我似乎很ENJOY拿FLASH 和其他的技术比来比去，把各自的优缺点全部摊到桌面上说清楚，其实目的也很简单，说服自己继续关注flash，为什么对flash这么有信心呢？其实也很简单：首先没有多少人会写flash缺点一览，再其次即使写的也不大令人信服。
再和大家一起来看看Flash技术在建站方面的优缺点吧，了然于胸之后，就可以很自由的在各种技术之间抉择了。
下面是我对Daniel童鞋的大作的讨论，我的言论会用蓝色标出
Flash Websites: the Pros and Cons
Flash is a tool which enables designers and developers to build amazing sites (as you'll have seen
). However it isn’t always easy to create or manage a Flash site. We’re going to discuss the pros and cons of doing so.
The Pros: Graphics 优点：图形
Animation:动画
Flash is a great animation tool, you can use tweens and/or frame by frame animation to create animations. These days jQuery
can create some nifty animations
(click on the links for transitions), but I doubt that jQuery would be
capable of creating a transition similar to the ones found on Davi-T’s website
.
动画上的优点似乎是毋庸置疑的，除了电影级别的动画，你能够想到的动画似乎都是Flash做的，拿Jquery在html里写动画？别开玩笑了
3D:
Since the advent of Flash CS4 it is possible to work in 3D (well,
sort of) the 3D in Flash CS4 allows you to move objects around in 3D
space, however these objects won’t have depth. Luckily there are
several ActionScript libraries which are capable of creating some
amazing 3D graphics. Just look at the Papervision3D site
. There are of course other libraries than Papervision3D
, like Away3D
and FIVe3D
.
3D么，通过阿凡达地球人都知道了么，不过正如Daniel所说，或者说Player10.1为止还不支持完整的3D，现在的3D要通过第三方库，如PV3D获得，我想要不了几个版本，Flash应该也会支持TRUE 3D了， 当然是要GPU加速过的， 所以那个时候这些第三方库的人们是不是统统搬到Adobe去呢？
(Web)Camera and Microphone interaction:网络摄像头和麦克风交互
With Flash it’s not that difficult to access the webcam and/or
microphone. If we’d want to use either of those, Flash would be the
easiest (online) solution.
摄像头，耳麦的访问。 对于多媒体应用，对于未来的增强现实应用，这些设备必不可少， HTML5？到时候会有这些标签么？
Browser consistency浏览器兼容性--
If you have ever developed an HTML / CSS site, you have probably
encountered browser inconsistencies. Luckily Flash sites don’t have any
inconsistencies throughout browsers, there are actually only two things
necessary to get a Flash site working. The browser must have the
(correct) Flash Player Plugin installed and ideally JavaScript should
be enabled (actually JavaScript is not necessary to get Flash working,
however JavaScript is often used in combination with Flash, like
SWFObject and SWFAddress).
写过HTML网页程序的童鞋都知道什么是痛苦的浏览器兼容性，但是对于用flash编写的网页应用程序来说，一般没有这个问题，FLASH在各个浏览器上工作都很稳定
So is this is a big problem? Not really. Adobe states on their site that content for Flash Player reaches 99% of internet-enabled desktops
. And W3Schools states that in January 2008 only 5% had JavaScript disabled
.
Over the years this amount has been decreasing consistently. It’s safe
to say that a vast majority of users will be able to use your Flash
site, and we’ll discuss later how to make your site usable for people
without the Flash Player Plugin and/or JavaScript.
Luckily there’s a solution to this, namely SWFObject. SWFObject is a
JavaScript script which is able to display an alternative content to
people who don’t have the (correct) Flash Player plugin, we’ll discuss
SWFObject more thoroughly during the SEO part of this article.
话说如果关闭了JS会导致一些问题，因为FLASH总是和JS用在一起，怎么说呢？就是嵌入Flash内容会用到JS代码，这也就是随后要提到的浏览器嵌入不兼容性
The cons: Browser Inconsistency浏览器嵌入标签不兼容性
Ok, sorry guys, I haven’t mentioned one small browser inconsistency.
