学步园

在使用paster quickstart命令创建了TurboGears 2.1工程目录后，让我们来看quickstart为我们创建了哪些文件和目录。

从上面的图里面可以看到，quickstart命令只创建了很少的文件。如果你挑两三个文件看一下内容，你会看到里面主要还是应用程序的框架，你可以在框架中填充代码构造你自己的web应用。

1、控制器

当浏览器（或者其他的HTTP客户端）向你的应用发出请求的时候控制器会被调用。

在helloworld/controllers目录中你会看到很多的控制器文件。

root.py 是我们第一个要介绍的文件，这个文件默认会接受所有的HTTP请求，然后根据请求的内容调用相应的函数。你可以通过设置特定的路由修改默认设置，不过通常情况下不需要这么做。

控制器的函数

控制器是你应用程序的神经中枢。他除了了所有的HTTP请求。控制器相应请求之后会调用其他的TurboGears组件，包括模板引擎、存储层等，来完成请求的响应。

When the TurboGears server receives an HTTP request, the requested URL is mapped as a call to your controller code located in controllers.py. Page names map to functions within the controller class.

For example:

Quick Example

Here’s a simple example of the TG2.

Suppose using tg-admin quickstart you generate a TurboGears project named “HelloWorld”. Your default controller code would be created in the fileHelloWorld/helloworld/controllers/root.py.

Modify the default controllers.py to read as follows:

"""Main Controller"""
from helloworld.lib.base import BaseController
from tg import expose, flash
from pylons.i18n import ugettext as _
#from tg import redirect, validate
#from helloworld.model import DBSession

class RootController(BaseController):

     @expose()
     def index(self):
         return "<h1>Hello World</h1>"

     @expose()
     def default(self, *args, **kw):
         return "This page is not ready"

 

When you load the root URL http://localhost:8080/index in your web browser, you’ll see a page with the message “Hello World” on it.

root.py

Let’s take a look at the RootController:

class RootController(BaseController):
    """
    The root controller for the my-intranet application.

    All the other controllers and WSGI applications should be mounted on this
    controller. For example::

        panel = ControlPanelController()
        another_app = AnotherWSGIApplication()

    Keep in mind that WSGI applications shouldn't be mounted directly: They
    must be wrapped around with :class:`tg.controllers.WSGIAppController`.

    """
    secc = SecureController()
    admin = Catwalk(model, DBSession)
    error = ErrorController()

    @expose('my_intranet.templates.index')
    def index(self):
        """Handle the front-page."""
        return dict(page='index')

    @expose('my_intranet.templates.about')
    def about(self):
        """Handle the 'about' page."""
        return dict(page='about')

    @expose('my_intranet.templates.authentication')
    def auth(self):
        """Display some information about auth* on this application."""
        return dict(page='auth')

    @expose('my_intranet.templates.index')
    @require(predicates.has_permission('manage', msg=l_('Only for managers')))
    def manage_permission_only(self, **kw):
        """Illustrate how a page for managers only works."""
        return dict(page='managers stuff')

    @expose('my_intranet.templates.index')
    @require(predicates.is_user('editor', msg=l_('Only for the editor')))
    def editor_user_only(self, **kw):
        """Illustrate how a page exclusive for the editor works."""
        return dict(page='editor stuff')

    @expose('my_intranet.templates.login')
    def login(self, came_from=url('/')):
        """Start the user login."""
        login_counter = request.environ['repoze.who.logins']
        if login_counter > 0:
            flash(_('Wrong credentials'), 'warning')
        return dict(page='login', login_counter=str(login_counter),
                    came_from=came_from)

    @expose()
    def post_login(self, came_from=url('/')):
        """
        Redirect the user to the initially requested page on successful
        authentication or redirect her back to the login page if login failed.

        """
        if not request.identity:
            login_counter = request.environ['repoze.who.logins'] + 1
            redirect(url('/login', came_from=came_from, __logins=login_counter))
        userid = request.identity['repoze.who.userid']
        flash(_('Welcome back, %s!') % userid)
        redirect(came_from)

    @expose()
    def post_logout(self, came_from=url('/')):
        """
        Redirect the user to the initially requested page on logout and say
        goodbye as well.

        """
        flash(_('We hope to see you soon!'))
        redirect(came_from)

There are a couple obvious differences from the simplistic example above:

Most of the expose() calls point to a specific template file.

We mount the SecureController, AdminController, etc in secc, admin, by instantiating them in RootController