本例中使用命令行形式添加services,以下是官方文档对services的描述：
Oracle Database 10g introduced an automatic workload management facility, called services. A service represents the workload of applications with common attributes, performance thresholds, and priorities. A single service
can represent an application, multiple applications or a subset of a single application. A single service can be associated with one or more instances of an Oracle RAC database, and a single instance can support multiple services. Services provide the following
benefits:
A single entity for managing applications that compete for the same resources
Allow each workload to be managed as a single unit
Hide the complexity of the cluster from the client
To manage workloads, you can define services that you assign to a particular application or to a subset of an application's operations. You can also use services to manage the workload for different types of work. For example, online users can use one service
while batch processing can use a different service and reporting can use yet another service type.
Traditionally an Oracle database provided a single service and all users connected to the same service. A database will always have this default database service that is the database name. This service cannot be modified and will always allow you to connect
to the database.
Note: Do not use the default database service for application workloads. Create at least one service as described in "Creating Services".
When a user or application connects to a database, Oracle recommends that you use a service for the connection.Oracle Database automatically creates one database service when the database is created. For many
installations, this may be all you need. For more flexibility in the management of the workload using the database, Oracle Database enables you to create multiple services and specify which database instances offer the services.
srvctl add service Syntax and Options
具体参考Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment
Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2)
[oracle@node1 ~]$ srvctl add service -h
Adds a service configuration to the Oracle Clusterware.
Usage: srvctl add service -d <db_unique_name> -s <service_name> {-r "<preferred_list>" [-a "<available_list>"] [-P {BASIC | NONE | PRECONNECT}] | -g <pool_name> [-c {UNIFORM | SINGLETON}] } [-k <net_num>] [-l [PRIMARY][,PHYSICAL_STANDBY][,LOGICAL_STANDBY][,SNAPSHOT_STANDBY]] [-y {AUTOMATIC | MANUAL}] [-q {TRUE|FALSE}] [-x {TRUE|FALSE}] [-j {SHORT|LONG}] [-B {NONE|SERVICE_TIME|THROUGHPUT}] [-e {NONE|SESSION|SELECT}] [-m {NONE|BASIC}] [-z <failover_retries>] [-w <failover_delay>] [-t <edition>] [-f]
-d <db_unique_name> Unique name for the database
-s <service> Service name
-r "<preferred_list>" Comma separated list of preferred instances
-a "<available_list>" Comma separated list of available instances
-g <pool_name> Server pool name
-c {UNIFORM | SINGLETON} Service runs on every active server in the server pool hosting this service (UNIFORM) or just one server (SINGLETON)
-k <net_num> network number (default number is 1)
-P {NONE | BASIC | PRECONNECT} TAF policy specification
-l <role> Role of the service (primary, physical_standby, logical_standby, snapshot_standby)
-y <policy> Management policy for the service (AUTOMATIC or MANUAL)
-e <Failover type> Failover type (NONE, SESSION, or SELECT)
-m <Failover method> Failover method (NONE or BASIC)
-w <integer> Failover delay
-z <integer> Failover retries
-t <edition> Edition (or "" for empty edition value)
-j <clb_goal> Connection Load Balancing Goal (SHORT or LONG). Default is LONG.
