SQL Server 2008中SQL应用系列及BI学习笔记系列--目录索引
前几天在项目中遇到一个问题，需要从SQL Server导出表到Excel，但需要带列名。晚上尝试了几种方法，并作个小结。
假定表如下：
USE testDb2 GO IF NOT OBJECT_ID('Demo_A') IS NULL DROP TABLE [Demo_A] /****** Object: Table [dbo].[Demo_A] downmoon:3w@live.cn ******/ CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Demo_A]( [ID] int not null, [Name] [Nvarchar](20) NOT NULL ) GO INSERT [dbo].[Demo_A] SELECT 1,'郭靖' union ALL SELECT 2,'胡一刀' union ALL SELECT 3,'令狐冲' GO
如果通常的思路，我们可以用BCP，命令如下：
-- To allow advanced options to be changed. EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1 GO -- To update the currently configured value for advanced options. RECONFIGURE GO -- To enable the feature. EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1 GO -- To update the currently configured value for this feature. RECONFIGURE GO EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp Testdb2.dbo.Demo_A out c:\Temp.xls -c -q -S"ap4\Net2012" -U"sa" -P"sA"'
这样得到的xls文件中，Sheet是不带列名的。但可以改进一下，得到如下命令(参考：http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/forums/en-US/sqlgetstarted/thread/812b8eec-5b77-42a2-bd23-965558ece5b9/)：
方法一：使用BCP
为了方便，我创建了一个存储过程：
/****** SQL Export to xls ***************/ /* Example */ /*CPP_Export_To_Excel_With_Header 'Testdb2','Demo_A','C:\TestExxelWithHeader.xls'*/ /* 2012.5.4 BY tony,邀月, 3w@live.cn */ ---- CPP_Export_To_Excel_With_Header 'Testdb2','Demo_A','C:\TestExcelWithHeader.xls' Create Procedure CPP_Export_To_Excel_With_Header ( @db_name varchar(255), @table_name varchar(255), @file_path varchar(255) ) as ----Generate column names as a recordset declare @columns varchar(8000), @sql varchar(8000) declare @HeadersOnlyFile varchar(255),@TableDataWithoutHeaders varchar(255) set @HeadersOnlyFile=replace(cast(newid() as VARCHAR(40)),'-','')+'1.xls' set @TableDataWithoutHeaders=replace(cast(newid() as VARCHAR(40)),'-','')+'2.xls' select @columns=coalesce(@columns+',','')+column_name+' as '+column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name=@table_name select @columns=''''''+replace(replace(@columns,' as ',''''' as '),',',',''''') print @columns ----Generate column names file set @sql='exec master..xp_cmdshell ''bcp " select * from (select '+@columns+') as t" queryout "'+@HeadersOnlyFile+'" -c''' print @sql exec(@sql) ----Create a dummy file to have actual data set @sql='exec master..xp_cmdshell ''bcp "'+@db_name+'.dbo.'+@table_name+'" out "'+@TableDataWithoutHeaders+'" -c -t -T''' print @sql exec(@sql) --Merge File into One Final Format set @sql='exec master..xp_cmdshell ''copy /b '+@HeadersOnlyFile+'+'+@TableDataWithoutHeaders+' '+@file_path+'''' print @sql exec(@sql) --Delete temp File set @sql='exec master..xp_cmdshell ''del '+@HeadersOnlyFile+'''' exec(@sql) set @sql='exec master..xp_cmdshell ''del '+@TableDataWithoutHeaders+'''' exec(@sql)
调用方法：
CPP_Export_To_Excel_With_Header 'Testdb2','Demo_A','C:\TestExcelWithHeader.xls'
另外有类似的处理方法：(看这里：http://www.sqlteam.com/forums/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=49926),其主要思路如下：
方法二：
