Android每次加载图片很浪费时间。所以设计了一个图片缓存技术来解决每次android手机加载图片的问题
内存的读取速度是最快的，然后是文件的读取速度，最后是网络资源的读取
既然内存的读取时间最快，我们好好利用内存资源。将内存再分两层缓存
强引用缓存不会轻易被回收，来保存常用数据，不常用的资源放入软引用缓存中。
对于硬引用和软引用的介绍：
⑴强引用（StrongReference）
强引用是使用最普遍的引用。如果一个对象具有强引用，那垃圾回收器绝不会回收它。当内存空间不足，Java虚拟机宁愿抛出OutOfMemoryError错误，使程序异常终止，也不会靠随意回收具有强引用的对象来解决内存不足的问题。
⑵软引用（SoftReference）
如果一个对象只具有软引用，则内存空间足够，垃圾回收器就不会回收它；如果内存空间不足了，就会回收这些对象的内存。只要垃圾回收器没有回收它，该对象就可以被程序使用。软引用可用来实现内存敏感的高速缓存
1，对于强引用和软引用的使用，我们首先去强引用缓存中去找图片资源，当没有发现时，就去软引用缓存中。当强引用的超额时，将最后使用的资源放入软引用缓存中，使用到软引用的资源时 ，则将资源重新放回强引用缓存池中。
2，内存缓存池中找不到，就去文件中查找，
3，再找不到就只好去网络上下载了，下载到以后，分别将资源放入文件缓存和内存缓存中
Android对于InputStream流有个小bug在慢速网络的情况下可能产生中断，可以考虑重写FilterInputStream处理skip方法来解决这个bug。 BitmapFactory类的decodeStream方法在网络超时或较慢的时候无法获取完整的数据，这里我 们通过继承FilterInputStream类的skip方法来强制实现flush流中的数据，主要原理就是检查是否到文件末端，告诉http类是否继续。
static class FlushedInputStream extends FilterInputStream {
public FlushedInputStream(InputStream inputStream) {
super(inputStream);
}
@Override
public long skip(long n) throws IOException {
long totalBytesSkipped = 0L;
while (totalBytesSkipped < n) {
long bytesSkipped = in.skip(n - totalBytesSkipped);
if (bytesSkipped == 0L) {
int b = read();
if (b < 0) {
break; // we reached EOF
} else {
bytesSkipped = 1; // we read one byte
}
}
totalBytesSkipped += bytesSkipped;
}
return totalBytesSkipped;
}
}
主界面读取图片
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private ImageMemoryCache memoryCache;
private ImageFileCache fileCache;
private ImageView imageView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
memoryCache=new ImageMemoryCache(this);
fileCache=new ImageFileCache();
imageView=(ImageView) findViewById(R.id.img);
Bitmap b=getBitmap("http://f.hiphotos.baidu.com/album/w%3D2048/sign=7aa167f79f2f07085f052d00dd1cb999/472309f7905298228f794c7bd6ca7bcb0b46d4c4.jpg");
imageView.setImageBitmap(b);
}
public Bitmap getBitmap(String url) {
// 从内存缓存中获取图片
Bitmap result = memoryCache.getBitmapFromCache(url);
if (result == null) {
// 文件缓存中获取
result = fileCache.getImage(url);
if (result == null) {
// 从网络获取
result = ImageGetFromHttp.downloadBitmap(url);
if (result != null) {
fileCache.saveBitmap(result, url);
memoryCache.addBitmapToCache(url, result);
}
} else {
// 添加到内存缓存
memoryCache.addBitmapToCache(url, result);
}
}
return result;
}
}
内存中读取
public class ImageMemoryCache {
/**
* 从内存读取数据速度是最快的，为了更大限度使用内存，这里使用了两层缓存。
* 硬引用缓存不会轻易被回收，用来保存常用数据，不常用的转入软引用缓存。
*/
private static final int SOFT_CACHE_SIZE = 15; //软引用缓存容量
private static LruCache<String, Bitmap> mLruCache; //硬引用缓存
private static LinkedHashMap<String, SoftReference<Bitmap>> mSoftCache; //软引用缓存
public ImageMemoryCache(Context context) {
int memClass = ((ActivityManager)context.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE)).getMemoryClass();
int cacheSize = 1024 * 1024 * memClass / 4; //硬引用缓存容量，为系统可用内存的1/4
mLruCache = new LruCache<String, Bitmap>(cacheSize) {
@Override
protected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap value) {
if (value != null)
return value.getRowBytes() * value.getHeight();
else
return 0;
}
@Override
protected void entryRemoved(boolean evicted, String key, Bitmap oldValue, Bitmap newValue) {
if (oldValue != null)
// 硬引用缓存容量满的时候，会根据LRU算法把最近没有被使用的图片转入此软引用缓存
mSoftCache.put(key, new SoftReference<Bitmap>(oldValue));
}
};
mSoftCache = new LinkedHashMap<String, SoftReference<Bitmap>>(SOFT_CACHE_SIZE, 0.75f, true) {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 6040103833179403725L;
