2007-07-21
今天把vivi编译了一下，顺便解决了几个问题。算是初步工作吧，下一步打算读vivi的源代码，然后改造一下，最后争取自己完成一个小的bootloader。
准备工作（这些都是基于EDUKIT-III教学平台，虽然开发工具上有些不同，但是原理和流程上是相同的。相信理解了嵌入式系统开发流程之后，对这些就会有很清晰的认识）：
1）下载Nand_Prog.ide.bin到nor flash。这步工作是为烧写nand flash做准备的。为什么不利用仿真器直接烧写nand
flash呢？理解了JTAG的原理后，对这步工作不难理解。nand flash和nor flash是不同的，nand
flash的烧写需要ECC 算法等，比较复杂。现在的这个仿真器不支持，所以就不能利用JTAG来直接烧写了。当然，如果在仿真器支持软件中加入对nand
flash烧写的支持，这步工作就省去了。就我所知，国内foxICE已经可以支持直接烧写nand flash了。
2）开发环境
还是windowsXP+VMware+redhat
9。原来学习at91rm9200的时候，开发环境都已经搭建好了，开发工具也比较齐全。
3）目标
移植好的vivi能支持从nand
flash启动，测试内置的命令正常，利用开发板原来的内核映象和文件系统能够跑起来。vivi毕竟是一个比较小巧的bootloader，功能有限，使用上可能有不方便的地方，所以，可以考虑在此基础上，读源代码，然后增加tftp下载功能。
开始工作
1）下载vivi
我使用EDUKIT-III光盘中提供的vivi-20060929.tar.gz。解压不必细说，下面就开始修改。下面的修改方案是基于网上帖子，因为还没有仔细分析源代码，所以有些地方还不能理解清晰，这里的移植是为了获得直观的印象，如果要想得到技术水平的提升，那还是得深入分析vivi源代码，看看这一切究竟是如何完成的。
2）修改Makefile
因为国内大部分S3C2410的设计都是抄袭smdk2410，所以vivi的移植相对来说，工作量很小，只需要更改开发工具的几个宏就可以了。当然，如果想要增加功能，则改动可能会大一点。
只要更改如下：
LINUX_INCLUDE_DIR -- 更改为交叉编译器的include文件夹
CROSS_COMPILE -- 交叉编译器的可执行文件的路径
ARM_GCC_LIBS -- 交叉编译器的lib库文件的路径
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################## Modified Start ####################################
# Data :
2007-07-21
#
Modified by Liu Qingmin <piaoxiangxinling@163.com>
#
# change
this to point to the Linux include directory
#
#
orginal setup
#LINUX_INCLUDE_DIR = /opt/host/armv4l/include/
# my
setup
LINUX_INCLUDE_DIR = /usr/local/arm/2.95.3/include
################# Modified End ######################################
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################## Modified Start ####################################
# Data :
2007-07-21
#
Modified by Liu Qingmin <piaoxiangxinling@163.com>
#
orginal setup
#CROSS_COMPILE = /opt/host/armv4l/bin/armv4l-redhat-linux-
#CROSS_COMPILE = /opt/host/armv4l/bin/armv4l-unknown-linux-
# my
setup
CROSS_COMPILE = /usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-
################# Modified End ######################################
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################## Modified Start ####################################
# Data :
2007-07-21
#
Modified by Liu Qingmin <piaoxiangxinling@163.com>
#
#
Location of the gcc arm libs.