create procedure proc_generate_excel_with_columns ( @db_name varchar(100), @table_name varchar(100), @file_name varchar(100) ) as --Generate column names as a recordset declare @columns varchar(8000), @sql varchar(8000), @data_file varchar(100) select @columns=coalesce(@columns+',','')+column_name+' as '+column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name=@table_name select @columns=''''''+replace(replace(@columns,' as ',''''' as '),',',',''''') --Create a dummy file to have actual data select @data_file=substring(@file_name,1,len(@file_name)-charindex('\',reverse(@file_name)))+'\data_file.xls' --Generate column names in the passed EXCEL file set @sql='exec master..xp_cmdshell ''bcp " select * from (select '+@columns+') as t" queryout "'+@file_name+'" -c''' exec(@sql) --Generate data in the dummy file set @sql='exec master..xp_cmdshell ''bcp "select * from '+@db_name+'..'+@table_name+'" queryout "'+@data_file+'" -c''' exec(@sql) --Copy dummy file to passed EXCEL file set @sql= 'exec master..xp_cmdshell ''type '+@data_file+' >> "'+@file_name+'"''' exec(@sql) --Delete dummy file set @sql= 'exec master..xp_cmdshell ''del '+@data_file+'''' exec(@sql)
调用示例：
EXEC proc_generate_excel_with_columns 'your dbname', 'your table name','your file path'
如果，你的环境是SQL Server 2005,那么可以有：
方法三，使用sp_makewebtask,仅适用于SQL Server 2005
0)表T1结构 a int b int x char 1)开启Web Assistant Procedures exec sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1 RECONFIGURE exec sp_configure 'Web Assistant Procedures', 1 RECONFIGURE 2)执行如下语句 EXEC sp_makewebtask @outputfile = 'd:\testing.xls', @query = 'Select TOP 10 * from shenliang1985..T1', @colheaders =1, @FixedFont=0,@lastupdated=0,@resultstitle='Querying details' 3)查看生成的EXCEl的 Querying details Last updated: 2010-03-03 01:02:59.263 a b x 0 0 0 2 5 1 4 10 2 6 15 3 8 20 4 10 25 5 12 30 6 14 35 7 16 40 8 18 45 9
可惜SQL Server 2008以后sp_makewebtask 这个存储过程取消了，后续版本也不再启用。
方法一和方法二其实生成的文件都不上真正的Excel文件，虽然后缀名为xls，为此，找到邹建写的一个存储过程。
方法四,使用OpenRowSet：
/*--数据导出EXCEL 导出查询中的数据到Excel,包含字段名,文件为真正的Excel文件 如果文件不存在,将自动创建文件 如果表不存在,将自动创建表 基于通用性考虑,仅支持导出标准数据类型 --邹建 2003.10(引用请保留此信息)--*/ /*--调用示例 p_exporttb @sqlstr='select * from 地区资料' ,@path='c:\',@fname='aa.xls',@sheetname='地区资料' --*/ create proc p_exporttb @sqlstr varchar(8000),--查询语句,如果查询语句中使用了order by ,请加上top 100 percent @path nvarchar(1000),--文件存放目录 @fname nvarchar(250),--文件名 @sheetname varchar(250)=''--要创建的工作表名,默认为文件名 as declare @err int,@src nvarchar(255),@desc nvarchar(255),@out int declare @obj int,@constr nvarchar(1000),@sql varchar(8000),@fdlist varchar(8000) --参数检测 if isnull(@fname,'')=''set @fname='temp2012.xls' if isnull(@sheetname,'')='' set @sheetname=replace(@fname,'.','#') --检查文件是否已经存在 if right(@path,1)<>'\' set @path=@path+'\' create table #tb(a bit,b bit,c bit) set @sql=@path+@fname insert into #tb exec master..xp_fileexist @sql --数据库创建语句 set @sql=@path+@fname if exists(select 1 from #tb where a=1) set @constr='DRIVER={Microsoft Excel Driver (*.xls)};DSN='''';READONLY=FALSE' +';CREATE_DB="'+@sql+'";DBQ='+@sql else set @constr='Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Extended Properties="Excel 8.0;HDR=YES' +';DATABASE='+@sql+'"' --连接数据库 exec @err=sp_oacreate 'adodb.connection',@obj out if @err<>0 goto lberr exec @err=sp_oamethod @obj,'open',null,@constr if @err<>0 goto lberr --创建表的SQL declare @tbname sysname set @tbname='##tmp_'+convert(varchar(38),newid()) set @sql='select * into ['+@tbname+'] from('+@sqlstr+') a' exec(@sql) select @sql='',@fdlist='' select @fdlist=@fdlist+',['+a.name+']' ,@sql=@sql+',['+a.name+'] ' +case