-B <Runtime Load Balancing Goal> Runtime Load Balancing Goal (SERVICE_TIME, THROUGHPUT, or NONE)
-x <Distributed Transaction Processing> Distributed Transaction Processing (TRUE or FALSE)
-q <AQ HA notifications> AQ HA notifications (TRUE or FALSE)
Usage: srvctl add service -d <db_unique_name> -s <service_name> -u {-r "<new_pref_inst>" | -a "<new_avail_inst>"} [-f]
-d <db_unique_name> Unique name for the database
-s <service> Service name
-u Add a new instance to service configuration
-r <new_pref_inst> Name of new preferred instance
-a <new_avail_inst> Name of new available instance
-f Force the add operation even though a listener is not configured for a network
-h Print usage
以下是官方的两个例子：
Use this example syntax to add the gl.example.com service to the my_rac database with AQ HA notifications enabled, a failover method of BASIC, a Connection Load Balancing Goal of LONG, a failover type of SELECT, and
180 failover retries with a delay of 5:
srvctl add service -d my_rac -s gl.example.com -q TRUE -m BASIC -e SELECT -z 180 -w 5 -j LONG
Use this example syntax to add a named service to a database with preferred instances in list one and available instances in list two, using preconnect failover for the available instances:
srvctl add service -d crm -s sales -r crm01,crm02 -a crm03 -P PRECONNECT
Add services to support the load balancing and TAF
Add a name for "ZWC" service, instance node1 as the first choice for instance node, instance node2 as standby node, TAF strategy use "PRECONNECT" preliminary connection, fault switching type
to "SELECT" enable transaction support, switch delay set to 0, use the following order:
[oracle@node1 ~]$ srvctl add service -d zhongwc -s ZWC -r 'zhongwc1' -a 'zhongwc2' -P PRECONNECT -e SELECT -x TRUE -w 0 [oracle@node1 ~]$ [oracle@node1 ~]$ [oracle@node1 ~]$ srvctl config service -d zhongwc -s ZWC -a Warning:-a option has been deprecated and will be ignored. Service name: ZWC Service is enabled Server pool: zhongwc_ZWC Cardinality: 1 Disconnect: false Service role: PRIMARY Management policy: AUTOMATIC DTP transaction: true AQ HA notifications: false Failover type: SELECT Failover method: NONE TAF failover retries: 0 TAF failover delay: 0 Connection Load Balancing Goal: LONG Runtime Load Balancing Goal: NONE TAF policy specification: PRECONNECT Edition: Preferred instances: zhongwc1 Available instances: zhongwc2 [oracle@node1 ~]$
[oracle@node1 ~]$ srvctl modify service -d zhongwc -s ZWC -z 180 -w 5 -m BASIC [oracle@node1 ~]$ srvctl modify service -d zhongwc -s ZWC -B SERVICE_TIME [oracle@node1 ~]$ srvctl modify service -d zhongwc -s ZWC -q TRUE [oracle@node1 ~]$ srvctl modify service -d zhongwc -s ZWC -j SHORT [oracle@node1 ~]$ [oracle@node1 ~]$ [oracle@node1 ~]$ srvctl config service -d zhongwc -s ZWC Service name: ZWC Service is enabled Server pool: zhongwc_ZWC Cardinality: 1 Disconnect: false Service role: PRIMARY Management policy: AUTOMATIC DTP transaction: true AQ HA notifications: true Failover type: SELECT Failover method: BASIC TAF failover retries: 180 TAF failover delay: 5 Connection Load Balancing Goal: SHORT Runtime Load Balancing Goal: SERVICE_TIME TAF policy specification: PRECONNECT Edition: Preferred instances: zhongwc1 Available instances: zhongwc2
Start "ZWC" service
[oracle@node1 ~]$ srvctl start service -d zhongwc -s ZWC
[oracle@node1 ~]$ su - grid -c "crsctl stat res -t"
Password:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.CRS.dg
ONLINE ONLINE node1
ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.DATADG.dg
ONLINE ONLINE node1
ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.FRADG.dg
ONLINE ONLINE node1
ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE node1
ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE node1 Started
ONLINE ONLINE node2 Started
ora.gsd
OFFLINE OFFLINE node1
OFFLINE OFFLINE node2
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE node1
ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE node1
ONLINE ONLINE node2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.oc4j
1 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.zhongwc.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE node1 Open
2 ONLINE ONLINE node2 Open
ora.zhongwc.zwc.svc
1 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.zhongwc.zwc_preconnect.svc
1 ONLINE ONLINE node2
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sun Jan 6 16:12:08 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> show parameter service_name NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ service_names string ZWC
[oracle@node2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sun Jan 6 16:12:33 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> show parameter service_name NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ service_names string zwc_preconnect
node1,node2 tnsnames
[oracle@node2 ~]$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
ZHONGWC =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node-cluster-scan)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = zhongwc)
)
)