@Override
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Entry<String, SoftReference<Bitmap>> eldest) {
if (size() > SOFT_CACHE_SIZE){
return true;
}
return false;
}
};
}
/**
* 从缓存中获取图片
*/
public Bitmap getBitmapFromCache(String url) {
Bitmap bitmap;
//先从硬引用缓存中获取
synchronized (mLruCache) {
bitmap = mLruCache.get(url);
if (bitmap != null) {
//如果找到的话，把元素移到LinkedHashMap的最前面，从而保证在LRU算法中是最后被删除
mLruCache.remove(url);
mLruCache.put(url, bitmap);
return bitmap;
}
}
//如果硬引用缓存中找不到，到软引用缓存中找
synchronized (mSoftCache) {
SoftReference<Bitmap> bitmapReference = mSoftCache.get(url);
if (bitmapReference != null) {
bitmap = bitmapReference.get();
if (bitmap != null) {
//将图片移回硬缓存
mLruCache.put(url, bitmap);
mSoftCache.remove(url);
return bitmap;
} else {
mSoftCache.remove(url);
}
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* 添加图片到缓存
*/
public void addBitmapToCache(String url, Bitmap bitmap) {
if (bitmap != null) {
synchronized (mLruCache) {
mLruCache.put(url, bitmap);
}
}
}
public void clearCache() {
mSoftCache.clear();
}
}
public class ImageFileCache {
private static final String CACHDIR = "ImgCach";
private static final String WHOLESALE_CONV = ".cach";
private static final int MB = 1024*1024;
private static final int CACHE_SIZE = 10;
private static final int FREE_SD_SPACE_NEEDED_TO_CACHE = 10;
public ImageFileCache() {
//清理文件缓存
removeCache(getDirectory());
}
/** 从缓存中获取图片 **/
public Bitmap getImage(final String url) {
final String path = getDirectory() + "/" + convertUrlToFileName(url);
File file = new File(path);
if (file.exists()) {
Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path);
if (bmp == null) {
file.delete();
} else {
updateFileTime(path);
return bmp;
}
}
return null;
}
/** 将图片存入文件缓存 **/
public void saveBitmap(Bitmap bm, String url) {
if (bm == null) {
return;
}
//判断sdcard上的空间
if (FREE_SD_SPACE_NEEDED_TO_CACHE > freeSpaceOnSd()) {
//SD空间不足
return;
}
String filename = convertUrlToFileName(url);
String dir = getDirectory();
File dirFile = new File(dir);
if (!dirFile.exists())
dirFile.mkdirs();
File file = new File(dir +"/" + filename);
try {
file.createNewFile();
OutputStream outStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
bm.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, outStream);
outStream.flush();
outStream.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
Log.w("ImageFileCache", "FileNotFoundException");
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.w("ImageFileCache", "IOException");
}
}
/**
* 计算存储目录下的文件大小，
* 当文件总大小大于规定的CACHE_SIZE或者sdcard剩余空间小于FREE_SD_SPACE_NEEDED_TO_CACHE的规定
* 那么删除40%最近没有被使用的文件
*/
private boolean removeCache(String dirPath) {
File dir = new File(dirPath);
File[] files = dir.listFiles();
if (files == null) {
return true;
}
if (!android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
return false;
}
int dirSize = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
if (files[i].getName().contains(WHOLESALE_CONV)) {
dirSize += files[i].length();
}
}
if (dirSize > CACHE_SIZE * MB || FREE_SD_SPACE_NEEDED_TO_CACHE > freeSpaceOnSd()) {
int removeFactor = (int) ((0.4 * files.length) + 1);
Arrays.sort(files, new FileLastModifSort());
for (int i = 0; i < removeFactor; i++) {
if (files[i].getName().contains(WHOLESALE_CONV)) {
files[i].delete();
}
}
}
