学步园

     题目倒是简单，只不过要记录走过的路径和输出时候的特别格式让人很纠结。我使用指针记录父节点的数据，当找到解答的时候就根据指针反向遍历整个路径，并将路径上得节点压入栈中。在输出位置依据格式出栈输出即可。

#include <queue>
#include <stack>
using namespace std;
#include<stdio.h>
#include <memory.h>
#define N 105
char labyrinth[N][N];
int dir[4][2]={{1,0},{0,1},{-1,0},{0,-1}};
int visited[N][N];

struct Point
{
    int row,col;
    int time;
    Point* parent;
    friend bool operator == (const Point& a,const Point& b)
    {
        return a.row==b.row&&a.col==b.col; 
    }
    friend bool operator < (const struct Point& a,const struct Point& b)
    {
        return a.time>b.time;
    }
};
Point endPoint,startPoint;
stack<Point> pointStack;
Point pathArray[N*N];

int bfs()
{
    startPoint.col=startPoint.row=startPoint.time=0;
    priority_queue<Point> pointQueue;
    pointQueue.push(startPoint);
    int arrayLength=0;
    while(!pointQueue.empty())
    {
        pathArray[arrayLength]=pointQueue.top();
        pointQueue.pop();
        for (int i=0;i<4;i++)
        {
            int row=pathArray[arrayLength].row+dir[i][0];
            int col=pathArray[arrayLength].col+dir[i][1];
            if(row>endPoint.row||col>endPoint.col||row<0||col<0||
                visited[row][col]||labyrinth[row][col]=='X')
                continue;
            visited[row][col]=true;
            Point newPoint;
            newPoint.row=row;
            newPoint.col=col;
             newPoint.time=pathArray[arrayLength].time+1;
            if(labyrinth[row][col]!='.')
                newPoint.time+=(labyrinth[row][col]-'0');
            newPoint.parent=&pathArray[arrayLength];
            if(newPoint==endPoint)
            {
                //延迟时间，存入栈中
                Point* parent=&newPoint;
                while(parent!=NULL)
                {
                    pointStack.push(*parent);
                    parent=parent->parent;
                }
                return newPoint.time;
            }
            pointQueue.push(newPoint);
        }
        arrayLength++;
    }
    return 0;
}
int main()
{
    //freopen("Ignatius and the Princess I.txt","r",stdin);
    while(scanf("%d%d",&(endPoint.row),&(endPoint.col))!=EOF)
    {
        endPoint.row--;
        endPoint.col--;
        getchar();
        for (int i=0;i<=endPoint.row;i++)
            gets(labyrinth[i]);
        memset(visited,0,sizeof(visited));
        int timeCnt=bfs();
        if(timeCnt)
        {
            printf("It takes %d seconds to reach the target position, let me show you the way.\n",timeCnt);
            for (int i=1,cnt=1;cnt<=timeCnt;cnt++,i++)
            {
                Point tempPoint=pointStack.top();
                pointStack.pop();
                Point currentPoint=pointStack.top();
                printf("%ds:(%d,%d)->(%d,%d)\n",cnt,tempPoint.row,tempPoint.col,currentPoint.row,currentPoint.col);
                char a=labyrinth[currentPoint.row][currentPoint.col];
                if(a!='.')
                    for (int k=0;k<a-'0';k++)
                    {
                        cnt++;
                        printf("%ds:FIGHT AT (%d,%d)\n",cnt,currentPoint.row,currentPoint.col);
                    }    
            }
            pointStack.pop();
        }
        else
            printf("God please help our poor hero.\n");
        printf("FINISH\n");
    }
    return 0;
}