#
#
orginal setup
#ARM_GCC_LIBS = /opt/host/armv4l/lib/gcc-lib/armv4l-unknown-linux/2.95.2
#ARM_GCC_LIBS = /opt/host/armv4l/lib/gcc-lib/armv4l-redhat-linux/2.95.3
# my
setup
ARM_GCC_LIBS = /usr/local/arm/2.95.3/lib/gcc-lib/arm-linux/2.95.3
################# Modified End ######################################
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这些都比较简单。
3）修改arch/s3c2410/smdk.c
主要是修改nand flash分区信息。
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#ifdef
CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT
mtd_partition_t default_mtd_partitions[] =
{
{
name: "vivi", /* 128K, 1-8
sector */
offset: 0,
size: 0x00020000,
flag: 0
},
{
name: "param", /* 64K, 9-12
sector */
offset:
0x00020000,
size: 0x00010000,
flag: 0
}, {
name:
"kernel", /* 2M+832K, 12-192 setctor */
offset: 0x00030000,
size:
0x002d0000,
flag: 0
},
{
name: "root", /* 29M, 193-2048
sector */
offset:
0x00300000,
size: 0x01d00000,
flag: MF_BONFS
}
};
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这里遇到了bon分区与mtd分区的疑惑，在分析vivi源代码时在深入分析。上面文件配置的只是mtd分区，这个可以用part show来查看。
4）编译烧写
写个简单的批处理脚本procedure。以便后续工作的方便。【后来发现，vivi本身就提供了这样的操作，所以这个小的脚本是没有必要编写的。这一点会在Makefile分析时给出】
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[root@lqm vivi]# cat
procedure
#!/bin/sh
make myboard_config &&
make oldconfig && make vivi && cp
-f vivi /mnt/hgfs/common/
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烧写vivi，正常。但是蜂鸣器一直在响。于是想在vivi中添加代码，关掉蜂鸣器，同时利用开发板上的四个指示灯做一个跑马灯的小程序。于是修改arch/s3c2410/head.S:
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@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ Modified Start
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
mov r0, #10 @ rotate 10 times
loop:
mov r2,
#0xdf @ D1205 led on
str r2, [r1,
#oGPIO_DAT]
bl delay
mov r2,
#0x7f @ D1207 led on
str r2, [r1,
#oGPIO_DAT]
bl delay
mov r2,
#0xef @ D1204 led on
str r2, [r1,
#oGPIO_DAT]
bl delay
mov r2,
#0xbf @ D1206 led on
str r2, [r1,
#oGPIO_DAT]
bl delay
subs r0, r0,
#1
bne loop
mov r2,
#0x0f @ all leds on
str r2, [r1,
#oGPIO_DAT]
@ buzzer
off
ldr r1, =0x56000010 @ GPBCON
ldr r2, =0x155559
str r2, [r1]
ldr r2, =0x7ff
str r2, [r1, #8]
orr r2, r2,
#0x01 @ buzzer off when high
voltage(PWM1)
str r2, [r1, #4]
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ Modified End
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
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/*
*
subroutines
*/
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ Modified Start
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@
@ led delay
@
delay:
ldr r3, =0x00080000
wait:
subs r3, r3,
#1
bne wait
mov pc,
lr
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ Modified End
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
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通过source insight查看代码，可以分析出第一条打印信息的来源init/version.c。这样，just for
fun，可以添加自己的启动信息。主要的参数都是有Makefile来完成的，读一下Makefile的代码，不难发现。
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[root@lqm init]# cat
version.c
/*
* vivi/lib/version.c
*/
#include "version.h"
#include "compile.h"
const char
*vivi_banner =
"/n/r/t/t^_^ Well done, boy! Go on -->
/n/r/n/r"
"VIVI
version " VIVI_RELEASE " ("
VIVI_COMPILE_BY "@"
VIVI_COMPILE_HOST
") (" VIVI_COMPILER ") " UTS_VERSION "/n/r";
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【注：这里还有个小问题。就是在这里添加的时候，/n/r要合起来用，不能只用/n。原因如下：
计算机还没有出现之前，有一种叫做电传打字机（Teletype Model
33）的玩意，每秒钟可以打10个字符。但是它有一个问题，就是打完一行换行的时候，要用去0.2秒，正好可以打两个字符。要是在这0.2秒里面，又有新的字符传过来，那么这个字符将丢失。
于是，研制人员想了个办法解决这个问题，就是在每行后面加两个表示结束的字符。一个叫做“回车”，告诉打字机把打印头定位在左边界；另一个叫做“换行”，告诉打字机把纸向下移一行。
这就是“换行”和“回车”的来历，从它们的英语名字上也可以看出一二。
后来，计算机发明了，这两个概念也就被般到了计算机上。那时，存储器很贵，一些科学家认为在每行结尾加两个字符太浪费了，加一个就可以。于是，就出现了分歧。Unix
系统里，每行结尾只有“<换行>”，即“/n”；Windows系统里面，每行结尾是“<换行><回车>”，即“/
n/r”；Mac系统里，每行结尾是“<回车>”。一个直接后果是，Unix/Mac系统下的文件在Windows里打开的话，所有文字会变成一行；而Windows里的文件在Unix/Mac下打开的话，在每行的结尾可能会多出一个^M符号。
这几个地方我都遇到过，不过一直没有搞清楚。现在才算是找到根源了。】
添加完成，重新执行procedure。完成烧写，测试如下：
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^_^ Well done, Go on -->
VIVI version 0.1.4 (root@lqm)
(gcc version 2.95.3 20010315
(release)) #0.1.4 日 7月 22 10:15:15 CST
2007
MMU table base address =
0x33DFC000
Succeed memory mapping.
