Windows下查找纯文本文件中的字符串 - 命令findstr简介
很多情况下，大家都有这样的感受：Windows资源管理器中的搜索功能形同虚设，根本起不到搜索的作用。这里，我给大家推荐一个相当给力的命令findstr - 强大的功能足以满足你搜索纯文本文件里的任何内容，并且打印出字符串所在文件，所在行，甚至行号。下面是findstr的使用说明和一些使用的实际例子：
findstr使用说明
findstr /?
Searches for strings in files.
FINDSTR [/B] [/E] [/L] [/R] [/S] [/I] [/X] [/V] [/N] [/M] [/O] [/P] [/F:file]
[/C:string] [/G:file] [/D:dir list] [/A:color attributes] [/OFF[LINE]]
strings [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]]
/B Matches pattern if at the beginning of a line.
/E Matches pattern if at the end of a line.
/L Uses search strings literally.
/R Uses search strings as regular expressions.
/S Searches for matching files in the current directory and all
subdirectories.
/I Specifies that the search is not to be case-sensitive.
/X Prints lines that match exactly.
/V Prints only lines that do not contain a match.
/N Prints the line number before each line that matches.
/M Prints only the filename if a file contains a match.
/O Prints character offset before each matching line.
/P Skip files with non-printable characters.
/OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set.
/A:attr Specifies color attribute with two hex digits. See "color /?"
/F:file Reads file list from the specified file(/ stands for console).
/C:string Uses specified string as a literal search string.
/G:file Gets search strings from the specified file(/ stands for console).
/D:dir Search a semicolon delimited list of directories
strings Text to be searched for.
[drive:][path]filename
Specifies a file or files to search.
Use spaces to separate multiple search strings unless the argument is prefixed
with /C. For example, 'FINDSTR "hello there" x.y' searches for "hello" or
"there" in file x.y. 'FINDSTR /C:"hello there" x.y' searches for
"hello there" in file x.y.
Regular expression quick reference:
. Wildcard: any character
* Repeat: zero or more occurrences of previous character or class
^ Line position: beginning of line
$ Line position: end of line
[class] Character class: any one character in set
[^class] Inverse class: any one character not in set
[x-y] Range: any characters within the specified range
\x Escape: literal use of metacharacter x
\<xyz Word position: beginning of word
xyz\> Word position: end of word
For full information on FINDSTR regular expressions refer to the online Command
Reference.
findstr 使用示例：
Example 1: 在Tomcat的logs目录下查找包含Catalina的所有log文件
findstr /R ".*Catalina.*" *
localhost_admin_log.2009-03-18.txt:2009-03-18 12:30:08 StandardContext[/admin]action: Tree expand/contract on Catalina:t
ype=Service,serviceName=Catalina
localhost_admin_log.2009-03-18.txt:2009-03-18 12:30:08 StandardContext[/admin]action: Found Node: Catalina:type=Service,
serviceName=Catalina
localhost_admin_log.2009-03-18.txt:2009-03-18 12:30:10 StandardContext[/admin]action: Tree expand/contract on Catalina:t
ype=Host,host=localhost
/R 表示把给定的搜索字符串作为正则表达式来看待。默认情况下，输出的结果内容的格式为：文件名:目标字符串所在行。如果要打印出行号，需要加上/N 选项：
findstr /R/N ".*Catalina.*" *
localhost_admin_log.2009-03-18.txt:2:2009-03-18 12:30:08 StandardContext[/admin]action: Tree expand/contract on Catalina
:type=Service,serviceName=Catalina
localhost_admin_log.2009-03-18.txt:3:2009-03-18 12:30:08 StandardContext[/admin]action: Found Node: Catalina:type=Servic
e,serviceName=Catalina
localhost_admin_log.2009-03-18.txt:5:2009-03-18 12:30:10 StandardContext[/admin]action: Tree expand/contract on Catalina
:type=Host,host=localhost
如果想把搜索的结果存入到文件中，使用导向符号>，后面跟上文件名：
findstr /R/N ".*Catalina.*" * > result.txt
使用导向符>会覆盖文件中旧的内容；如果不想覆盖旧的内容，使用导向符>>
Example 2: 在Tomcat的logs目录下 查找以2009-03-18
12开头的所有log内容
findstr /N /C:"2009-03-18 12" *
localhost_admin_log.2009-03-18.txt:9:2009-03-18 12:30:13 StandardContext[/admin]action: Found Node: Catalina:j2eeType=We
bModule,name=//localhost/jforum-2.1.8,J2EEApplication=none,J2EEServer=none
localhost_admin_log.2009-03-18.txt:10:2009-03-18 12:30:16 StandardContext[/admin]action: Entered TreeControlTestAction:p
erform()
localhost_admin_log.2009-03-18.txt:11:2009-03-18 12:30:16 StandardContext[/admin]action: tree param is null
这里，我们用/C:"2009-03-18 12"指定所查找的字符串。因为，如果不用/C:的话，findstr 会用空格来分隔字符串，然后所有包含用空格分隔开的子串的文件。也就是说，默认情况下，空格起OR的作用。
Example 3: 在Tomcat的logs目录下 查找不包含StandardContext的所有log内容，并且将结果log文件名和行号显示为蓝色。
findstr /N/V/A:09 "StandardContext" *
选项 /V 表示在结果中显示不包含指定字符串的行及所在文件；选项 /A:attr 可以控制显示结果的颜色。
findstr 的其他用法，这里就不一一列举了。值得一提的是 findstr 的运行速度很快，即使是搜索几十兆的大文件也不在话下。从一个139M的文件中，查找位于文件末尾的字符串所需的时间大概为18秒。
findstr使用说明
findstr /?