ZWC = (DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node-cluster-scan)(PORT = 1521))
(LOAD_BALANCE = YES)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = ZWC)
(FAILOVER_MODE =
(BACKUP = ZWC_PRECONNECT)
(TYPE = SELECT)
(METHOD = PRECONNECT)
(RETRIES = 180)
(DELAY = 5)
)
)
)
ZWC_PRECONNECT = (DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node-cluster-scan)(PORT = 1521))
(LOAD_BALANCE = YES)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = ZWC_PRECONNECT)
(FAILOVER_MODE =
(TYPE = SELECT)
(METHOD = BASIC)
(RETRIES = 180)
(DELAY = 5)
)
)
)
parameter interpretation
test
node1
[oracle@node1 dbhome_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Mon Jan 7 09:23:31 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> show parameter service_names NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ service_names string ZWC
node2
[oracle@node2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Mon Jan 7 09:23:38 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> show parameter service_na NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ service_names string zwc_preconnect
client
C:\>sqlplus scott/tiger@node-cluster-scan/zwc SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期一 1月 7 09:25:12 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. 连接到: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'; 会话已更改。 SQL> set line 300 SQL> col machine format a22 SQL> SELECT MACHINE, FAILOVER_TYPE, FAILOVER_METHOD, FAILED_OVER, COUNT(*) FROM V$SESSION GROUP BY MACHINE, FAILOVER_TYPE, FAILOVER_METHOD, FAILED_OVER; MACHINE FAILOVER_TYPE FAILOVER_M FAI COUNT(*) ---------------------- ------------- ---------- --- ---------- DINA\PC-201204200916 SELECT BASIC NO 1 node1 NONE NONE NO 43
abort node1 instance
SQL> shutdown abort ORACLE instance shut down.
[grid@node1 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.CRS.dg
ONLINE ONLINE node1
ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.DATADG.dg
ONLINE ONLINE node1
ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.FRADG.dg
ONLINE ONLINE node1
ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE node1
ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE node1 Started
ONLINE ONLINE node2 Started
ora.gsd
OFFLINE OFFLINE node1
OFFLINE OFFLINE node2
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE node1
ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE node1
ONLINE ONLINE node2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.oc4j
1 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.zhongwc.db
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown
2 ONLINE ONLINE node2 Open
ora.zhongwc.zwc.svc
1 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.zhongwc.zwc_preconnect.svc
1 ONLINE OFFLINE
client
C:\>sqlplus scott/tiger@node-cluster-scan/zwc SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期一 1月 7 09:25:12 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. 连接到: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'; 会话已更改。 SQL> set line 300 SQL> col machine format a22 SQL> SELECT MACHINE, FAILOVER_TYPE, FAILOVER_METHOD, FAILED_OVER, COUNT(*) FROM V$SESSION GROUP BY MACHINE, FAILOVER_TYPE, FAILOVER_METHOD, FAILED_OVER; MACHINE FAILOVER_TYPE FAILOVER_M FAI COUNT(*) ---------------------- ------------- ---------- --- ---------- DINA\PC-201204200916 SELECT BASIC NO 1 node1 NONE NONE NO 43 SQL> SELECT MACHINE, FAILOVER_TYPE, FAILOVER_METHOD, FAILED_OVER, COUNT(*) FROM V$SESSION GROUP BY MACHINE, FAILOVER_TYPE, FAILOVER_METHOD, FAILED_OVER; MACHINE FAILOVER_TYPE FAILOVER_M FAI COUNT(*) ---------------------- ------------- ---------- --- ---------- node2 NONE NONE NO 51 DINA\PC-201204200916 SELECT BASIC YES 1 SQL>
node2
[oracle@node2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Mon Jan 7 09:23:38 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> show parameter service_na NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ service_names string zwc_preconnect SQL> SQL> SQL> show parameter service_na NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ service_names string ZWC
start node1 instance and the "ZWC" service reset to the node1
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Mon Jan 7 09:38:58 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 839282688 bytes Fixed Size 2233000 bytes Variable Size 624954712 bytes Database Buffers 209715200 bytes Redo Buffers 2379776 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> !srvctl relocate service -d zhongwc -s ZWC -i zhongwc2 -t zhongwc1 SQL> show parameter service_names NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ service_names string ZWC
node2
[oracle@node2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Mon Jan 7 09:23:38 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> show parameter service_na NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ service_names string zwc_preconnect SQL> SQL> SQL> show parameter service_na NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ service_names string ZWC SQL> show parameter service_na NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ service_names string zwc_preconnect