Because of a patent ruling, plug-ins which are loaded by the use of
<embed>, <applet> and/or <object> tags are only
interactive after the user clicks on them. Now this actually only seems
to happen in Internet Explorer, meaning that in IE your Flash site
won’t be able to respond to the user before it has been activated.
Again SWFObject can help us remove this click-to-activate behavior.
By simply embedding a Flash movie with SWFObject, the click to activate
behavior disappears. On Kirupa
there’s a great tutorial
explaining how to use SWFObject to solve the embedding problem.
不同的浏览器厂家为自己的浏览器提出了嵌入第三方应用程序的方法，由于浏览器是五花八门，因此这些标签也就五花八门了。当初要是就一个浏览器那该多好！当然对于不同的浏览器应用不同的标签，这也是可以做到的么，直观的想法就是在网页装载的时候检测浏览器的类型，然后通过JS装载相应的兼容的代码段，嗯嗯，所有的解决方案其实也就是围绕着这一点做文章么
Content Management 内容管理
With any site that you run or own, you'll want the freedom to manage
the content within it. The most important thing is that you go dynamic
;
load your content externally so you're free to change it as often as is
necessary. Use static text fields only if you’re sure you’ll never
change the text inside those fields.
It's very common to store your content in an XML file, then within
your Flash site you’ll load this XML file and display its contents.
Here an example, we have our XML file named content.xml:
<root>
<bio>
Hi there my name's Daniel.
</bio>
</root>
Then we could access its contents inside Flash with a script like the following:
//create our text field
var bio_text:TextField = new TextField();
bio_text.width=400;
bio_text.height=400;
addChild(bio_text);
//our request
var request:URLRequest=new URLRequest('content.xml');
//load our request
var loader:URLLoader=new URLLoader(request);
//when loader has finished loading, call the function displayContent
loader.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, displayContent);
function displayContent(event:Event) {
//store the data of the loader in a variable named xml
var xml:XML=new XML(event.target.data);
var xmlList:XMLList = new XMLList(xml);
//change the text of bio_text to what's inside the <bio> tags
bio_text.text=xml.bio;
}
Now that our content is stored externally (not inside our Flash site), it’s easier to manage it.
Luckily there are of course Content Management Systems (CMS)
specially built for Flash, which make content management a lot easier.
On Designm.ag
there’s a good article to read, 15 of the Most Promising Flash CMS Solutions
.
动态的内容，这个当然也不是问题了，FLASH 可以通过异步请求从服务端获得数据
SEO 搜索引擎优化
老实说这其实倒是个问题，不过随着google等主流的搜索引擎对Flash内容的重视，这个问题也在逐渐得到解决，不久前的新闻说Google的机器人已经能爬一些基本的Flash内容了，当然在这个问题没有得到完全解决之前，开发人员也还是要参与到其中，努力使Flash内容能够被索引到，具体怎么做呢？就是按Daniel同学所说的使用第三方的库
Before we even start discussing anything about SEO, it’s important
to know how search engines work. Little programs "crawl" over the web
in search of content which can be indexed to a search engine. These
programs are called bots, spiders, ants and probably something else too.
These bots will index the HTML content of a page, though (here comes
the problem) Flash is simply embedded in the HTML of a page, so the
search engine bot has no idea what’s inside it. If we want search
engines to index our site, we need to point them to HTML content which
it can index.
So now we really can start talking about SEO, what is SEO actually? Well Wikipedia succeeds in explaining it spot on:
Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of
improving the volume or quality of traffic to a web site from search
engines via "natural" or un-paid ("organic" or "algorithmic") search
results.
Basically we have one problem which we’re trying to solve:
“How can I make the content inside my Flash site accessible to search engines?”
Luckily there are several solutions. Let’s go through them one by one:
SWFObject
SWFObject is a JavaScript script which makes it possible to display
an alternative content to the user, if he or she has no (or an
outdated) Flash Player Plugin. And if the user doesn't have JavaScript,
it degrades gracefully. SWFObject has three advantages:
- Search engine bots will read the alternative content. This can help make your Flash site search engine friendly.
- Not only bots will read the alternative content, people who don’t have the (correct) Flash Player Plugin will also see it.
