学步园

在各种程序中，菜单的重要性不言而喻，没有菜单各种操作就无法进行，今天来讲解一下Android的菜单，android中菜单分为三种，分别是，options menu 选项菜单，sub menu 子菜单，context menu 上下文菜单。下面分别举例演示这三种菜单：

新建一个android project，

options menu，第一种方法，通过xml定义选项菜单，在res文件夹中新建一个名为menu的文件夹，在其内新建一个options_menu.xml的文件：

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1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><br /> 2. <menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" ><br /> 3.<br /> 4. <item<br /> 5. android:id="@+id/newFile"<br /> 6. android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"<br /> 7. android:title="@string/newFile"<br /> 8. /><br /> 9. <!-- android:icon 设置菜单选项的图标<br /> 10. android：title 设置菜单选项的标题 --><br /> 11. <item<br /> 12. android:id="@+id/exit"<br /> 13. android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"<br /> 14. android:title="@string/exit"<br /> 15. /><br /> 16.<br /> 17. </menu><br /> view plain<br /> 1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><br /> 2. <menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" ><br /> 3.<br /> 4. <item<br /> 5. android:id="@+id/newFile"<br /> 6. android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"<br /> 7. android:title="@string/newFile"<br /> 8. /><br /> 9. <!-- android:icon 设置菜单选项的图标<br /> 10. android：title 设置菜单选项的标题 --><br /> 11. <item<br /> 12. android:id="@+id/exit"<br /> 13. android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"<br /> 14. android:title="@string/exit"<br /> 15. /><br /> 16.<br /> 17. </menu><br />

在MenuTestActivity1中：

1. package cn.sword.activity;<br /> 2.<br /> 3. import android.app.Activity;<br /> 4. import android.os.Bundle;<br /> 5. import android.view.Menu;<br /> 6. import android.view.MenuInflater;<br /> 7. import android.view.MenuItem;<br /> 8. import android.view.MenuItem.OnMenuItemClickListener;<br /> 9. import android.widget.Toast;<br /> 10.<br /> 11. public class MenuTestActivity1 extends Activity implements OnMenuItemClickListener{<br /> 12. /** Called when the activity is first created. */<br /> 13. @Override<br /> 14. public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {<br /> 15. super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);<br /> 16. setContentView(R.layout.main);<br /> 17.<br /> 18. }<br /> 19.<br /> 20. @Override<br /> 21. public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {<br /> 22. MenuInflater inflater = this.getMenuInflater();<br /> 23. inflater.inflate(R.menu.options_menu, menu);<br /> 24. //第一种响应菜单点击事件的方法<br /> 25. //为每一个菜单选项添加监听事件<br /> 26. //在覆盖的onMenuItemClick（）方法中判断并触发监听事件<br /> 27. for(int i=0;i<menu.size();i++){<br /> 28. menu.getItem(i).setOnMenuItemClickListener((OnMenuItemClickListener) this);<br /> 29. }<br /> 30.<br /> 31. return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);<br /> 32. }<br /> 33.<br /> 34. /*第二种响应菜单点击事件的方法 覆盖onOptionsItemSelected（）方法<br /> 35. @Override<br /> 36. public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {<br /> 37. switch(item.getItemId()){<br /> 38. case R.id.newFile:<br /> 39. Toast.makeText(this,"new File", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();<br /> 40. break;<br /> 41. case R.id.exit:<br /> 42. this.finish();//退出程序<br /> 43. break;<br /> 44. }<br /> 45.<br /> 46. return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);<br /> 47. }*/<br /> 48.<br /> 49. public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item){<br /> 50. switch(item.getItemId()){<br /> 51. case R.id.newFile:<br /> 52. Toast.makeText(this, "new File", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();<br /> 53. break;<br /> 54. case R.id.exit:<br /> 55. this.finish();<br /> 56. }<br /> 57.<br /> 58. return false;<br /> 59. }<br /> 60.<br /> 61. }<br />

