4.3丢失多个数据文件,实现整个数据库的恢复 4.3.1 OS备份方案 OS备份归档模式下损坏(丢失)多个数据文件,进行整个数据库的恢复 1、连接数据库,创建测试表并插入记录 SQL*Plus: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production on Tue May 6 13:46:32 2003 (c) Copyright 1999 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba; Connected.
SQL> create table test(a int); Table created SQL> insert into test values(1); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete
2、备份数据库,备份除临时数据文件后的所数据文件 SQL> @hotbak.sql 或在DOS下 svrmgrl @hotbak.sql
3、继续在测试表中插入记录 SQL> insert into test values(2); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete SQL> select * from test; A --------------------------------------- 1 2 SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered. SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered.
4、关闭数据库,模拟丢失数据文件 SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down
C:/>del D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/SYSTEM01.DBF C:/>del D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/INDX01.DBF C:/>del D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/TOOLS01.DBF C:/>del D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/RBS01.DBF 模拟媒体毁坏(这里删除多个数据文件)
5、启动数据库,检查错误 SQL> STARTUP ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 102020364 bytes Fixed Size 70924 bytes Variable Size 85487616 bytes Database Buffers 16384000 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/SYSTEM01.DBF'
详细信息可以查看报警文件 ORA-1157 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN... Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003 Errors in file D:/Oracle/admin/test/bdump/testDBW0.TRC: ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/SYSTEM01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003 Errors in file D:/Oracle/admin/test/bdump/testDBW0.TRC: ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 2 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 2: 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/RBS01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003 Errors in file D:/Oracle/admin/test/bdump/testDBW0.TRC: ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 5 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 5: 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/TOOLS01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003 Errors in file D:/Oracle/admin/test/bdump/testDBW0.TRC: ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 6: 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/INDX01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
通过查询v$recover_file可以看到 SQL> select * from v$recover_file;
FILE# ONLINE ERROR CHANGE# TIME ---------- ------- ------------------ ---------- ----------- 1 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 2 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 5 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 6 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 有四个数据文件需要恢复
6、拷贝备份回到原地点(restore),开始恢复数据库(recover) restore过程: C:/>copy D:/DATABAK/SYSTEM01.DBF D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ C:/>copy D:/DATABAK/TEST/INDX01.DBF D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ C:/>copy D:/DATABAK/TEST/TOOLS01.DBF D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ C:/>copy D:/DATABAK/TEST/RBS01.DBF.DBF D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/
Recover过程: SQL> recover database; ORA-00279: change 1073849 generated at 05/08/2003 08:58:35 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00311.ARC ORA-00280: change 1073849 for thread 1 is in sequence #311
Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} auto ORA-00279: change 1073856 generated at 05/08/2003 09:03:27 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00312.ARC ORA-00280: change 1073856 for thread 1 is in sequence #312 ORA-00278: log file 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00311.ARC' no longer needed for this recovery
ORA-00279: change 1073858 generated at 05/08/2003 09:11:43 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00313.ARC ORA-00280: change 1073858 for thread 1 is in sequence #313 ORA-00278: log file 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00312.ARC' no longer needed for this recovery
ORA-00279: change 1073870 generated at 05/08/2003 09:11:46 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00314.ARC ORA-00280: change 1073870 for thread 1 is in sequence #314 ORA-00278: log file 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00313.ARC' no longer needed for this recovery
Log applied. Media recovery complete.