- As already mentioned in the Graphics
section, SWFObject removes the click to activate box in Internet Explorer.
However SWFObject has one small problem, it will display an
alternative content for the whole Flash movie, of course it is a bit
too much to display all the content of our flash site on one page as
alternative content. Ideally we would want to display the alternative
for the specific page the bot or user is visiting.
Now I haven’t found a well documented solution, however I’ve decided
to use a combination of Flash detection and SWFAddress. Let me first
explain what SWFAddress is.
SWFAddress
George Kendros
explains in his tutorial Build a Simple Website Template Using SWFAddress
spot on what SWFAddress does:
SWFAddress is a Javascript/ActionScript library which gives
you the power to change the browser’s URL, add entries to its history
list and fire off ActionScript events when the URL changes. It also
allows search engines to find specific content in your site.
With SWFAddress we can utilize so-called deep linking. A deep link
is a link which points to a specific page instead of the home page.
This means we can use SWFAddress to link to a specific page inside our
Flash site.
So what are we going to do?
First we’re going to build an HTML site, this HTML site will be for
bots and users who can’t view our Flash site. We’ll also use a Flash
detection script, which will redirect the user to the Flash site, if
the user has the correct Flash Player Plugin. The redirecting will use
deep linking, thus we can redirect the user to the same page, but
within the Flash site.
How do we detect if the user has the correct Flash Player Plugin installed? Well there’s an article on Kirupa named Flash Detection Scripts
. There you'll find a Flash detection script, which I’ve edited a bit:
function redirect(version, flash_url){
var MM_contentVersion = version;
var plugin = (navigator.mimeTypes && navigator.mimeTypes["application/x-shockwave-flash"]) ? navigator.mimeTypes["application/x-shockwave-flash"].enabledPlugin : 0;
if ( plugin ) {
var words = navigator.plugins["Shockwave Flash"].description.split(" ");
for (var i = 0; i < words.length; ++i)
{
if (isNaN(parseInt(words[i])))
continue;
var MM_PluginVersion = words[i];
}
var MM_FlashCanPlay = MM_PluginVersion >= MM_contentVersion;
}
else if (navigator.userAgent && navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE")>=0
&& (navigator.appVersion.indexOf("Win") != -1)) {
document.write('<SCR' + 'IPT LANGUAGE=VBScript/> /n'); //FS hide this from IE4.5 Mac by splitting the tag
document.write('on error resume next /n');
document.write('MM_FlashCanPlay = ( IsObject(CreateObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash." & MM_contentVersion)))/n');
document.write('</SCR' + 'IPT/> /n');
}
if ( MM_FlashCanPlay ) {
window.location.replace(flash_url);
} else{
//nothing needs to be done, stay at this page
}
}
In our HTML page we can now call with JavaScript the function
redirect, which will only need two parameters, namely the Flash Player
version, and the URL to the page it must redirect to if the user has
the correct Flash Player Plugin. Let’s say we have the following HTML
Page:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>About</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; utf-8"/>
<script type="text/javascript" src="flash detection.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
redirect(10, 'http://www.example.com/#/about');
</script>
</head>
<body>
<!-- the about content -->
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit....</p>
</body>
</html>
We'll focus on the 8th line. What will happen is the following; if
the user has Flash Player 10, then it’ll redirect the user to
http://www.example.com/#/about and afterwards SWFAddress will use deep
linking to display the correct page, inside the Flash site.
Development开发
Creating a Flash website is tough, for multiple reasons. First
you’ll need to spend a lot of time coding everything, we need to write
code for almost everything. We need to code dynamic graphics, we need
to code the layout, keeping things positioned where we want them. We
need to code and/or animate transitions between the pages. We must load
content and also display it. Creating a Flash site takes a lot of time
and it’s complicated, do not take it lightly.
Luckily for us there are several frameworks which can make
developing a Flash site easier. These frameworks might differ in what
they offer, but each framework can help lighten your workload in a
specific area.
