亲测机型: Thinkpad T420(爱机)
1, 下载镜像文件: debian-testing-amd64-DVD-1.iso
axel -a http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/weekly-builds/amd64/iso-dvd/
2, 制作U盘安装盘:
cat debian-testing-amd64-DVD-1.iso > /dev/sdx
3, 默认安装的是gnome桌面, 如果想安装别的桌面环境可以在安装过程中不选择安装桌面环境.
只安装base系统, 完成后,重启，再安装需要的桌面环境(以kde为例).
4, 安装kde:
- 将debian-testing-amd64-DVD-1.iso拷贝到U盘, 或者移动硬盘...
- 手动挂载该U盘(当然要用root)
mount /dev/sdx /media/xxx
- 找到系统镜像在U盘上的位置, e.g.
/media/xxx/system-img/debian-testing-amd64-DVD-1.iso
- 创建一个cdrom软链接到"/dev/"
ln -s /media/xxx/system-img/debian-testing-amd64-DVD-1.iso /dev/sr0
(如果之前有sr0先将其mv为sr1,
不用担心, 重启后就恢复了)
- 把镜像文件作为源(安装DVD里的kde而不是通过网络, 这样要快很多)
apt-cdrom add
- 安装kde桌面环境
apt-get update apt-get install task-kde-desktop
- 安装中文环境(显示语言还是e文，如果要中文显示在settings里面), 安装后就能正常显示中文(否则好多乱码);
也会安装fcitx输入法(个人感觉在debian下比ibus好用)
task-chinese-s-desktop - Simplified Chinese desktop kde-l10n-zhcn - Chinese Simplified (zh_CN) localization files for KDE task-chinese-s - Simplified Chinese environment task-chinese-s-kde-desktop - Simplified Chinese KDE desktop
- 重启后进入kde桌面环境
5, 更改更新源/etc/apt/sources.list
## 163 #deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy main contrib non-free #deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy main non-free contrib #deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy-proposed-updates main contrib non-free #deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy-proposed-updates main contrib non-free ## china deb http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ wheezy main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ wheezy main contrib non-free deb http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ wheezy-proposed-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ wheezy-proposed-updates main contrib non-free deb http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ wheezy-backports main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ wheezy-backports main contrib non-free # debian security updates deb http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib deb-src http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib # multimedia deb http://deb-multimedia.org wheezy main non-free # virtualbox deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian wheezy contrib
6, multimedia source warning ?
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 1F41B907
7, 修改用户
在文件/etc/sudoers中添加一行, 如下:
username ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
8, 安装邮件客户端icedove(其实就是thunderbird, 因为商标问题, 在debian下porting为这个)
apt-get install icedove icedove-l10n-zh-cn
p.s. 以前备份的thunderbird或者icedove邮件直接拷贝到~/.icedove/xxxx.default/Mail就可以了
我在备份的时候发现要先创建账户, 然后把自动生成的~/.icedove/xxxx.default/Mail用之前备份的替换掉才可以.
9, virtualBox
- 上面包含了virtualbox的源, apt-get update后直接apt-get install virtualbox-4.2
- 修改"Default Machine Folder", 直接在 "~/.VirtualBox/VirtualBox.xml" 中修改默认路径(VirtualBox VMs)
- 装完virtualbox无法挂载u盘（等外设），在/etc/group里修改用户组，如下：
vboxusers:x:121:username
10, cannot found wifi firmware ?
