以下示例说明如何使用 System.IO 命名空间中的 System.IO.File、System.IO.Directory、System.IO.FileInfo 和 System.IO.DirectoryInfo 类以同步方式复制、移动和删除文件和文件夹。这些示例没有提供进度栏或其他任何用户界面。如果您想提供一个标准进度对话框,请参见如何:提供文件操作进度对话框(C# 编程指南)。
- // Simple synchronous file copy operations with no user interface.
- // To run this sample, first create the following directories and files:
- // C:/Users/Public/TestFolder
- // C:/Users/Public/TestFolder/test.txt
- // C:/Users/Public/TestFolder/SubDir/test.txt
- public class SimpleFileCopy
- {
- static void Main()
- {
- string fileName = "test.txt";
- string sourcePath = @"C:/Users/Public/TestFolder";
- string targetPath = @"C:/Users/Public/TestFolder/SubDir";
- // Use Path class to manipulate file and directory paths.
- string sourceFile = System.IO.Path.Combine(sourcePath, fileName);
- string destFile = System.IO.Path.Combine(targetPath, fileName);
- // To copy a folder's contents to a new location:
- // Create a new target folder, if necessary.
- if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(targetPath))
- {
- System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(targetPath);
- }
- // To copy a file to another location and
- // overwrite the destination file if it already exists.
- System.IO.File.Copy(sourceFile, destFile, true);
- // To copy all the files in one directory to another directory.
- // Get the files in the source folder. (To recursively iterate through
- // all subfolders under the current directory, see
- // "How to: Iterate Through a Directory Tree.")
- // Note: Check for target path was performed previously
- // in this code example.
- if (System.IO.Directory.Exists(sourcePath))
- {
- string[] files = System.IO.Directory.GetFiles(sourcePath);
- // Copy the files and overwrite destination files if they already exist.
- foreach (string s in files)
- {
- // Use static Path methods to extract only the file name from the path.
- fileName = System.IO.Path.GetFileName(s);
- destFile = System.IO.Path.Combine(targetPath, fileName);
- System.IO.File.Copy(s, destFile, true);
- }
- }
- else
- {
- Console.WriteLine("Source path does not exist!");
- }
- // Keep console window open in debug mode.
- Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
- Console.ReadKey();
- }
- }
- // Simple synchronous file move operations with no user interface.
- public class SimpleFileMove
- {
- static void Main()
- {
- string sourceFile = @"C:/Users/Public/public/test.txt";
- string destinationFile = @"C:/Users/Public/private/test.txt";
- // To move a file or folder to a new location:
- System.IO.File.Move(sourceFile, destinationFile);
- // To move an entire directory. To programmatically modify or combine
- // path strings, use the System.IO.Path class.
- System.IO.Directory.Move(@"C:/Users/Public/public/test/", @"C:/Users/Public/private");
- }
- }
下面的示例演示如何删除文件和目录。
- // Simple synchronous file deletion operations with no user interface.
- // To run this sample, create the following files on your drive:
- // C:/Users/Public/DeleteTest/test1.txt
- // C:/Users/Public/DeleteTest/test2.txt
- // C:/Users/Public/DeleteTest/SubDir/test2.txt
- public class SimpleFileDelete
- {
- static void Main()
- {
- // Delete a file by using File class static method...
- if(System.IO.File.Exists(@"C:/Users/Public/DeleteTest/test.txt"))
- {
- // Use a try block to catch IOExceptions, to
- // handle the case of the file already being
- // opened by another process.
- try
- {
- System.IO.File.Delete(@"C:/Users/Public/DeleteTest/test.txt");
- }
- catch (System.IO.IOException e)
- {
- Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
- return;
- }
- }
- // ...or by using FileInfo instance method.
- System.IO.FileInfo fi = new System.IO.FileInfo(@"C:/Users/Public/DeleteTest/test2.txt");
- try
- {
- fi.Delete();
- }
- catch (System.IO.IOException e)
- {
- Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
- }
- // Delete a directory. Must be writable or empty.
- try
- {
- System.IO.Directory.Delete(@"C:/Users/Public/DeleteTest");
- }
- catch (System.IO.IOException e)
- {
- Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
- }
- // Delete a directory and all subdirectories with Directory static method...
- if(System.IO.Directory.Exists(@"C:/Users/Public/DeleteTest"))
- {
- try
- {
- System.IO.Directory.Delete(@"C:/Users/Public/DeleteTest", true);
- }
- catch (System.IO.IOException e)
- {
- Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
- }
- }
- // ...or with DirectoryInfo instance method.
- System.IO.DirectoryInfo di = new System.IO.DirectoryInfo(@"C:/Users/Public/public");
- // Delete this dir and all subdirs.
- try
- {
- di.Delete(true);
- }
- catch (System.IO.IOException e)
- {
- Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
- }
- }
- }