因为PC/SC是Windows的体系，以系统API的层面服务应用。所以一直以来智能卡相关的读卡器和工具都集中在Windows上，而在unix体系下则一直水土不服。值得庆幸的是随着开源组织M.U.S.C.L.E (Movment for the Use of Smart in Linux Environment)的积极努力下，pcsclite作为Xnix下的PC/SC设备框架和应用接口已经成为了事实上的标准，Mac的Lion系统更是已经在发行版里面集成了此服务。下面以ubuntu 12.0.4 发行版为例子。
#首先安装pcsc的守护进程pcscd和工具
sudo apt-get -y install libusb-dev
sudo apt-get -y install pcscd
#然后安装支持pcsc的读卡器驱动（例子为内置的ACR ACS38U，其它读卡器也可以到网站下载安装)
sudo apt-get -y install libacr38u
#连接读卡器，插卡后运行扫描工具验证安装结果
pcsc_scan
结果如下：
PC/SC device scanner
V 1.4.18 (c) 2001-2011, Ludovic Rousseau <ludovic.rousseau@free.fr>
Compiled with PC/SC lite version: 1.7.4
Using reader plug'n play mechanism
Scanning present readers...
0: ACS ACR38U 00 00
Thu Sep 20 12:55:08 2012
Reader 0: ACS ACR38U 00 00
Card state: Card inserted, Shared Mode,
ATR: 3B 1D 94 42 72 6F 61 64 54 68 69 6E 6B 69 00 00
ATR: 3B 1D 94 42 72 6F 61 64 54 68 69 6E 6B 69 00 00
+ TS = 3B --> Direct Convention
+ T0 = 1D, Y(1): 0001, K: 13 (historical bytes)
TA(1) = 94 --> Fi=512, Di=8, 64 cycles/ETU
62500 bits/s at 4 MHz, fMax for Fi = 5 MHz => 78125 bits/s
+ Historical bytes: 42 72 6F 61 64 54 68 69 6E 6B 69 00 00
Category indicator byte: 42 (proprietary format)
Possibly identified card (using /usr/share/pcsc/smartcard_list.txt):
NONE
Your card is not present in the database.
You can get the latest version of the database from
http://ludovic.rousseau.free.fr/softwares/pcsc-tools/smartcard_list.txt
or use: wget http://ludovic.rousseau.free.fr/softwares/pcsc-tools/smartcard_list.txt --output-document=/home/caesarzou/.smartcard_list.txt
If your ATR is still not in the latest version then please send a mail
to <ludovic.rousseau@free.fr> containing:
#到此为止，PC/SC驱动已经打通，现在我们试试发个APDU
sudo apt-get -y install pcsc-tools
gscriptor
这是一个图形界面的工具，在Script框里面输入:
00A4040000
点Run按钮，可以看到连接提示，然后就是结果：
Beginning script execution...
Sending: 00 A4 04 00 00
Received: 6C 12
Wrong length Le: should be 0x12
Script was executed without error...
#恭喜你，卡片访问成功，现在你一定心痒难耐，想创建你自己的应用了吧？
#安装开发库
sudo apt-get install libpcsclite-dev
#安装eclipse的cdt作为开发环境
sudo apt-get -y install g++
sudo apt-get -y install eclipse eclipse-cdt
#打开eclipse，新建一个C工程，在c文件中加入
#include <PCSC/winscard.h>
#链接到pcsclite库：在C/C++ build / GCC Linker / Libraries 增加 pcsclite
#现在你会幸福的发现，winscard.h里面提供的类型定义和接口和windows是一致的，我们从windows中拷贝一段代码过来：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <PCSC/winscard.h>
int main(void) {
SCARDCONTEXT m_hContext;
SCARDHANDLE m_hCard;
SCARD_IO_REQUEST io;
char pmszReaders[100];
BYTE CAPDU[] = {0x00,0xA4,0x04,0x00,0x00};
BYTE RAPDU[256+2];
DWORD cch = 100;
DWORD i = 0;
//Insert
if(SCARD_S_SUCCESS != SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_USER, NULL, NULL, &m_hContext))
{
printf("Context error");
return -1;
}
//List Reader
if(SCARD_S_SUCCESS != SCardListReaders(m_hContext, NULL, pmszReaders, &cch))
{
printf("List Reader error");
return -2;
}
printf("List Readers\n");
while(i<cch)
{
printf("%s\n",pmszReaders+i);
i += strlen(pmszReaders);
i ++;
}
//Connect first Reader
io.cbPciLength = sizeof(SCARD_IO_REQUEST);
if(SCARD_S_SUCCESS != SCardConnect(m_hContext, pmszReaders, SCARD_SHARE_SHARED, SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0|SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1, &m_hCard, &io.dwProtocol))
{
printf("Connect Card error");
return -3;
}
//Transmit APDU
cch = 256+2;
if(SCARD_S_SUCCESS != SCardTransmit(m_hCard, &io, CAPDU, 5, NULL, RAPDU, &cch))
{
printf("Transmit APDU error");
return -4;
}
//echo
printf("Transmit APDU\n");
printf("CAPDU: ");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
sprintf(pmszReaders,"%02X",CAPDU[i]);
printf("%s",pmszReaders);
}
printf("\n");
printf("RAPDU: ");
for(i=0;i<cch;i++)
{
sprintf(pmszReaders,"%02X",RAPDU[i]);
printf("%s",pmszReaders);
}
printf("\n");
//DisConnect
SCardDisconnect(m_hCard, SCARD_EJECT_CARD);
//Eject
SCardReleaseContext(m_hContext);
//puts("!!!Hello World!!!"); /* prints !!!Hello World!!! */
return 0;
}
#编译运行，输出：
List Readers
ACS ACR38U 00 00
Transmit APDU
CAPDU: 00A4040000
RAPDU: 6C12
大功告成！下一个攻略我会讲一下在ubuntu上基于JavaCard环境和工具的配置，敬请期待。
注：
ubuntu上libpcsclite的头文件默认位置在/usr/include/PCSC中，多了个目录，有的版本在编译的时候可能有#include 文件错误，可以自行修改如下：
sudo vim /usr/include/PCSC/winscard.h
将#include <pcsclite.h>修改为#include <PCSC/pcsclite>，保存退出
sudo vim /usr/include/PCSC/pcsclite.h
将#include <wintypes.h>修改为#include <PCSC/wintypes.h>，保存推出