Android 的系统属性包括两部分：文件保存的持久属性和每次开机导入的cache属性。前者主要保存在下面几个文件中：
bionic/libc/include/sys/_system_properties.h
2
#define PROP_PATH_RAMDISK_DEFAULT "/default.prop"
3
#define PROP_PATH_SYSTEM_BUILD "/system/build.prop"
4
#define PROP_PATH_SYSTEM_DEFAULT "/system/default.prop"
5
#define PROP_PATH_LOCAL_OVERRIDE "/data/local.prop"
后者则通过frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/SystemProperties.java的接口定义，
2 private static native String native_get(String key, String def);
3 private static native void native_set(String key, String def);
4 public static void set(String key, String val) {
5 if (key.length() > PROP_NAME_MAX) {
6 throw new IllegalArgumentException("key.length > " + PROP_NAME_MAX);
7 }
8 if (val != null && val.length() > PROP_VALUE_MAX) {
9 throw new IllegalArgumentException("val.length > " +
10 PROP_VALUE_MAX);
11 }
12 native_set(key, val);
13 }
该接口类在初始化运行环境中注册对应的cpp接口android_os_SystemProperties.cpp，实际操作通过JNI调用的是cpp文件对应的接口：
frameworks/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp
2 extern int register_android_os_SystemProperties(JNIEnv *env);
3 }
frameworks/base/core/jni/android_os_SystemProperties.cpp
2 {
3 int err;
4 const char* key;
5 const char* val;
6 key = env->GetStringUTFChars(keyJ, NULL);
7 if (valJ == NULL) {
8 val = ""; /* NULL pointer not allowed here */
9 } else {
10 val = env->GetStringUTFChars(valJ, NULL);
11 }
12 err = property_set(key, val);
13 env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(keyJ, key);
14 if (valJ != NULL) {
15 env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(valJ, val);
16 }
17 }
设置key的value时，需要作鉴权，根据设置程序所在进程的fd获知uid值，比如system server进程可以设置net打头的key，不可以设置gsm打头的key，相关的定义如下：
system/core/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h
2 #define AID_SYSTEM 1000 /* system server */
3 #define AID_RADIO 1001 /* telephony subsystem, RIL */
4 #define AID_DHCP 1014 /* dhcp client */
5 #define AID_SHELL 2000 /* adb and debug shell user */
6 #define AID_CACHE 2001 /* cache access */
7 #define AID_APP 10000 /* first app user */
system/core/init/property_service.c
2 struct {
3 const char *prefix;
4 unsigned int uid;
5 } property_perms[] = {
6 { "net.rmnet0.", AID_RADIO },
7 { "net.gprs.", AID_RADIO },
8 { "ril.", AID_RADIO },
9 { "gsm.", AID_RADIO },
10 { "net.dns", AID_RADIO },
11 { "net.usb0", AID_RADIO },
12 { "net.", AID_SYSTEM },
13 { "dev.", AID_SYSTEM },
14 { "runtime.", AID_SYSTEM },
15 { "hw.", AID_SYSTEM },
16 { "sys.", AID_SYSTEM },
17 { "service.", AID_SYSTEM },
18 { "wlan.", AID_SYSTEM },
19 { "dhcp.", AID_SYSTEM },
20 { "dhcp.", AID_DHCP },
21 { "debug.", AID_SHELL },
22 { "log.", AID_SHELL },
23 { "service.adb.root", AID_SHELL },
24 { "persist.sys.", AID_SYSTEM },
25 { "persist.service.", AID_SYSTEM },
26 { NULL, 0 }
27 };
28 int property_set(const char *name, const char *value)
29 {
30 property_changed(name, value);
31 return 0;
32 }
33 int start_property_service(void)
34 {
35 int fd;
36
37 load_properties_from_file(PROP_PATH_SYSTEM_BUILD);
38 load_properties_from_file(PROP_PATH_SYSTEM_DEFAULT);
