学步园

from:http://www.brandonsavage.net/installing-php-5-3-on-ubuntu/

With the release of PHP 5.3 to the world, I
wanted to be one of the first to try it. The problem is that the
typical package managers for Ubuntu won’t include PHP 5.3 for some time
– perhaps as long as a year. This is a problem, since I really want to
try PHP’s latest and greatest features for myself.

The problem is, there seems to be a lack of clear, coherent
instructions online about compiling PHP on Ubuntu from source. Either
it’s so insanely simple that anyone who does it figures everyone else
knows how, or everyone relies on the pre-built binaries released by the
world that any time I search for “Ubuntu PHP source” I get “why don’t
you just use the built-in package manager?” And so, I wanted to write a
set of instructions for how I configured and compiled PHP, on Ubuntu
Jaunty.

For the most part we’ll use standard out-of-the-box packages that
Ubuntu provides. Since the features I’m looking for are in PHP 5.3, I’m
fine with having slightly outdated packages for other software as long
as they’re compatible with PHP 5.3.

1 Install Apache.

The first step is to install Apache. You can feel free to use your
own web server, but for this example I opted for Apache based on the
simplicity of installing PHP as an Apache module. This command should
also install the development tools, which PHP will need to properly
configure itself for Apache.

2. Install MySQL and PostgreSQL

Most people use MySQL, but almost all PHP installations seem to have
PostgreSQL installed as well. I think it’s always good to keep your
options open, and you might take a look at Postgres at some point. If
you opt not to install Postgres, that’s fine; just alter your configure
statement to exclude it.

3. Install required libraries

PHP itself is very easy to configure and install. However, if you
want to get the most out of it you’ll need to install the dependency
libraries it uses for various functions like mcrypt and gd. This can be
the most challenging part of installing PHP; many hours can be spent
issuing a configure command only to have it fail, have to install
another library, and repeat the process.

These libraries are the libraries that were needed to install the
options in the configure statement below. You may need more or fewer
libraries depending on your individual needs and desires.

4. Download the PHP Source Code

Visit http://www.php.net
and download the latest version of PHP 5.3. The following commands may be helpful:

5. Configure.

Change your working directory to the unpacked PHP source code. Execute the following command.

Edit: Many commenters suggested using the –prefix=PREFIX
directive to place your PHP files and limit the potential problems
should you decide to remove or replace PHP. This is a good idea.

The screen should scroll quickly as it does a check of the files and
libraries it will need for compiling, and, if everything is installed
correctly, it will build the makefiles for the next step. If it fails,
it will give you an error message (usually related to a missing
library) and tell you to try again.

6. Make & Make Install

In order to have PHP installed, we have to first compile it from the
source code. This involves the compiler accessing the libraries it
needs. Once compiled, we’ll be able to install it. The first command in
this process is easy enough:

There will once again be a lot of information on your screen. Take
your time, go for a walk. This takes a bit of time, and the more you
compile into PHP the longer the process takes. PHP is an advanced,
complicated language, so be patient.

Once it completes successfully, you should see a warning to run
“make test”. You may run this, though you don’t have to at this stage.

The final step in the PHP compilation process is invoking the installer.

Why do we use -i on the installer? Ubuntu uses an unusual
configuration for Apache which causes the installer not to know how to
install PHP properly. This will produce a fatal error and cause the
install to stop. The -i flag tells it to ignore the errors; we’ll set
up Apache to use PHP 5.3 next.

7. Add the PHP Module to Apache

In order to have PHP run as a part of the web server, we’ll need to
create a module for it. This is typically done automatically, but due
to the unusual setup of the Ubuntu Apache installation, we’ll have to
do it ourselves.

First, change directories:

Create a new file called php5.load and paste the following line into it:

Save that file. Now create another file called php5.conf and paste the following into it:

Now we’re all set! We just need to enable the module and restart Apache:

8. Test the PHP Installation

Now we just need to see that PHP is in fact installed!

First let’s check the PHP binary:

If you get output similar to the above, your PHP installation is
correct. Note that the point release may be different since these
directions were written; however, you should see PHP 5.3.x as the
version.

Next, let’s get the info from PHP to see what’s installed. Find your
webroot, create (or edit) an index.php file and add the following:

Type the URL of your web server into the browser and you should see something that looks like this: