学步园

第一章：日志管理 1.forcing log switches 

  sql> alter system switch logfile; 

  2.forcing checkpoints 

  sql> alter system checkpoint; 

  3.adding online redo log groups 

  sql> alter database add logfile [group 4] 

  sql> ('/disk3/log4a.rdo','/disk4/log4b.rdo') size 1m; 

  4.adding online redo log members 

  sql> alter database add logfile member 

  sql> '/disk3/log1b.rdo' to group 1, 

  sql> '/disk4/log2b.rdo' to group 2; 

  5.changes the name of the online redo logfile 

  sql> alter database rename file 'c:/oracle/oradata/oradb/redo01.log' 

  sql> to 'c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log'; 

  6.drop online redo log groups 

  sql> alter database drop logfile group 3; 

  7.drop online redo log members 

  sql> alter database drop logfile member 'c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log'; 

  8.clearing online redo log files 

  sql> alter database clear [unarchived] logfile 'c:/oracle/log2a.rdo'; 

  9.using logminer analyzing redo logfiles 

  a. in the init.ora specify utl_file_dir = ' ' 

  b. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_d.build('oradb.ora','c:/oracle/oradb/log'); 

  c. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_add_logfile('c:/oracle/oradata/oradb/redo01.log', 

  sql> dbms_logmnr.new); 

  d. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('c:/oracle/oradata/oradb/redo02.log', 

  sql> dbms_logmnr.addfile); 

  e. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'c:/oracle/oradb/log/oradb.ora'); 

  f. sql> select * from v$logmnr_contents(v$logmnr_dictionary,v$logmnr_parameters 

  sql> v$logmnr_logs); 

  g. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr;  

第二章：表空间管理 1.create tablespaces 

  sql> create tablespace tablespace_name datafile 'c:/oracle/oradata/file1.dbf' size 100m, 

  sql> 'c:/oracle/oradata/file2.dbf' size 100m minimum extent 550k [logging/nologging] 

  sql> default storage (initial 500k next 500k maxextents 500 pctinccease 0) 

  sql> [online/offline] [permanent/temporary] [extent_management_clause] 

  2.locally managed tablespace 

  sql> create tablespace user_data datafile 'c:/oracle/oradata/user_data01.dbf' 

  sql> size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m; 

  3.temporary tablespace 

  sql> create temporary tablespace temp tempfile 'c:/oracle/oradata/temp01.dbf' 

  sql> size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m; 

  4.change the storage setting 

  sql> alter tablespace app_data minimum extent 2m; 

  sql> alter tablespace app_data default storage(initial 2m next 2m maxextents 999); 

  5.taking tablespace offline or online 

  sql> alter tablespace app_data offline; 

  sql> alter tablespace app_data online; 

  6.read_only tablespace 

  sql> alter tablespace app_data read only|write; 

  7.droping tablespace 

  sql> drop tablespace app_data including contents; 

  8.enableing automatic extension of data files 

  sql> alter tablespace app_data add datafile 'c:/oracle/oradata/app_data01.dbf'size 200m 

  sql> autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500m; 

  9.change the size fo data files manually 

  sql> alter database datafile 'c:/oracle/oradata/app_data.dbf'resize 200m; 

  10.Moving data files: alter tablespace 

  sql> alter tablespace app_data rename datafile 'c:/oracle/oradata/app_data.dbf' 

  sql> to 'c:/oracle/app_data.dbf'; 

  11.moving data files:alter database 

  sql> alter database rename file 'c:/oracle/oradata/app_data.dbf' 

  sql> to 'c:/oracle/app_data.dbf';  
第三章：表 1.create a table 

  sql> create table table_name (column datatype,column datatype]....) 

  sql> tablespace tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [pctused integer] 

  sql> [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer] 

  sql> storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) 

  sql> [logging|nologging] [cache|nocache] 

  2.copy an existing table 

  sql> create table table_name [logging|nologging] as subquery 

  3.create temporary table 

  sql> create global temporary table xay_temp as select * from xay; 

  on commit preserve rows/on commit delete rows 

  4.pctfree = (average row size - initial row size) *100 /average row size 

  pctused = 100-pctfree- (average row size*100/available data space) 

  5.change storage and block utilization parameter 

  sql> alter table table_name pctfree=30 pctused=50 storage(next 500k 

  sql> minextents 2 maxextents 100); 

  6.manually allocating extents 

  sql> alter table table_name allocate extent(size 500k datafile 'c:/oracle/data.dbf'); 

  7.move tablespace 

  sql> alter table employee move tablespace users; 

  8.deallocate of unused space 

  sql> alter table table_name deallocate unused [keep integer] 

  9.truncate a table 

  sql> truncate table table_name; 

  10.drop a table 

  sql> drop table table_name [cascade constraints]; 

  11.drop a column 

  sql> alter table table_name drop column comments cascade constraints checkpoint 1000; 

  alter table table_name drop columns continue; 

  12.mark a column as unused 

  sql> alter table table_name set unused column comments cascade constraints; 

  alter table table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000; 

  alter table orders drop columns continue checkpoint 1000 

  data_dictionary : dba_unused_col_tabs 
第四章：索引 1.creating function-based indexes 

  sql> create index summit.item_quantity on summit.item(quantity-quantity_shipped); 

  2.create a B-tree index 

  sql> create [unique] index index_name on table_name(column,.. asc/desc) tablespace 

  sql> tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer] 

  sql> [logging | nologging] [nosort] storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 

  sql> maxextents 50); 

  3.pctfree(index)=(maximum number of rows-initial number of rows)*100/maximum number of rows 

  4.creating reverse key indexes 

  sql> create unique index xay_id on xay(a) reverse pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k 

  sql> next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx; 

  5.create bitmap index 

  sql> create bitmap index xay_id on xay(a) pctfree 30 storage( initial 200k next 200k 

  sql> pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx; 

  6.change storage parameter of index 

  sql> alter index xay_id storage (next 400k maxextents 100); 

  7.allocating index space 

  sql> alter index xay_id allocate extent(size 200k datafile 'c:/oracle/index.dbf'); 

第七章：reorganizing data 1.using expoty 

  $exp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=c:/emp.dmp log=exp.log compress=n direct=y 

  2.using import 

  $imp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=emp.dmp log=imp.log ignore=y 

  3.transporting a tablespace 

  sql>alter tablespace sales_ts read only; 

  $exp sys/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y tablespace=sales_ts 

  triggers=n constraints=n 

  $copy datafile 

  $imp sys/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y datafiles=(/disk1/sles01.dbf,/disk2 

  /sles02.dbf) 

  sql> alter tablespace sales_ts read write; 

  4.checking transport set 

  sql> DBMS_tts.transport_set_check(ts_list =>'sales_ts' ..,incl_constraints=>true); 

  在表transport_set_violations 中查看 

  sql> dbms_tts.isselfcontained 为true 是， 表示自包含 

第八章： managing password security and resources 

  1.controlling account lock and password 

  sql> alter user juncky identified by oracle account unlock; 

  2.user_provided password function 

  sql> function_name(userid in varchar2(30),password in varchar2(30), 

  old_password in varchar2(30)) return boolean 

  3.create a profile : password setting 

  sql> create profile grace_5 limit failed_login_attempts 3 

  sql> password_lock_time unlimited password_life_time 30 

  sql>password_reuse_time 30 password_verify_function verify_function 

  sql> password_grace_time 5; 

  4.altering a profile 

  sql> alter profile default failed_login_attempts 3 

  sql> password_life_time 60 password_grace_time 10; 

  5.drop a profile 

  sql> drop profile grace_5 [cascade]; 

  6.create a profile : resource limit 

  sql> create profile developer_prof limit sessions_per_user 2 

  sql> cpu_per_session 10000 idle_time 60 connect_time 480; 

  7. view => resource_cost : alter resource cost 

  dba_Users,dba_profiles 

  8. enable resource limits 

  sql> alter system set resource_limit=true; 

第九章：Managing users 1.create a user: database authentication 

  sql> create user juncky identified by oracle default tablespace users 

  sql> temporary tablespace temp quota 10m on data password expire 

  sql> [account lock|unlock] [profile profilename|default]; 

  2.change user quota on tablespace 

  sql> alter user juncky quota 0 on users; 

  3.drop a user 

  sql> drop user juncky [cascade]; 

  4. monitor user 

  view: dba_users , dba_ts_quotas 

第十章：managing privileges 1.system privileges: view => system_privilege_map ,dba_sys_privs,session_privs 

  2.grant system privilege 

  sql> grant create session,create table to managers; 

  sql> grant create session to scott with admin option; 

  with admin option can grant or revoke privilege from any user or role; 

  3.sysdba and sysoper privileges: 

  sysoper: startup,shutdown,alter database open|mount,alter database backup controlfile, 

  alter tablespace begin/end backup,recover database 

  alter database archivelog,restricted session 

  sysdba: sysoper privileges with admin option,create database,recover database until 

  4.password file members: view:=> v$pwfile_users 

  5.O7_dictionary_accessibility =true restriction access to view or tables in other schema 

  6.revoke system privilege 

  sql> revoke create table from karen; 

  sql> revoke create session from scott; 

  7.grant object privilege 

  sql> grant execute on dbms_pipe to public; 

  sql> grant update(first_name,salary) on employee to karen with grant option; 

  8.display object privilege : view => dba_tab_privs, dba_col_privs 

  9.revoke object privilege 

  sql> revoke execute on dbms_pipe from scott [cascade constraints]; 

  10.audit record view :=> sys.aud$ 

  11. protecting the audit trail 

  sql> audit delete on sys.aud$ by access; 

  12.statement auditing 

  sql> audit user; 

  13.privilege auditing 

  sql> audit select any table by summit by access; 

  14.schema object auditing 

  sql> audit lock on summit.employee by access whenever successful; 

