在Linux平台下，手工创建一个数据库的操作有几个步骤：
1、确认唯一的instance和database name ;
2、选择database的字符集；
3、设定操作系统的环境变量；
4、建立初始化参数文件；
5、启动instance到nomount状态；
6、执行create database命令；
7、至少运行两个脚本文件；
测试条件说明：在oracle创建之初，已经创建了一个数据库orcl (这个操作在)，这里再用手工的方式创建一个kwen数据库。
1、首先打开putty，切换到oracle用户：
login as: root
root@192.168.1.60's password:
Last login: Thu Jan 21 23:27:52 2010 from 192.168.1.2
[root@localhost root]# su – oracle
root@192.168.1.60's password:
Last login: Thu Jan 21 23:27:52 2010 from 192.168.1.2
[root@localhost root]# su – oracle
查看当前的环境变量的配置：
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ env |grep ORACLE
ORACLE_SID=orcl
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/10gR2
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ sqlplus /nolog
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ env |grep ORACLE
ORACLE_SID=orcl
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/10gR2
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Jan 21 23:28:07 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL< exit
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ vi env.new RACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10gR2
ORACLE_SID=kwen
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ vi env.new RACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10gR2
ORACLE_SID=kwen
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ chmod 755 env.new
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ . ./env.new
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ env |grep ORACLE
ORACLE_SID=kwen
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/10gR2
[oracle@localhost oracle]$mkdir –p /opt/oracle/admin/kwen/bdump
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ . ./env.new
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ env |grep ORACLE
ORACLE_SID=kwen
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/10gR2
[oracle@localhost oracle]$mkdir –p /opt/oracle/admin/kwen/bdump
[oracle@localhost oracle]$mkdir –p /opt/oracle/admin/kwen/udump
[oracle@localhost oracle]$mkdir –p /opt/oracle/admin/kwen/cdump
[oracle@localhost oracle]$mkdir –p /opt/oracle/oradata/kwen
创建数据库的密码文件
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd /opt/oracle/10gR2/dbs
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls
initdw.ora initorcl.ora spfileorcl.ora
orapworcl hc_orcl.dat init.ora lkORCL
initdw.ora initorcl.ora spfileorcl.ora
orapworcl hc_orcl.dat init.ora lkORCL
[oracle@localhost dbs]$orapwd file=/opt/oracle/10gR2/dbs/orapwkwen password=admin entries=10;
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls
hc_kwen.dat hc_orcl.dat initdw.ora init.ora initorcl.ora lkORCL orapwkwen orapworcl spfileorcl.ora
hc_kwen.dat hc_orcl.dat initdw.ora init.ora initorcl.ora lkORCL orapwkwen orapworcl spfileorcl.ora
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cp initorcl.ora initkwen.ora
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cat initorcl.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=46137344
orcl.__java_pool_size=8388608
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__shared_pool_size=41943040
*.background_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'
*.compatible='10.1.0.2.0'
*.control_files='/opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl','/opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_cache_advice='ON'
*.db_cache_size=37748736
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=94371840
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_max_size=104857600
*.sga_target=104857600
*.shared_pool_size=37748736
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'
orcl.__java_pool_size=8388608
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__shared_pool_size=41943040
*.background_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'
*.compatible='10.1.0.2.0'
*.control_files='/opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl','/opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_cache_advice='ON'
*.db_cache_size=37748736
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=94371840
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_max_size=104857600
*.sga_target=104857600
*.shared_pool_size=37748736
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cat initkwen.ora
kwen.__db_cache_size=46137344
kwen.__java_pool_size=8388608
kwen.__large_pool_size=4194304
kwen.__shared_pool_size=41943040
*.background_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/kwen/bdump'
*.compatible='10.1.0.2.0'
##*.control_files='/opt/oracle/oradata/kwen/control01.ctl','/opt/oracle/oradata/kwen/control02.ctl','/opt/oracle/oradata/kwen/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/kwen/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_cache_advice='ON'
*.db_cache_size=37748736
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='kwen'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=94371840
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_max_size=104857600
*.sga_target=104857600
*.shared_pool_size=37748736
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/kwen/udump'
将所有的orcl换成新的SID：kwen，并且注释掉控制文件的一行。在这里要将里面所指定的目录全部建好。
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Jan 22 00:05:07 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL< conn / as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL< create spfile from pfile;
Connected.