NAND device: Manufacture ID: 0xec, Chip
ID: 0x75 (Samsung KM29U256T)
Could not
found stored vivi parameters. Use default vivi parameters.
Press Return to start the LINUX now, any other
key for vivi
type "help" for
help.
vivi> part show
mtdpart info. (4
partitions)
name offset size
flag
------------------------------------------------
vivi :
0x00000000 0x00020000 0 128k
param :
0x00020000 0x00010000 0 64k
kernel :
0x00030000 0x002d0000 0 2M+832k
root
: 0x00300000 0x01d00000 4 29M
vivi>
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然后执行bon分区：
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vivi> bon part 0 192K 3M
doing partition
offset = 0
flag =
0
offset = 196608
flag = 0
offset = 3145728
flag = 0
check bad block
part = 0 end =
196608
part = 1 end = 3145728
part = 2 end =
33554432
part0:
offset = 0
size = 196608
bad_block = 0
part1:
offset = 196608
size = 2949120
bad_block = 0
part2:
offset = 3145728
size = 30392320
bad_block = 0
vivi>
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重新烧写vivi，注意这个时候不要断电。
|
vivi> load flash vivi x
Ready for downloading using xmodem...
Waiting...
正在开始 xmodem 传输。 按 Ctrl+C 取消。
正在传输 vivi...
100% 67
KB 6 KB/s 00:00:10 0
错误
Downloaded file at 0x30000000, size = 69376
bytes
Found block size =
0x00014000
Erasing... ... done
Writing... ...
done
Written 69376 bytes
vivi>
|
检查分区情况：
|
vivi> part show
mtdpart info. (4
partitions)
name offset size
flag
------------------------------------------------
vivi :
0x00000000 0x00020000 0 128k
param :
0x00020000 0x00010000 0 64k
kernel :
0x00030000 0x002d0000 0 2M+832k
root
: 0x00300000 0x01d00000 4 29M
vivi> bon part show
BON info. (3
partitions)
No: offset size flags bad
---------------------------------------------
0:
0x00000000 0x00030000 00000000 0 192k
1:
0x00030000 0x002d0000 00000000 0 2M+832k
2:
0x00300000 0x01cfc000 00000000 0 28M+1008k
vivi>
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其中，part show显示的是mtd分区信息，跟smdk.c文件的配置相同。bon part
show显示的bon分区信息，注意到最后一个分区少了一个扇区16K，因为bon命令把bon分区信息表存储在最后一个扇区了。
烧写内核映象和文件系统：
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vivi> load flash kernel x
Ready for downloading using xmodem...
Waiting...
正在开始 xmodem 传输。 按 Ctrl+C 取消。
正在传输 zImage...
100%
646 KB 7 KB/s 00:01:25 0
错误
Downloaded file at 0x30000000, size =
661760 bytes
Found block size =
0x000a4000
Erasing... ... done
Writing... ...
done
Written 661760 bytes
vivi>
?
