环境：源主机hostname：localhost 平台：rhel X86_64 数据库版本：11g R2 数据位置：/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata
目标主机：主机名standby 平台：rhel X86_64 数据库版本：11g R2 数据位置：/home/oracle/app/mydata
一、首先在源主机进行备份
1、这里用rman进行压缩备份，压缩可以大大的节省空间
RMAN> run {
2> backup as compressed backupset full tag 'full_for_transfer' database
3> include current controlfile format '/home/oracle/full_%d_%T_%s'
4> plus archivelog format '/home/oracle/arlog_%d_%T_%s';
5> }
备份完成我们可以用list backup查看下备份
备份源数据库口令文件（可以不备份，在目标数据库新建也可以），口令文件路径$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID
备份源数据库参数文件，修改后，在目标数据库使用。可以通过create pfile from spfile导出pfile
二、将源数据库备份数据传输到目标数据库，并在目标数据库建立目录
1、环境准备
将备份数据通过ftp工具传输到目标数据库
在目标数据新建mydata目录$ mkdir /home/oracle/app/mydata
在目标数据库设置环境变量,同源数据库一样
在目标数据库启动实例到nomount状态
SQL> startup nomount
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/inittest001.ora'
提示没有参数文件，我们将修改好的参数文件重命名为inittest001.ora，并放到/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/目录
再次启动
SQL>startup nomount
ORA-01261: Parameter db_recovery_file_dest destination string cannot be translated
ORA-01262: Stat failed on a file destination directory
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
提示没有文件或目录，建立目录，检查参数文件中设置的目录是否存在
# mkdir -p /home/oracle/app/oracle/admin/test001/adump
# mkdir -p /home/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/test001/
# chown -R oracle.oinstall /home/oracle/
再次启动
SQL> startup nomount
ORA-00119: invalid specification for system parameter LOCAL_LISTENER
ORA-00130: invalid listener address '(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=standby)(PORT=1521))'
提示我们没有建立监听，我们可以重新建监听也可以，复制源数据库，进行修改
$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin 监听配置文件目录
建立监听，先对我们的hosts文件进行修改
$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
172.30.252.17 standby
启动监听，再启动实例
三、恢复控制文件，并启动到mount状态
1、恢复控制文件
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/full_TEST001_20140311_158';
Starting restore at 11-MAR-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/home/oracle/app/mydata/control01.ctl
output file name=/home/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/test001/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 11-MAR-14
2、启动到mount状态
RMAN>
alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
四、恢复数据文件
1、使用catalog start with指定备份文件位置
RMAN> catalog start with '/home/oracle';
2、使用rman进行数据恢复
还原及恢复数据库，由于使用了不同的位置，因此我们需要使用set newname 子句。如果使用相同目录，直接恢复即可
RMAN>
run {
2> set newname for datafile 1 to '/home/oracle/app/mydata/system01.dbf';
3> set newname for datafile 2 to '/home/oracle/app/mydata/sysaux01.dbf';
4> set newname for datafile 3 to '/home/oracle/app/mydata/undotbs01.dbf';
5> set newname for datafile 4 to '/home/oracle/app/mydata/users01.dbf';
6> set newname for datafile 5 to '/home/oracle/app/mydata/rman01.dbf';
7> set newname for datafile 6 to '/home/oracle/app/mydata/eygle.dbf';
8> restore database;
9> switch datafile all;
10> recover database;
11> }
.............................................................................................
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=77
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 03/11/2014 18:18:25
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 77 and starting SCN of 1797152
这个错误，因为我们redo log丢失所以出错
五、恢复redo log到新的目录
启动到open状态
RMAN> alter database open;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of alter db command at 03/11/2014 18:20:59
ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open
因为我们使用了恢复的控制文件，所以用resetlogs模式打开数据库
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00344: unable to re-create online log
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test001/redo01.log'
ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
因为改变了文件路径，所以日志文件无法创建
SQL> set linesize 200;
SQL> col member format a60;
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_
---------- ------- ------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---
3 ONLINE /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test001/redo03.log NO
2 ONLINE /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test001/redo02.log NO
1 ONLINE /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test001/redo01.log NO
SQL>
set heading off;
SQL> select 'alter database rename file '''||member||''' to '''||replace(member,'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test001/','/home/oracle/app/mydata/')||''';'
from v$logfile;
SQL> alter database rename file '/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test001/redo03.log' to '/home/oracle/app/mydata/redo03.log';
Database altered.
SQL> alter database rename file '/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test001/redo02.log' to '/home/oracle/app/mydata/redo02.log';
Database altered.
SQL> alter database rename file '/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test001/redo01.log' to '/home/oracle/app/mydata/redo01.log';
Database altered.
SQL>
set heading on;
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
六，修改临时表空间位置
SQL> select * from dba_temp_files;
select * from dba_temp_files
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 201 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 201: '/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test001/temp01.dbf'
临时数据文件位置也需要更改
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test001/temp01.dbf
SQL> alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/home/oracle/app/mydata/temp.dbf' size 100M;
Tablespace altered.
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test001/temp01.dbf
/home/oracle/app/mydata/temp.dbf
SQL> alter tablespace temp drop tempfile '/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test001/temp01.dbf';
Tablespace altered.
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/home/oracle/app/mydata/temp.dbf
SQL>alter
database tempfile '/home/oracle/app/mydata/temp.dbf' autoextend on;
Database altered
SQL> select * from dba_temp_files;
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FILE_ID TABLESPACE_NAME BYTES BLOCKS STATUS RELATIVE_FNO AUT MAXBYTES MAXBLOCKS INCREMENT_BY USER_BYTES USER_BLOCKS
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ------- ------------ --- ---------- ---------- ------------ ---------- -----------
/home/oracle/app/mydata/temp.dbf
2 TEMP 52428800 6400 ONLINE 2 YES 3.4360E+10 4194302 1 51380224 6272
七、重建EM
[oracle@standby ~]$ emctl start dbconsole
Environment variable ORACLE_UNQNAME not defined. Please set ORACLE_UNQNAME to database unique name.
EM无法启动，重建EM
重建EM之前一定要要口令文件，否则无法重建
$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwtest001 password=Test1234 force=y entries=10
$ ls
hc_test001.dat init.ora inittest001.ora lkTEST001 orapwtest001