7、打开数据库,检查数据库的数据(完全恢复) SQL> alter database open; Database altered. SQL> select * from test; A --------------------------------------- 1 2
说明: 1、只要有备份与归档存在,就可以实现数据库的完全恢复(不丢失数据) 2、适合于丢失大量数据文件,或包含系统数据文件在内的数据库的恢复 3、恢复过程在mount下进行,如果恢复成功,再打开数据库,down机时间可能比较长一些。
GHJ4.3.2 RMAN备份方案 RMAN备份归档模式下损坏(丢失)多个数据文件,进行整个数据库的恢复 1、连接数据库,创建测试表并插入记录 SQL*Plus: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production on Tue May 6 13:46:32 2003 (c) Copyright 1999 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba; Connected. SQL> create table test(a int); Table created SQL> insert into test values(1); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete
2、备份数据库 DOS下 C:>/ rman cmdfile=bakup.rcv msglog=backup.log;
以下是backup.log内容。 Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production RMAN> # script:bakup.rcv 2> # creater:chenjiping 3> # date:5.8.2003 4> # desc:backup all database datafile in archive with rman 5> 6> #connect database 7> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back; 8> connect target internal/virpure; 9> 10> #start backup database 11> run{ 12> allocate channel c1 type disk; 13> backup full tag 'dbfull' format 'd:/backup/full%u_%s_%p' database 14> include current controlfile; 15> sql 'alter system archive log current'; 16> release channel c1; 17> } 18> #end 19>
RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720) RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1 RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=15 devtype=DISK RMAN-03022: compiling command: backup RMAN-03023: executing command: backup RMAN-08008: channel c1: starting full datafile backupset RMAN-08502: set_count=4 set_stamp=494074368 creation_time=15-MAY-03 RMAN-08010: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00002 name=D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/RBS01.DBF RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00001 name=D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/SYSTEM01.DBF RMAN-08011: including current controlfile in backupset RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00005 name=D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/TOOLS01.DBF RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00004 name=D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/TEMP01.DBF RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00006 name=D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/INDX01.DBF RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00003 name=D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/USER01.DBF RMAN-08013: channel c1: piece 1 created RMAN-08503: piece handle=D:/BACKUP/FULL04EN5UG0_4_1 comment=NONE RMAN-08525: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:16 RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog RMAN-08005: partial resync complete RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql RMAN-06162: sql statement: alter system archive log current RMAN-03023: executing command: sql RMAN-03022: compiling command: release RMAN-03023: executing command: release RMAN-08031: released channel: c1 Recovery Manager complete. 到这里表示备份成功。
3、继续在测试表中插入记录 SQL> insert into test values(2); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete SQL> select * from test; A --------------------------------------- 1 2 SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered. SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered.
4、关闭数据库,模拟丢失数据文件 SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down C:/>del D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/SYSTEM01.DBF C:/>del D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/INDX01.DBF C:/>del D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/TOOLS01.DBF C:/>del D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/RBS01.DBF
5、启动数据库,检查错误 SQL> STARTUP ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 102020364 bytes Fixed Size 70924 bytes Variable Size 85487616 bytes Database Buffers 16384000 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/SYSTEM01.DBF'
查询v$recover_file SQL> select * from v$recover_file;
FILE# ONLINE ERROR CHANGE# TIME ---------- ------- ------------------ ---------- ----------- 1 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 2 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 5 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 6 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 可以知道有四个数据文件需要恢复
6、利用RMAN进行恢复 C:/>rman Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production RMAN> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database RMAN> connect target internal/virpure RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720) RMAN> run{ 2> allocate channel c1 type disk; 3> restore database; 4> recover database; 5> sql 'alter database open'; 6> release channel c1; 7> }
RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1 RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=17 devtype=DISK RMAN-03022: compiling command: restore RMAN-03025: performing implicit partial resync of recovery catalog RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog RMAN-08005: partial resync complete RMAN-03022: compiling command: IRESTORE RMAN-03023: executing command: IRESTORE RMAN-08016: channel c1: starting datafile backupset restore RMAN-08502: set_count=4 set_stamp=494074368 creation_time=15-MAY-03 RMAN-08089: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00001 to D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/SYSTEM01.DBF RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00002 to D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/RBS01.DBF RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00003 to D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/USER01.DBF RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00004 to D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/TEMP01.DBF RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00005 to D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/TOOLS01.DBF RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00006 to D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/INDX01.DBF RMAN-08023: channel c1: restored backup piece 1 RMAN-08511: piece handle=D:/BACKUP/FULL04EN5UG0_4_1 tag=DBFULL params=NULL RMAN-08024: channel c1: restore complete RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog RMAN-08005: partial resync complete RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(1) RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(2) RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(3) RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(3) RMAN-08054: starting media recovery RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(4) RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 327 is already on disk as file D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00327.ARC RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 328 is already on disk as file D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00328.ARC RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 329 is already on disk as file D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00329.ARC RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 330 is already on disk as file D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00330.ARC RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(4) RMAN-08515: archivelog filename=D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00327.ARC thread=1 sequence=327 RMAN-08515: archivelog filename=D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00328.ARC thread=1 sequence=328 RMAN-08055: media recovery complete RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql RMAN-06162: sql statement: alter database open RMAN-03023: executing command: sql RMAN-03022: compiling command: release RMAN-03023: executing command: release RMAN-08031: released channel: c1 RMAN>
7、检查数据库的数据(完全恢复) SQL> select * from test; A --------------------------------------- 1 2
说明: 1、只要有备份与归档存在,RMAN也可以实现数据库的完全恢复(不丢失数据) 2、同OS备份数据库恢复,适合于丢失大量数据文件,或包含系统数据文件在内的数据库的恢复 3、目标数据库在mount下进行,如果恢复成功,再打开数据库。 4、RMAN的备份与恢复命令相对比较简单并可靠,建议有条件的话,都采用RMAN进行数据库的备份。
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