^_^ Well
done, Go on -->
VIVI version 0.1.4 (root@lqm)
(gcc version 2.95.3 20010315
(release)) #0.1.4 日 7月 22 10:15:15 CST
2007
MMU table base address =
0x33DFC000
Succeed memory mapping.
NAND device: Manufacture ID: 0xec, Chip
ID: 0x75 (Samsung KM29U256T)
Found saved vivi parameters.
Press Return to start the LINUX now, any other
key for vivi
Copy linux kernel from 0x00030000 to
0x30008000, size = 0x002d0000 ... done
zImage magic = 0x016f2818
Setup linux parameters at
0x30000100
linux command line is: "noinitrd
root=/dev/bon/2 init=/linuxrc console=ttyS0"
MACH_TYPE = 193
NOW,
Booting Linux......
Uncompressing Linux............................................... done,
booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.4.18-rmk7-pxa1
(root@lqm) (gcc version
2.95.3
20010315 (release)) #1 Fri Jul 20 15:12:44 CST
2007
CPU: ARM/CIRRUS Arm920Tsid(wb) revision
0
Machine: Embest EduKit II (S3C2410x)
On node 0 totalpages: 16384
zone(0): 16384 pages.
zone(1): 0 pages.
zone(2): 0 pages.
Kernel command line: noinitrd
root=/dev/bon/2 init=/linuxrc console=ttyS0
DEBUG: timer count
15626
Console: colour dummy device
80x30
Calibrating delay loop... 99.94 BogoMIPS
Memory: 64MB = 64MB
total
Memory: 62880KB available (1229K code,
296K data, 60K init)
Dentry-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
Buffer-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Page-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX
Linux
NET4.0 for Linux 2.4
Based upon Swansea University Computer
Society NET3.039
Initializing RT netlink
socket
CPU clock =
200.000 Mhz, HCLK =
100.000 Mhz, PCLK =
50.000 Mhz
Starting kswapd
devfs: v1.10 (20020120)
Richard Gooch (rgooch@atnf.csiro.au)
devfs:
boot_options: 0x1
ttyS%d0 at I/O
0x50000000 (irq = 52) is a
S3C2410
ttyS%d1 at I/O 0x50004000 (irq = 55) is a S3C2410
ttyS%d2 at I/O
0x50008000 (irq = 58) is a
S3C2410
Console: switching to colour
frame buffer device 30x40
Installed S3C2410 frame buffer
pty: 256 Unix98 ptys configured
s3c2410-ts initialized
S3C2410 Real Time
Clock Driver v0.1
block:
128 slots per queue, batch=32
eth0:
cs8900 rev K(3.3 Volts)
found at 0xd0000300
cs89x0 media RJ-45, IRQ
37
NAND device: Manufacture ID: 0xec, Chip
ID: 0x75 (Samsung KM29U256T)
bon0:
00000000-00030000 (00030000)
00000000
bon1: 00030000-00300000 (002d0000)
00000000
bon2: 00300000-01ffc000 (01cfc000)
00000000
NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
IP Protocols: ICMP,
UDP, TCP, IGMP
IP:
routing cache hash table of 512 buckets,
4Kbytes
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
NET4:
Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux
NET4.0.
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.95 (c) 1998-1999
Rebel.com
cramfs: wrong magic
FAT: bogus logical sector size 65535
Kernel
panic: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on 61:02
vivi> load flash root x
Ready for downloading using xmodem...
Waiting...
正在开始 xmodem 传输。 按 Ctrl+C 取消。
正在传输 root.cramfs...
100%
1104 KB 7 KB/s 00:02:22 0
错误
Downloaded file at 0x30000000, size =
1130496 bytes
Found block size =
0x00114000
Writing... size = 1130496
bad_block = 0
...
done
Written 1130496 bytes
vivi>
vivi>
^_^ Well done, Go
on -->
VIVI version 0.1.4 (root@lqm)
(gcc version 2.95.3 20010315
(release)) #0.1.4 日 7月 22 10:15:15 CST
2007
MMU table base address =
0x33DFC000
Succeed memory mapping.
