
    count=$[ $count + 1 ]
done

read -p "Please enter your age:" age
echo age:$age

if read -t 5 -p "Please enter your name: " name
then
    echo "Hellp $name,welcome to my script"
else
    echo
    echo "sorry ,too slow!"
fi

read -n1 -p "Do you want to continue [Y/N]?" answer
case $answer in
Y | y) echo
       echo " fine, continue on...";;
N | n) echo
       echo OK,Good bye
       exit;;
esac

echo "This is the end of the script"

read -s -p "Enter your password: " pass
echo
echo "Is your password really $pass?"

#读取文件
count=1
cat for.txt | while read line
do
    echo "Line $count: $line"
    count=$[ $count+1 ]
done
echo "Finished processing the file"

重定向文件描述符

#!/bin/bash
#永久重定向
exec 9>&2
exec 2>testerror
echo "this will in testerror">&2
exec 2<&9

exec 9<&0
exec 0<testin
count=1
while read line
do
    echo "Line #$count:$line"
    count=$[ $count + 1 ]
done
exec 0<&9

#重定向文件描述符
exec 3>&1
exec 1>testout

echo "this should store in the output file"
echo "along with this line."

exec 1>&3
echo "Now things should be back to nomarl"

exec 4<&0
exec 0<testin
count=1
while read line
do
    echo "Line #$count:$line"
    count=$[ $count + 1 ]
done
exec 0<&4
read -p "Are you done now?" answer
case $answer in
Y|y) echo "Goodbye";;
N|n) echo "continue...";
esac

#创建读写文件描述符
exec 8<> testfile
read line <&8
echo "Read:$line"
echo "This is a test line" >&8

#关闭文件描述符
exec 8>&-
#列出文件描述服
#`/usr/sbin/lsof -a -p $$`|more

#禁止命令输出
#2 > /dev/null

#创建本地临时文件
tempfile=`mktemp test.XXXXXX`
exec 4>$tempfile
echo "This is the first line">&3
exec 4>&-


#在/temp中创建临时文件
tmpfile=`mktemp -t tmp.XXXXXX`
echo "The temp file is located at:$tempfile"
cat $tempfile
rm -f $tempfile
#创建临时文件夹
tmpdir=`mktemp -d dir.XXXXXX`
cd $tmpdir
tempfile1=`mktemp temp.XXXXXX`
ls -l
cd ..

#记录消息
a=`date | tee testfile;\
cat testfile;\
date | tee -a testfile;\
cat testfile`

信号处理

#!/bin/bash
#信号处理

trap "echo 'get a sign'" SIGINT SIGTERM
trap "echo byebye" EXIT
echo "This is a test program"
count=1
while [ $count -le 10 ]
do
    echo "Loop #$count"
    sleep 10
    count=$[ $count+1 ]
done
echo "This is the end of the test program"


trap - EXIT#移除捕获

#后台牧师运行
#./test6.sh &
#不使用终端的情况下运行脚本
#nohup ./test6.sh &
#查看作业
#jobs
#重新启动作业
#bg 2(作业序号)//后台
#fg 2//前台

#优先级
#nice -n 10 ./test6.sh
#renice 10 -p 25904(进程号)

#预计时间运行at命令
#at -f test6.sh 20:00
#batch命令,系统平均负载低于0.8时运行,可以设定时间,比at命令更好
#corn表格可以设定循环运行,格式:
#min hour dayofmonth month dayofweek command
#每个月第一天运行:
#12 16 * * 1 command
#每个月最后一天运行:
#12 16 * * * if [ `date +%d =d tommorrow` = 01 ] ; then ; command

函数的使用

#!/bin/bash
#函数

#使用返回值
function func1
{
    read -p "Enter a value: " value
    echo $[ $value * 2 ]
}

result=`func1`
echo "the new value is $result"

#传递参数
function func2
{
    echo $[ $1+$2 ]
}
result=`func2 2 2`
echo "the new result is $result"

#局部变量, 递归
function func3
{
    if [ $1 -eq 1 ]
    then
        echo 1
    else
        local temp=$[ $1-1 ]
        local result=`func3 $temp`
        echo $[ $result*$1 ]
    fi
}
read -p "Enter value:" value
result=`func3 $value`
echo "the factorial of $value is: $result"

#调用当前目录下到函数库
#. ./myfuncs

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