效果图：

optionsmenu，第二种方法，动态添加删除菜单

在MenuTestActivity2中：

<pre name="code" class="java">package cn.class3g.activity;<br /> import android.app.Activity;<br /> import android.os.Bundle;<br /> import android.view.Menu;<br /> import android.view.MenuInflater;<br /> import android.view.MenuItem;<br /> import android.widget.Toast; </p> <p>public class MenuTestActivity2 extends Activity {<br /> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//定义菜单项<br /> private static final int SAVE=1;<br /> private static final int SAVESAVE_AS = SAVE+1;<br /> private static final int DELETE = SAVE+2;<br /> //声明一个menu对象<br /> Menu menu = null;<br /> public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {<br /> super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);<br /> setContentView(R.layout.main);<br /> } </p> <p> public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {<br /> MenuInflater inflater = this.getMenuInflater();<br /> inflater.inflate(R.menu.options_menu, menu); </p> <p> //向菜单中添加菜单项<br /> menu.add(1, SAVE, 1, "保存");<br /> menu.add(1,SAVE_AS, 2, "另存为");<br /> menu.add(1,DELETE, 3, "删除保存");<br /> //设置菜单项的图标<br /> menu.findItem(SAVE).setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher); </p> <p> this.menu = menu; </p> <p> return true;<br /> } </p> <p> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//动态的修改菜单title<br /> int i=1;<br /> public boolean onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {<br /> MenuItem item = menu.findItem(SAVE_AS);<br /> item.setTitle(item.getTitle() + "" + i);<br /> i++;<br /> return super.onPrepareOptionsMenu(menu);<br /> }<br /> lt;span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//响应菜单单击事件<br /> public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {<br /> switch (item.getItemId()) { . case R.id.newFile:<br /> Toast.makeText(this, "new file", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();//利用Toast弹出文本信息<br /> break;<br /> case R.id.exit:<br /> // Toast.makeText(this, "exit", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();<br /> this.finish();//关闭Activity<br /> break;<br /> case DELETE:<pre name="code" class="html"><span style="white-space:pre">  

<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></span>//menu.removeGroup(1);//删除一组菜单<br /> menu.removeItem(SAVE_AS);//删除一个菜单break;}return true;

<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>}

<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>}

<p align="left">sub menu子菜单</p><p align="left">利用xml定义菜单参考options menu。</p><p align="left">动态的添加子菜单：</p><p align="left">在MenuTestActivity3中：</p><pre name="code" class="java">package cn.sword.activity; </p> <p>import android.app.Activity;<br /> import android.os.Bundle;<br /> import android.view.Menu;<br /> import android.view.MenuInflater;<br /> import android.view.MenuItem;<br /> import android.view.SubMenu;<br /> import android.widget.Toast; </p> <p>public class MenuTestActivity3 extends Activity {<br /> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//定义菜单项<br /> private static final int SUBMENU = 10;<br /> private static final int SUBITEM1 = SUBMENU+1;<br /> private static final int SUBITEM2 = SUBMENU+2;<br /> private static final int SUBITEM3 = SUBMENU+3; </p> <p> @Override<br /> protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {<br /> super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);<br /> this.setContentView(R.layout.main);<br /> } </p> <p> public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu){<br /> MenuInflater inflater = this.getMenuInflater();<br /> inflater.inflate(R.menu.sub_menu, menu);<br /> //添加子菜单<br /> SubMenu subMenu = menu.addSubMenu(1,SUBMENU,1,"子菜单");<br /> subMenu.add(20,SUBITEM1,1,"subitem1");<br /> subMenu.add(20,SUBITEM2,2,"subitem2");<br /> subMenu.add(30,SUBITEM3,3,"subitem3"); </p> <p> subMenu.setGroupCheckable(20, true, false);<br /> //第二个参数是否可选<br /> //当第三个参数为true时为这组菜单为互斥（单选）菜单<br /> //当第三个参数为false时为组菜单为复选菜单 </p> <p> MenuItem item = subMenu.getItem(0);<br /> //item.setCheckable(false);//设置该项菜单为单选或复选<br /> item.setChecked(true);//设置菜单的默认选项 </p> <p> //subMenu.getItem(0).setCheckable(true); </p> <p> return true;<br /> } </p> <p> @Override<br /> public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {<br /> switch(item.getItemId()){<br /> case R.id.menuitem1:<br /> Toast.makeText(this,"menuitem1", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();<br /> break;<br /> case R.id.menuitem2:<br /> Toast.makeText(this,"menuitem2", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();<br /> break;<br /> case R.id.subitem1:<br /> Toast.makeText(this,"subitem1", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();<br /> break;<br /> case R.id.subitem2:<br /> Toast.makeText(this,"subitem2", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();<br /> break;<br /> case SUBITEM1:<br /> Toast.makeText(this,"SUBITEM1", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();<br /> break;<br /> case SUBITEM2:<br /> Toast.makeText(this,"SUBITEM2", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();<br /> //this.finish();//退出程序<br /> break;<br /> } </p> <p> return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);<br /> }<br /> }<br />

在模拟器中点击Menu键：

单击子菜单：

context menu 上下文菜单：context menu需要绑定在TextView上并在其上按2s后显示。

在MenuTestActivity4中：