NAND device: Manufacture ID: 0xec, Chip
ID: 0x75 (Samsung KM29U256T)
Found saved vivi parameters.
Press Return to start the LINUX now, any other
key for vivi
Copy linux kernel from 0x00030000 to
0x30008000, size = 0x002d0000 ... done
zImage magic = 0x016f2818
Setup linux parameters at
0x30000100
linux command line is: "noinitrd
root=/dev/bon/2 init=/linuxrc console=ttyS0"
MACH_TYPE = 193
NOW,
Booting Linux......
Uncompressing Linux............................................... done,
booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.4.18-rmk7-pxa1
(root@lqm) (gcc version
2.95.3
20010315 (release)) #1 Fri Jul 20 15:12:44 CST
2007
CPU: ARM/CIRRUS Arm920Tsid(wb) revision
0
Machine: Embest EduKit II (S3C2410x)
On node 0 totalpages: 16384
zone(0): 16384 pages.
zone(1): 0 pages.
zone(2): 0 pages.
Kernel command line: noinitrd
root=/dev/bon/2 init=/linuxrc console=ttyS0
DEBUG: timer count
15626
Console: colour dummy device
80x30
Calibrating delay loop... 99.94 BogoMIPS
Memory: 64MB = 64MB
total
Memory: 62880KB available (1229K code,
296K data, 60K init)
Dentry-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
Buffer-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Page-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX
Linux
NET4.0 for Linux 2.4
Based upon Swansea University Computer
Society NET3.039
Initializing RT netlink
socket
CPU clock =
200.000 Mhz, HCLK =
100.000 Mhz, PCLK =
50.000 Mhz
Starting kswapd
devfs: v1.10 (20020120)
Richard Gooch (rgooch@atnf.csiro.au)
devfs:
boot_options: 0x1
ttyS%d0 at I/O
0x50000000 (irq = 52) is a
S3C2410
ttyS%d1 at I/O 0x50004000 (irq = 55) is a S3C2410
ttyS%d2 at I/O
0x50008000 (irq = 58) is a
S3C2410
Console: switching to colour
frame buffer device 30x40
Installed S3C2410 frame buffer
pty: 256 Unix98 ptys configured
s3c2410-ts initialized
S3C2410 Real Time
Clock Driver v0.1
block:
128 slots per queue, batch=32
eth0:
cs8900 rev K(3.3 Volts)
found at 0xd0000300
cs89x0 media RJ-45, IRQ
37
NAND device: Manufacture ID: 0xec, Chip
ID: 0x75 (Samsung KM29U256T)
bon0:
00000000-00030000 (00030000)
00000000
bon1: 00030000-00300000 (002d0000)
00000000
bon2: 00300000-01ffc000 (01cfc000)
00000000
NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
IP Protocols: ICMP,
UDP, TCP, IGMP
IP:
routing cache hash table of 512 buckets,
4Kbytes
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
NET4:
Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux
NET4.0.
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.95 (c) 1998-1999
Rebel.com
VFS: Mounted root (cramfs filesystem).
Mounted
devfs on /dev
Freeing init memory: 60K
mount /etc as ramfs
re-create the /etc/mtab
entries
init started: BusyBox v1.00 (2005.06.09-02:02+0000)
multi-call binary
Starting pid 17, console /dev/console:
'/etc/init.d/rcS'
Embest Embedded
Linux Development Paltform.
Default board ip: 192.192.192.190
To
change the ip addr: ifconfig eth0
new_board_ip
Start the web server:
http://(board_ip)/index.htm
To connect the NFS server, please type like:
mkdir /etc/var/nfs
mount -t nfs nfs_server_ip:/home/app /etc/var/nfs -o nolock
To use the USB disc(insert first), please type
like:
mount /dev/sda /mnt/udisk
_OR_ mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/udisk
Please press Enter to activate this
console.
Starting pid 42, console /dev/console:
'/bin/sh'
~ # ls
bin
etc linuxrc proc tmp var
dev lib mnt sbin usr
~ #
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一切正常。
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