apt-get install firmware-iwlwifi
11, wifi驱动
Use this source code, just do follow:make sudo make uninstall sudo make installp.s. You can also get it from http://www.realtek.com.tw/
[Note]:- Cannot build ?- Pls try to do this:1, apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r) # 第2步可能不需要了，但是很久以前装wheezy wifi驱动的时候需要这一步 # 如果第一步结束后可以make，就不要ln了 2, ln -s /usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r)/ /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build12, thinkpad 中键滑屏设置
add code below into /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-thinkpad.conf (creat this file)
Section "InputClass" Identifier "Trackpoint Wheel Emulation" MatchProduct "TPPS/2 IBM TrackPoint|DualPoint Stick|Synaptics Inc. Composite TouchPad / TrackPoint|ThinkPad USB Keyboard with TrackPoint|USB Trackpoint pointing device" MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*" Option "EmulateWheel" "true" Option "EmulateWheelButton" "2" Option "Emulate3Buttons" "false" Option "XAxisMapping" "6 7" Option "YAxisMapping" "4 5" EndSectionMore info:
http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/How_to_configure_the_TrackPoint#GPointing_Device_Settingshttp://wiki.debian.org/InstallingDebianOn/Thinkpad/Trackpoint
13, cannot mount removeable storage after install debian via usb ? (无法挂载u盘、移动硬盘？)
用u盘安装系统的时候, 系统在/etc/fstab里设置了sdb*的权限, 如下:
将这几行删掉就好了./dev/sr0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /media/usb0 auto rw,user,noauto 0 0 /dev/sdb2 /media/usb1 auto rw,user,noauto 0 0
Details-> http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=612119
p.s
因为安装系统之前u盘就已经attach到pc上了，所以，出于安全的考虑需要设置它们的权限（如同要设置硬盘的权限一样）。但对用户来说却成了一个bug。
14, upgrade from wheezy to sid:
[Note]:我是直接从testing更新到unstable的, 如果你安装的stable就要先更新到testing.a) 把wheezy的/etc/apt/sources.list更新到sid ## china deb http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ sid main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ sid main contrib non-free # multimedia deb http://deb-multimedia.org sid main non-free # Bumblebee deb http://suwako.nomanga.net/debian sid main contrib deb-src http://suwako.nomanga.net/debian sid main b) apt-get update c) apt-get dist-upgrade d) reboot15, install adobe flash player
howto install: apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree howto udate: update-flashplugin-nonfree --install
Details-> http://wiki.debian.org/FlashPlayer16, Nivdia Optimus for linux(省电技术)
a) Add archive key to apt keyring. Run as root: wget -O - http://suwako.nomanga.net/suwako.asc | apt-key add - b) Update your sources.list configuration. Either add the following to /etc/apt/sources.list or to new file at /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ directory: deb http://suwako.nomanga.net/debian sid main contrib deb-src http://suwako.nomanga.net/debian sid main c) apt-get update d) apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia e) Add yourself to bumblebee group. Run as root, replace $USER with your username: adduser $USER bumblebee f) rebootDetails:
https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/wiki/Install-and-usage
https://wiki.debian.org/Bumblebee
http://suwako.nomanga.net/17, disable Nepomuk/Strigi Server(这货相当占cpu和内存, 禁掉后无异常)
system settings -> desktop search -> Just disable it,
Details-> http://www.ikde.org/tech/kde-tech-nepomuk/
18, install new kernel from aptosid.
a) update /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://debian.tu-bs.de/project/aptosid/debian/ sid main fix.main b) apt-get update c) aptosid source warning ? apt-get install aptosid-archive-keyring d) apt-get install linux-image-3.8-8.slh.1-aptosid-amd64 e) reboot19, 双系统(debian sid + windows)时间不对 ?
文件/etc/adjtime:
UTC -> LOCAL
20, touchpad tap not work(触摸板单击不工作)
apt-get install synaptics在/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/synaptics.conf添加如下代码：
Section "InputClass" Identifier "Touchpad" # required MatchIsTouchpad "yes" # required Driver "synaptics" # required Option "MinSpeed" "0.5" Option "MaxSpeed" "1.0" Option "AccelFactor" "0.075" Option "TapButton1" "1" Option "TapButton2" "2" # multitouch Option "TapButton3" "3" # multitouch Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1" # multitouch Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1" # multitouch Option "VertEdgeScroll" "1" Option "CoastingSpeed" "8" Option "CornerCoasting" "1" Option "CircularScrolling" "1" Option "CircScrollTrigger" "7" Option "EdgeMotionUseAlways" "1" Option "LBCornerButton" "8" # browser "back" btn Option "RBCornerButton" "9" # browser "forward" btn EndSectionMore details -> http://wiki.debian.org/SynapticsTouchpad
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