Here are some frameworks, which might help you during development:
记得好像有一次做Presentation的时候，最后大家讨论到一点，Flash相比其他的技术，最大的优点是它的工作流的完整，从设计到最后的开发，有开发工具，有齐全的第三方插件，成熟的社区。Daniel同学也提到了成熟的框架确实给客户端开发带来了不小的便捷
Should I have a Flash site?该不该有个Flash站点呢
I truly love Flash sites, when made properly they just look so
incredibly beautiful, however there is one very important thing to
remember:
Sites are about the content they communicate to the user, Flash just provides one way to display that content.
What precisely do I mean with this? Well a blog wants people to read
the posts, so its design must work in a way which allows the user to
easily read a post. Flash is not needed for this
.
However if you’re going to create a photography portfolio site, then
you want to show the the content (images) in an easy and simple way to
the user. Clicking on links and waiting for the images to load is not a
great user experience. Flash is a possibility to provide the content in
a more intuitive way. Lesse Pedersen’s site
uses a great navigation to serve the content (images) to the user.
There is also a great post on the site Wake Up Later
named 6 Places that Flash Does Not Belong
which I believe you all should read.
当然是该了，不过如果做的如果和HTML差不多或者还不如HTML那就算了。丢人现眼
Thank you
I've once again had a great time writing for Activetuts+, I hope
you’ve learnt something and why not join the discussion? Leave a
comment, and you can of course find me on Twitter, @DanielApt
.
( ADD YOURS
)
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Rich February 12th
There are a few major points missed here:
Pros:
True object orientated client side language.
Flex and established application frameworks.
Image compression.
Legal font use(browser fonts are still unusable for most major clients).Cons:
Lack of mobile support.
Propreitory plug in required – a big thing for open source evangelists.
Problems for non-broadband users(still an issue in developing countries).
Accessibility.
这个同学提到了几点不错的补充：面向对象的编程语言，FLEX,图像压缩，合法的内嵌字体，缺点：缺少移动终端支持（这个ADOBE貌似目前在花大力气做，说明这个童鞋提的很中肯啊），带宽的问题（用小猫的同学怎么办呢）(
)-
Chris
February 12th
True,
I’d argue that accessibility can be addressed during the development
process (i.e., a well designed user experience with diverse users in
mind can accommodate impairments of many kinds); though it is worth
noting that Flash’s communication with assistive technologies like
screen readers is limited by the format it uses (no comm., with screen
readers on macs, and only really consistent performance with JAWS (I’ve
found WindowEyes to be spotty at best).Also, aren’t there open source flash players too? (of course no one has them).
Lastly, I’ve found that there are some system based inconsistencies
in the ways in which fonts render and are wrapped (even with embedded
fonts). In one case I have seen text break differentially depending on
the user’s monitor style and resolution. While there are some
rudimentary controls for setting display type (e.,g LCD); there was no
resolution to that. Perhaps a tiny bug in the player, but one worth
noting. (The text can also wrap differently depending on the scale of
the flash movie… though I’m not sure if it does so differently across
browsers and systems(
) -
Antonio Rivas
February 12th
I
am from a “developing country”, and the problem happens (sometimes)
when visiting foreign sites. but as a flash designer that factor is
just another aspect to take into account.
For me the biggest con is the accessibility point, the screen reader problem, has its fixes but it is not an ideal situation.(
) -
Daniel Apt February 14th
Very true Rich,
I’m sorry I forgot those.
(
)
-
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neil pearce
February 12th
It’s nice to hear people talk sense with regards to flash. All i hear on web design forums is the hatred towards flash…..
“The content can’t be managed”, “you can’t SEO a flash site”, “why
would you want things whizzing around your screen?” blar blar blar!Yet when you look on their site they have jquery doing the same bloody thing!
Nice one!
(
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Rich February 12th
The
difference is jQuery doesn’t have the negative elements that people
correctly identify about flash, e.g. semantic meaning, accessibility,
connection speeds, etc. I’m a RIA developer so I’m certainly not
suggesting that Flash shouldn’t be used. However, it’s important to
realise that it isn’t right for the vast majority of situations. If you
can do what you need in javascript then you shouldn’t use flash.(
)-
neil pearce
February 12th
Yep
i agree, but people are to quick to jump on the bandwagon ain’t they?