SQL< create spfile from pfile;
SQL< startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 104857600 bytes
Fixed Size 777932 bytes
Variable Size 57680180 bytes
Database Buffers 46137344 bytes
Redo Buffers 262144 bytes
Fixed Size 777932 bytes
Variable Size 57680180 bytes
Database Buffers 46137344 bytes
Redo Buffers 262144 bytes
SQL< !
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls
hc_kwen.dat hc_orcl.dat initdw.ora initkwen.ora init.ora initorcl.ora lkKWEN lkORCL orapwkwen orapworcl spfilekwen.ora spfileorcl.ora
[oracle@localhost kwen]$ vi create.sql
create database kwen
controlfile reuse
datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/kwen/system1.dbf' size 100m autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited
sysaux datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/kwen/sysaux.dbf' size 100m reuse autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited
default temporary tablespace temp1
tempfile '/opt/oracle/oradata/kwen/temp1.dbf' size 100m reuse autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited
undo tablespace UNDOTBS1
datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/kwen/undo1.dbf' size 100m reuse autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited
default tablespace kwen
datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/kwen/kwen.dbf' size 100m reuse autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited
extent management local autoallocate
logfile
group 1 '/opt/oracle/oradata/kwen/redo1.log' size 100m reuse,
group 2 '/opt/oracle/oradata/kwen/redo2.log' size 100m reuse,
group 3 '/opt/oracle/oradata/kwen/redo3.log' size 100m reuse
character set al32utf8
;
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ exit
exit
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls
hc_kwen.dat hc_orcl.dat initdw.ora initkwen.ora init.ora initorcl.ora lkKWEN lkORCL orapwkwen orapworcl spfilekwen.ora spfileorcl.ora
[oracle@localhost kwen]$ vi create.sql
create database kwen
controlfile reuse
datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/kwen/system1.dbf' size 100m autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited
sysaux datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/kwen/sysaux.dbf' size 100m reuse autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited
default temporary tablespace temp1
tempfile '/opt/oracle/oradata/kwen/temp1.dbf' size 100m reuse autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited
undo tablespace UNDOTBS1
datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/kwen/undo1.dbf' size 100m reuse autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited
default tablespace kwen
datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/kwen/kwen.dbf' size 100m reuse autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited
extent management local autoallocate
logfile
group 1 '/opt/oracle/oradata/kwen/redo1.log' size 100m reuse,
group 2 '/opt/oracle/oradata/kwen/redo2.log' size 100m reuse,
group 3 '/opt/oracle/oradata/kwen/redo3.log' size 100m reuse
character set al32utf8
;
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ exit
exit
SQL< conn /as sysdba;
Connected.
Connected.
SQL< @/opt/oracle/10gR2/dbs/create.sql
执行结束后，开始去运行catalog.sql及cataproc.sql两个脚本文件，则这两个文件执行完毕后，kwen这个数据库已经创建成功。
SQL< @/opt/oracle/10gR2/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
SQL< @/opt/oracle/10gR2/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
至此一个数据库已经创建成功。
可能你在创建的时候会遇到很多的问题，请检查你的脚本文件的语法，或者已经有数据文件存在（这里可不指定size大小，而用reuse选项即可），还有一种可能就是你的权限不足，无法写入等。
这里总结下，主要的步骤：
1、写设置新的环境变量脚本文件
2、创建密码文件及parameter参数文件
3、创建符合OFA的空目录
4、创建create database的脚本文件
5、运行catalog.sql与catproc.sql两个脚本文件
好了，就这样容易。。。。