when b.name like '%char' then case when a.length>255 then 'memo' else 'text('+cast(a.length as varchar)+')' end when b.name like '%int' or b.name='bit' then 'int' when b.name like '%datetime' then 'datetime' when b.name like '%money' then 'money' when b.name like '%text' then 'memo' else b.name end FROM tempdb..syscolumns a left join tempdb..systypes b on a.xtype=b.xusertype where b.name not in('image','uniqueidentifier','sql_variant','varbinary','binary','timestamp') and a.id=(select id from tempdb..sysobjects where name=@tbname) if @@rowcount=0 return select @sql='create table ['+@sheetname +']('+substring(@sql,2,8000)+')' ,@fdlist=substring(@fdlist,2,8000) exec @err=sp_oamethod @obj,'execute',@out out,@sql if @err<>0 goto lberr exec @err=sp_oadestroy @obj --导入数据 set @sql='openrowset(''MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0'',''Excel 8.0;HDR=YES ;DATABASE='+@path+@fname+''',['+@sheetname+'$])' exec('insert into '+@sql+'('+@fdlist+') select '+@fdlist+' from ['+@tbname+']') set @sql='drop table ['+@tbname+']' exec(@sql) return lberr: exec sp_oageterrorinfo 0,@src out,@desc out lbexit: select cast(@err as varbinary(4)) as 错误号 ,@src as 错误源,@desc as 错误描述 select @sql,@constr,@fdlist go
为了执行这个存储过程，你得先打开以下开关：
-- To allow advanced options to be changed. EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1 GO -- To allow advanced options to be changed. EXEC sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures', 1 GO EXEC sp_configure 'Ad Hoc Distributed Queries', 1 GO -- To update the currently configured value for advanced options. RECONFIGURE GO
调用示例：
p_exporttb @sqlstr='select * from [Demo_A]' ,@path='c:\',@fname='Export2xls_ByProc.xls',@sheetname='员工名称'
结果确实是正宗的xls文件。
如果你是兼写程序的DBA，那么NPOI是你理想的选择，因为它是纯原生的不依赖于Office组件的开源第三方组件，它提供了一个“CreateExportDataTableSheetAndHeaderRow”方法可以让你方便的生成纯正的Excel，遗憾的是，目前好像只支持到Excel 2003。示例请看这儿（http://scottonwriting.net/sowblog/archive/2011/06/08/export-an-ado-net-datatable-to-excel-using-npoi.aspx）,该组件的源码：http://npoi.codeplex.com/
方法五：
protected Sheet CreateExportDataTableSheetAndHeaderRow(DataTable exportData, string sheetName, CellStyle headerRowStyle) { var sheet = this.Workbook.CreateSheet(EscapeSheetName(sheetName)); // Create the header row var row = sheet.CreateRow(0); for (var colIndex = 0; colIndex < exportData.Columns.Count; colIndex++) { var cell = row.CreateCell(colIndex); cell.SetCellValue(exportData.Columns[colIndex].ColumnName); if (headerRowStyle != null) cell.CellStyle = headerRowStyle; } return sheet; }
当然，如果你觉得以上方法门槛有点高，那么SSIS可能是你的首选，它的优势在于简单直观，并且可以导出为Excel2007格式。
只要在导出时选择第一行包含列名，即可。
方法六，使用SSIS
因为有人觉得界面过于繁琐，于是仿照导出向导的思路写了一个批处理，你可以修改为自己适合的内容：
@ECHO OFF
REM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REM Generic script for exporting data to file from SQL Server using a SQL query.
REM The resulting file will be tab separated with newline as the row delimiter.
REM A log file is generated and kept in case of an error or when in debug mode.
REM See command syntax for details.
REM
REM History:
REM 20120327 Lars Rönnbäck CREATED
REM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:constants
SET myCodePage=ACP
:variables
SET theQuery=%~1
SET theFile=%~2
SET theServer=%~3
SET theDebug=%~4
SET /a aRandomNumber=%random%%%1000
FO