But i suppose it depends what your intentions or ambitions are….to
become a user interface expert or usability and accessibility expert?Talking of UI, how many flash site have won awards this year alone? Just a thought.
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saaaid February 12th
thx for this informative article and all the links
(
) -
Pablo Echeverri - Graphic Design
February 12th
Great post and great commets as well.
(
) -
Thomas J Bradley
February 12th
Another con that was missed is speed. Flash is a hog on Mac and degrades the experience to a point where it is barely usable.
Your point about mobile devices is especially important with the
recent announcement of certain mobile devices not supporting Flash.It’s funny, just yesterday I wrote an article about how
photographers no longer need to use Flash for there web sites, because
everything they need can be accomplished with just HTML/Javascript.It’s a great counter-argument to your article.
这位童鞋 还是纠结于速度，看得出来还是苹果的粉丝，因为提到了FLASH在MAC上几乎不可用（这个我倒是不知道，没在MAC上用FLASH，不过JOBS似乎也说过这个问题，看来MAC上是ADOBE的一大痛楚）http://thomasjbradley.ca/blog/challenge-no-flash-photographer-web-site
(
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ThermodynamicRust February 14th
Flash
sucking on Macs is probably just as much Apple’s fault as
Macromedia/Adobe. “Every time a Mac crashes it’s because of Flash!” –
Either the most BS statement Jobs has ever made, or true, meaning Macs
suck.(
)
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katopz
February 12th -
m33toh February 12th
Well, just wanted to mention that google DOES index text from swf’s
(
) -
Bartosz Oczujda
February 12th
Hate to rain on your parade, but there is one very important point missing about flash and SEO.
You forgot to write that google bots actually CAN and DO crawl and index content inside swf files, not only html files…
Check this out: http://www.flashnseo.com/
(
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Ryan February 12th
Completely useless if you’re using external files for your content (XML for example).
(
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Daniel Apt February 12th
Dear Ryan,
Google is capable of indexing content, which is loaded from external resources (like XML.)
As an example:
http://www.flashnseo.com/external-resources-and-indexing-in-flash/ -
Ryan February 12th
Daniel,
Please read the comments, and check the google results within the
link you posted. Google indexes the XML file, not the swf. If anything,
that’s more useless than not indexing it, because now I click the
search result and wind up on an xml file instead of a webpage. -
Daniel Apt February 12th
Woops, sorry Ryan, my bad :-s
Yeah linking to an xml file is definitely worse, I agree completely with you.
I do however remember reading about Google being able to index
external content, and after some looking around on the web, I finally
found the article:http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2009/06/flash-indexing-with-external-resource.html
In that article it seems that the external content is associated
with the parent .swf file. But if this is true for every (dynamic) page
within the Flash site is unknown to me.
-
-
Daniel Apt February 12th
This is true Mr. Oczujda,
However this only counts for Google, and not for all search engines.
The mentioned SEO techniques can be used to make your Flash site SEO
for other search engines than Google.(
)-
sebastian February 12th
true
true about all.. hopefully the flash xmp metadata will work in the
future.. I also figured that even though you split up your website with
swfadress, it still differentiate each part like this http://www.url.com/#subpageand google can’t differentiate that as a different url as: http://www.url.com
So its basicly useless, but nice if you want to use the back and front button + linking to parts of the site.
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Alex Nadtoka
February 15th
By the way… Regarding SEO and Flash, I urgently recommend you to check the article bellow
http://www.mattcutts.com/blog/google-gets-better-at-flash-with-adobes-help/
You will find there links to popular articles regarding this topic. I suggest you to read the Adobe article.“Adobe is providing optimized Adobe® Flash® Player technology to
Google and Yahoo! to enhance search engine indexing of the Flash file
format (SWF) and uncover information that is currently undiscoverable
by search engines.”
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Colt Pini
February 12th
Another
point to mention about flash is the “WebOrb” and “BlazeDS”, there are a
few more but these are the most known. This is allows flash to use
objects in some back end languages (RemoteObjects).For example I can create a customer object in Java, do all my back
end work on the server (where is should be) then pass my object right
up to flash, including player and air, blazeDS and webOrb both map my
java, c# ect. object right to an action script object all strongly
types so we don’t have to deal with casting and data integrity.I know that with GWT (Google Web Toolkit) and some other we can
accomplish some of the same things with javascript but javascript is
not a strongly typed language.This is a really sweet addition since actionscript 3.0 where you can really do object oriented programming.