Searches for strings in files.
FINDSTR [/B] [/E] [/L] [/R] [/S] [/I] [/X] [/V] [/N] [/M] [/O] [/P] [/F:file]
[/C:string] [/G:file] [/D:dir list] [/A:color attributes] [/OFF[LINE]]
strings [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]]
/B Matches pattern if at the beginning of a line.
/E Matches pattern if at the end of a line.
/L Uses search strings literally.
/R Uses search strings as regular expressions.
/S Searches for matching files in the current directory and all
subdirectories.
/I Specifies that the search is not to be case-sensitive.
/X Prints lines that match exactly.
/V Prints only lines that do not contain a match.
/N Prints the line number before each line that matches.
/M Prints only the filename if a file contains a match.
/O Prints character offset before each matching line.
/P Skip files with non-printable characters.
/OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set.
/A:attr Specifies color attribute with two hex digits. See "color /?"
/F:file Reads file list from the specified file(/ stands for console).
/C:string Uses specified string as a literal search string.
/G:file Gets search strings from the specified file(/ stands for console).
/D:dir Search a semicolon delimited list of directories
strings Text to be searched for.
[drive:][path]filename
Specifies a file or files to search.
Use spaces to separate multiple search strings unless the argument is prefixed
with /C. For example, 'FINDSTR "hello there" x.y' searches for "hello" or
"there" in file x.y. 'FINDSTR /C:"hello there" x.y' searches for
"hello there" in file x.y.
Regular expression quick reference:
. Wildcard: any character
* Repeat: zero or more occurrences of previous character or class
^ Line position: beginning of line
$ Line position: end of line
[class] Character class: any one character in set
[^class] Inverse class: any one character not in set
[x-y] Range: any characters within the specified range
\x Escape: literal use of metacharacter x
\<xyz Word position: beginning of word
xyz\> Word position: end of word
For full information on FINDSTR regular expressions refer to the online Command
Reference.
findstr 使用示例：
Example 1: 在Tomcat的logs目录下查找包含Catalina的所有log文件
findstr /R ".*Catalina.*" *
localhost_admin_log.2009-03-18.txt:2009-03-18 12:30:08 StandardContext[/admin]action: Tree expand/contract on Catalina:t
ype=Service,serviceName=Catalina
localhost_admin_log.2009-03-18.txt:2009-03-18 12:30:08 StandardContext[/admin]action: Found Node: Catalina:type=Service,
serviceName=Catalina
localhost_admin_log.2009-03-18.txt:2009-03-18 12:30:10 StandardContext[/admin]action: Tree expand/contract on Catalina:t
ype=Host,host=localhost
/R 表示把给定的搜索字符串作为正则表达式来看待。默认情况下，输出的结果内容的格式为：文件名:目标字符串所在行。如果要打印出行号，需要加上/N 选项：
findstr /R/N ".*Catalina.*" *
localhost_admin_log.2009-03-18.txt:2:2009-03-18 12:30:08 StandardContext[/admin]action: Tree expand/contract on Catalina
:type=Service,serviceName=Catalina
localhost_admin_log.2009-03-18.txt:3:2009-03-18 12:30:08 StandardContext[/admin]action: Found Node: Catalina:type=Servic
e,serviceName=Catalina
localhost_admin_log.2009-03-18.txt:5:2009-03-18 12:30:10 StandardContext[/admin]action: Tree expand/contract on Catalina
:type=Host,host=localhost
如果想把搜索的结果存入到文件中，使用导向符号>，后面跟上文件名：
findstr /R/N ".*Catalina.*" * > result.txt
使用导向符>会覆盖文件中旧的内容；如果不想覆盖旧的内容，使用导向符>>
Example 2: 在Tomcat的logs目录下 查找以2009-03-18
12开头的所有log内容
findstr /N /C:"2009-03-18 12" *
localhost_admin_log.2009-03-18.txt:9:2009-03-18 12:30:13 StandardContext[/admin]action: Found Node: Catalina:j2eeType=We
bModule,name=//localhost/jforum-2.1.8,J2EEApplication=none,J2EEServer=none
localhost_admin_log.2009-03-18.txt:10:2009-03-18 12:30:16 StandardContext[/admin]action: Entered TreeControlTestAction:p
erform()
localhost_admin_log.2009-03-18.txt:11:2009-03-18 12:30:16 StandardContext[/admin]action: tree param is null
这里，我们用/C:"2009-03-18 12"指定所查找的字符串。因为，如果不用/C:的话，findstr 会用空格来分隔字符串，然后所有包含用空格分隔开的子串的文件。也就是说，默认情况下，空格起OR的作用。
Example 3: 在Tomcat的logs目录下 查找不包含StandardContext的所有log内容，并且将结果log文件名和行号显示为蓝色。
findstr /N/V/A:09 "StandardContext" *
选项 /V 表示在结果中显示不包含指定字符串的行及所在文件；选项 /A:attr 可以控制显示结果的颜色。
findstr 的其他用法，这里就不一一列举了。值得一提的是 findstr 的运行速度很快，即使是搜索几十兆的大文件也不在话下。从一个139M的文件中，查找位于文件末尾的字符串所需的时间大概为18秒。