if (freeSpaceOnSd() <= CACHE_SIZE) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
/** 修改文件的最后修改时间 **/
public void updateFileTime(String path) {
File file = new File(path);
long newModifiedTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
file.setLastModified(newModifiedTime);
}
/** 计算sdcard上的剩余空间 **/
private int freeSpaceOnSd() {
StatFs stat = new StatFs(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath());
double sdFreeMB = ((double)stat.getAvailableBlocks() * (double) stat.getBlockSize()) / MB;
return (int) sdFreeMB;
}
/** 将url转成文件名 **/
private String convertUrlToFileName(String url) {
String[] strs = url.split("/");
return strs[strs.length - 1] + WHOLESALE_CONV;
}
/** 获得缓存目录 **/
private String getDirectory() {
String dir = getSDPath() + "/" + CACHDIR;
return dir;
}
/** 取SD卡路径 **/
private String getSDPath() {
File sdDir = null;
boolean sdCardExist = Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED); //判断sd卡是否存在
if (sdCardExist) {
sdDir = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(); //获取根目录
}
if (sdDir != null) {
return sdDir.toString();
} else {
return "";
}
}
/**
* 根据文件的最后修改时间进行排序
*/
private class FileLastModifSort implements Comparator<File> {
public int compare(File arg0, File arg1) {
if (arg0.lastModified() > arg1.lastModified()) {
return 1;
} else if (arg0.lastModified() == arg1.lastModified()) {
return 0;
} else {
return -1;
}
}
}
}
网络下载图片
public class ImageGetFromHttp {
private static final String LOG_TAG = "ImageGetFromHttp";
public static Bitmap downloadBitmap(String url) {
final HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
final HttpGet getRequest = new HttpGet(url);
try {
HttpResponse response = client.execute(getRequest);
final int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Error " + statusCode + " while retrieving bitmap from " + url);
return null;
}
final HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
InputStream inputStream = null;
try {
inputStream = entity.getContent();
FilterInputStream fit = new FlushedInputStream(inputStream);
return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fit);
} finally {
if (inputStream != null) {
inputStream.close();
inputStream = null;
}
entity.consumeContent();
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
getRequest.abort();
Log.w(LOG_TAG, "I/O error while retrieving bitmap from " + url, e);
} catch (IllegalStateException e) {
getRequest.abort();
Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Incorrect URL: " + url);
} catch (Exception e) {
getRequest.abort();
Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Error while retrieving bitmap from " + url, e);
} finally {
client.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
return null;
}
/*
* An InputStream that skips the exact number of bytes provided, unless it reaches EOF.
*/
static class FlushedInputStream extends FilterInputStream {
public FlushedInputStream(InputStream inputStream) {
super(inputStream);
}
@Override
public long skip(long n) throws IOException {
long totalBytesSkipped = 0L;
while (totalBytesSkipped < n) {
long bytesSkipped = in.skip(n - totalBytesSkipped);
if (bytesSkipped == 0L) {
int b = read();
if (b < 0) {
break; // we reached EOF
} else {
bytesSkipped = 1; // we read one byte
}
}
totalBytesSkipped += bytesSkipped;
}
return totalBytesSkipped;
}
}
}
权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />