XPath 轴
翻译：Linyupark / 2006-03-24
The XML Example Document
XML举例文档
We will use the following XML document in the examples below.
我么将使用该XML文档进行下面的举例说明
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<bookstore>
<book> <title lang="eng">Harry Potter</title> <price>29.99</price> </book>
<book> <title lang="eng">Learning XML</title> <price>39.95</price> </book>
</bookstore>
XPath Axes
XPath轴
An axis defines a node-set relative to the current node.
轴定义了相对于当前节的节集
| 轴名 | 结果 |
| ancestor | Selects all ancestors (parent, grandparent, etc.) of the current node[选择了当前节的所有祖（父，祖父，等等）] |
| ancestor-or-self | Selects all ancestors (parent, grandparent, etc.) of the current node and the current node itself[选择当前节的所有祖并且还有当前节自己] |
| attribute | Selects all attributes of the current node[选择所有当前节的属性] |
| child | Selects all children of the current node[选择所有当前节的子] |
| descendant | Selects all descendants (children, grandchildren, etc.) of the current node[选择所有当前节的孙（子，孙子，等等）] |
| descendant-or-self | Selects all descendants (children, grandchildren, etc.) of the current node and the current node itself[选择当前节的所有孙以及它本身] |
| following | Selects everything in the document after the closing tag of the current node[选择所有在关闭当前节标签后的所有内容] |
| following-sibling | Selects all siblings after the current node[选择所有当前节后的兄] |
| namespace | Selects all namespace nodes of the current node[选择所有当前节的命名空间] |
| parent | Selects the parent of the current node[选择当前节的父] |
| preceding | Selects everything in the document that is before the start tag of the current node[选择当前节之前的所有内容] |
| preceding-sibling | Selects all siblings before the current node[选择所有当前节之前的兄] |
| self | Selects the current node[选择当前节] |
Location Path Expression
路径表达试定位
A location path can be absolute or relative.
定位路径可以是绝对的也可以是相对的
An absolute location path starts with a slash ( / ) and a relative location path does not. In both cases the location path consists of one or more steps, each separated by a slash:
绝对定位的路径由(/)开始，而相对定位就不这样。定位的路径由一个或多个步骤所组成，每部分由(/)相分隔：
An absolute location path:
/step/step/...
A relative location path:
step/step/...
Each step is evaluated against the nodes in the current node-set.
在当前的节集中每步的赋值是逆向的
A step consists of:
- an axis (defines the tree-relationship between the selected nodes and the current node)
- a node-test (identifies a node within an axis)[在轴中鉴定节]
- zero or more predicates (to further refine the selected node-set)[0个或多个谓语可以来更好的选择节]
The syntax for a location step is:
定位的语法
axisname::nodetest[predicate]
Examples
实例
| Example | 结果 |
| child::book | Selects all book nodes that are children of the current node[选择当前节点下所有为book的子节点] |
| attribute::lang | Selects the lang attribute of the current node[选择当前节点下所有属性为lang的内容] |
| child::* | Selects all children of the current node[选择当前节下所有的子节] |
| attribute::* | Selects all attributes of the current node[选择当前节所有的属性] |
| child::text() | Selects all text child nodes of the current node[选择当前节点所有子节点的文字] |
| child::node() | Selects all child nodes of the current node[选择所有当前节点的子节点] |
| descendant::book | Selects all book descendants of the current node[选择当前节点所有为book的孙节点] |
| ancestor::book | Selects all book ancestors of the current node[选择所有当前祖节点为book的节点] |
| ancestor-or-self::book | Selects all book ancestors of the current node - and the current as well if it is a book node[当前节点和其祖节点为book的节点] |
| child::*/child::price | Selects all price grandchildren of the current node[当前节点所有含price的孙子节点] |