1.getpid()获得调用进程的ID pid_t getpid (void); 2.getppid()获得调用进程的父ID pid_t getppid (void); 3.exec()启动进程 int execl (const char *path, const char *arg, ...); int execlp (const char *file, const char *arg, ...); int execle (const char *path, const char *arg, ..., char * const envp[]); int execv (const char *path, char *const argv[]); int execvp (const char *file, char *const argv[]); int execve (const char *filename, char *const argv[], char *const envp[]); 4.fork()克隆进程 pid_t fork (void); 5.vfork() pid_t vfork (void); 6.exit()终止进程 void exit (int status); 7.atexit()注册进程终止前调用的函数 int atexit (void (*function)(void)); 8.wait()等待进程终止，返回进程信息 pid_t wait (int *status); 9.waitpid()等待特定子进程 pid_t waitpid (pid_t pid, int *status, int options); 10.waitid()等待特定子进程 int waitid (idtype_t idtype, id_t id, siginfo_t *infop, int options); 11.system()创建并等待一个新进程 int system (const char *command); 12.改变实际用户ID/组ID和保存设置的用户ID/组ID int setuid (uid_t uid); int setgid (gid_t gid); 13.改变有效用户ID/组ID int seteuid (uid_t euid); int setegid (gid_t egid); 14.获取实际用户ID/组ID uid_t getuid (void); gid_t getgid (void); 15.获取有效用户ID/组ID uid_t geteuid (void); gid_t getegid (void); 16.setsid()创建新的会话 pid_t setsid (void); 17.getsid()获取会话ID pid_t getsid (pid_t pid); 18.daemon()创建守护进程 int daemon (int nochdir, int noclose);