  15.view audit option : view=> all_def_audit_opts,dba_stmt_audit_opts,dba_priv_audit_opts,
dba_obj_audit_opts 

  16.view audit result: view=> dba_audit_trail,dba_audit_exists,dba_audit_object,
dba_audit_session,dba_audit_statement 

 

第十一章： manager role 1.create roles 

  sql> create role sales_clerk; 

  sql> create role hr_clerk identified by bonus; 

  sql> create role hr_manager identified externally; 

  2.modify role 

  sql> alter role sales_clerk identified by commission; 

  sql> alter role hr_clerk identified externally; 

  sql> alter role hr_manager not identified; 

  3.assigning roles 

  sql> grant sales_clerk to scott; 

  sql> grant hr_clerk to hr_manager; 

  sql> grant hr_manager to scott with admin option; 

  4.establish default role 

  sql> alter user scott default role hr_clerk,sales_clerk; 

  sql> alter user scott default role all; 

  sql> alter user scott default role all except hr_clerk; 

  sql> alter user scott default role none; 

  5.enable and disable roles 

  sql> set role hr_clerk; 

  sql> set role sales_clerk identified by commission; 

  sql> set role all except sales_clerk; 

  sql> set role none; 

  6.remove role from user 

  sql> revoke sales_clerk from scott; 

  sql> revoke hr_manager from public; 

  7.remove role 

  sql> drop role hr_manager; 

  8.display role information 

  view: =>dba_roles,dba_role_privs,role_role_privs,dba_sys_privs,
role_sys_privs,role_tab_privs,session_roles 

第十二章: BACKUP and RECOVERY 1. v$sga,v$instance,v$process,v$bgprocess,v$database,v$datafile,v$sgastat 

  2. Rman need set dbwr_IO_slaves or backup_tape_IO_slaves and large_pool_size 

  3. Monitoring Parallel Rollback 

  > v$fast_start_servers , v$fast_start_transactions 

  4.perform a closed database backup (noarchivelog) 

  > shutdown immediate 

  > cp files /backup/ 

  > startup 

  5.restore to a different location 

  > connect system/manager as sysdba 

  > startup mount 

  > alter database rename file '/disk1/../user.dbf'to '/disk2/../user.dbf'; 

  > alter database open; 

  6.recover syntax 

  --recover a mounted database 

  >recover database; 

  >recover datafile '/disk1/data/df2.dbf'; 

  >alter database recover database; 

  --recover an opened database 

  >recover tablespace user_data; 

  >recover datafile 2; 

  >alter database recover datafile 2; 

  7.how to apply redo log files automatically 

  >set autorecovery on 

  >recover automatic datafile 4; 

  8.complete recovery: 

  --method 1(mounted databae) 

  >copy c:/backup/user.dbf c:/oradata/user.dbf 

  >startup mount 

  >recover datafile 'c:/oradata/user.dbf; 

  >alter database open; 

  --method 2(opened database,initially opened,not system or rollback datafile)

>copy c:/backup/user.dbf c:/oradata/user.dbf (alter tablespace offline) 

  >recover datafile 'c:/oradata/user.dbf' or 

  >recover tablespace user_data; 

  >alter database datafile 'c:/oradata/user.dbf' online or 

  >alter tablespace user_data online; 

  --method 3(opened database,initially closed not system or rollback datafile) 

  >startup mount 

  >alter database datafile 'c:/oradata/user.dbf' offline; 

  >alter database open 

  >copy c:/backup/user.dbf d:/oradata/user.dbf 

  >alter database rename file 'c:/oradata/user.dbf'to 'd:/oradata/user.dbf' 

  >recover datafile 'e:/oradata/user.dbf' or recover tablespace user_data; 

  >alter tablespace user_data online; 

  --method 4(loss of data file with no backup and have all archive log) 

  >alter tablespace user_data offline immediate; 

  >alter database create datafile 'd:/oradata/user.dbf'as 'c:/oradata/user.dbf'' 

  >recover tablespace user_data; 

  >alter tablespace user_data online 

  5.perform an open database backup 

  > alter tablespace user_data begin backup; 

  > copy files /backup/ 

  > alter database datafile '/c:/../data.dbf' end backup; 

  > alter system switch logfile; 

  6.backup a control file 

  > alter database backup controlfile to 'control1.bkp'; 

  > alter database backup controlfile to trace; 

  7.recovery (noarchivelog mode) 

  > shutdown abort 

  > cp files 

  > startup 

  8.recovery of file in backup mode 

  >alter database datafile 2 end backup; 

  9.clearing redo log file 

  >alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1; 

  >alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1 unrecoverable datafile; 

  10.redo log recovery 

  >alter database add logfile group 3 'c:/oradata/redo03.log'size 1000k; 

  >alter database drop logfile group 1; 

  >alter database open; 

  or >cp c:/oradata/redo02.log' c:/oradata/redo01.log 

  >alter database clear logfile 'c:/oradata/log01.log';