39 load_properties_from_file(PROP_PATH_LOCAL_OVERRIDE);
40 /* Read persistent properties after all default values have been loaded. */
41 load_persistent_properties();
42
43 fd = create_socket(PROP_SERVICE_NAME, SOCK_STREAM, 0666, 0, 0);
44 if(fd < 0) return -1;
45 fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
46 fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
47
48 listen(fd, 8);
49 return fd;
50 }
51 void handle_property_set_fd(int fd)
52 {
53 switch(msg.cmd) {
54 case PROP_MSG_SETPROP:
55 msg.name[PROP_NAME_MAX-1] = 0;
56 msg.value[PROP_VALUE_MAX-1] = 0;
57
58 if(memcmp(msg.name,"ctl.",4) == 0) {
59 if (check_control_perms(msg.value, cr.uid)) {
60 handle_control_message((char*) msg.name + 4, (char*) msg.value);
61 } else {
62 ERROR("sys_prop: Unable to %s service ctl [%s] uid: %d pid:%d/n",
63 msg.name + 4, msg.value, cr.uid, cr.pid);
64 }
65 } else {
66 if (check_perms(msg.name, cr.uid)) {
67 property_set((char*) msg.name, (char*) msg.value);
68 } else {
69 ERROR("sys_prop: permission denied uid:%d name:%s/n",
70 cr.uid, msg.name);
71 }
72 }
73 break;
74
75 default:
76 break;
77 }
78 }
在开机启动后的init操作中，会执行一个loop循环，当检测到有新的设置时，进入设置流程，鉴权失败会提示相关的异常，如sys_prop: permission denied uid:1000 name:gsm.phone.id
system/core/init/init.c
2 {
3 if (property_triggers_enabled) {
4 queue_property_triggers(name, value);
5 drain_action_queue();
6 }
7 }
8 int main(int argc, char **argv)
9 {
10 parse_config_file("/init.rc");
11 qemu_init();
12 device_fd = device_init();
13 property_init();
14 fd = open(console_name, O_RDWR);
15 property_set_fd = start_property_service();
16 ufds[0].fd = device_fd;
17 ufds[0].events = POLLIN;
18 ufds[1].fd = property_set_fd;
19 ufds[1].events = POLLIN;
20 ufds[2].fd = signal_recv_fd;
21 ufds[2].events = POLLIN;
22 fd_count = 3;
23 for(;;) {
24 if (ufds[0].revents == POLLIN)
25 handle_device_fd(device_fd);
26
27 if (ufds[1].revents == POLLIN)
28 handle_property_set_fd(property_set_fd);
29 if (ufds[3].revents == POLLIN)
30 handle_keychord(keychord_fd);
31 }
32 return 0;
33 }
OVER！
android源码开发中，常常要用到一些全局标志或者说变量，这时候我们可以给android系统添加自己想要的属性。
1.Settings.system
这种系统属性我们经常用到，例如飞行模式的开启和关闭，我们就是去改变Settings.system.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON 的值。
下面就介绍下我们怎样去定义一个系统属性。例如要添加一个属性名为“SILVAN_LIU”
路径：frameworks/base/core/java/android/provider/Settings.java
- public static final String SILVAN_LIU = "silvan_liu";
- public static final String[] SETTINGS_TO_BACKUP ={
- ~
- +SILVAN_LIU
- ~
- }
这样添加后，你就是可以通过Settings.System.getInt(getContentResolver(), Settings.System.SILVAN_LIU,0) 和Settings.System.getInt(getContentResolver(), Settings.System.SILVAN_LIU,0)去得到和设定SILVAN_LIU的属性值。
2.SystemProperties
创建与修改android属性用Systemproperties.set(name, value)，获取android属性用Systemproperties.get(name)，需要注意的是android属性的名称是有一定的格式要求的，如下： 前缀必须用system\core\init\property_service.c中定义的前缀 ，进行系统属性设置的程序也必须有system或root权限
如果我们要添加一个property：例如：silvan_liu
路径：system/core/rootdir/int.rc
在on post-fs-data 目录下
setprop
persist.sys.silvan_liu
1//persist.sys 前缀名； 1为初始值
PS:不同前缀名权限不同，这里就不一一说明；还有为什么要加载on post-fs-data目录下，这和int.rc的语法有关。