There are a lot of great things coming out with actionscript and is becoming a lot stronger of a language.
(
) -
Colt Pini
February 12th
Another
point to mention about flash is the “WebOrb” and “BlazeDS”, there are a
few more but these are the most known. This is allows flash to use
objects in some back end languages (RemoteObjects).For example I can create a customer object in Java, do all my back
end work on the server (where is should be) then pass my object right
up to flash, including player and air, blazeDS and webOrb both map my
java, c# ect. object right to an action script object all strongly
typed so we don’t have to deal with casting and data integrity.I know that with GWT (Google Web Toolkit) and some other we can
accomplish some of the same things with javascript but javascript is
not a strongly typed language.This is a really sweet addition since actionscript 3.0 where you can really do object oriented programming.
There are a lot of great things coming out with actionscript and is becoming a lot stronger of a language.
(
) -
Ryan February 12th
Does your site have audio? Does your site have video? If yes, you need to use a chunk of flash within regular HTML/javascript.
Otherwise, your site becomes useless on mobile devices, may or may
not be indexed correctly, google can’t jump to the right “section” of
your movie from a search result, CPU intensive, breaks my scroll bar,
is is generally overkill.(
) -
Lori February 12th
nice lesson~
(
) -
jmarreros February 13th
good information in the article and comments, thanks everyone
(
) -
Bloggerzbible
February 13th
Very nice tutorial
(
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bob murry February 14th
lame
(
)
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Rod O'Neill
February 14th
Flash
support on mobile devices will be much better in the months/year to
come with the release of Flash Player 10.1 and the combined efforts of
most major mobile phone companies (except the fruit one) working
together with adobe on the Open Screen Project.(
) -
BonJoVi February 14th
With
HTML5/CSS3/Javascript/Canvas there is absolutely no need to use flash.
Everything that can be made using Flash can also be made using Canvas
or simply the video tag.
Even games: benjoffe.com/code/demos/canvascape/(
)-
Colt Pini
February 17th
IE
(
)
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BonJoVi February 14th
Also robot.anthonycalzadilla.com pretty much shows you can have any animation with nice graphics without flash,
(
) -
ThermodynamicRust February 14th
Being
told pros and cons of Flash sites when Flash has, for the most part,
already been relegated to widget/tool use kinda makes this article late
to the party. I’ve read better comparisons in DHTML books now pushing
6-years-old. I guess that’s what you get when a 17-year-old kid calls
himself a web designer and writes articles.(
)-
Daniel Apt February 15th
Thanks ThermodynamicRust for your critical comment.
I don’t believe it’s my duty to surpass the level of the 6-year-old DHTML books you’ve read.
Also this article is definitely not late to the party
. The debate about HTML5 vs Flash is hot, thus it’s important to understand the pros and cons of Flash sites.Also I recommend you read this article
.(
)
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Wayne February 14th
twitter link should be http:// not ttp://
excellent article!
(
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Daniel Apt February 16th
Thanks Wayne, just got the link changed.
And I’m happy to hear that you liked the article
(
)
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eli mcmakin
February 14th
The
fact that Flash is not open source is a pro for me. It means stuff
shows up correctly on all browsers. Can’t say the same with JavaScript.(
) -
Jeremy Brown
February 15th
The worst thing about flash is it’s cost.
Your client’s expects Avatar for the budget of a Powerpoint
presentation. Add a few rounds of changes to any Flash presentation and
you quickly wish you had learnt jQuery, created a video or advised
against Flash in the beginning.(
) -
Ezell February 15th
I
challenge anyone to show me an html, javascript, jquery based css game
that will work in 3d as well as flash. In fact show me any 3d jquery or
javascript engine that works as well as papervision.
Html is a dinosaur and needs to die. The web needs interaction and
animation. Users should experience the web not read it like a news
paper.
Computers and the internet are getting faster by the minute able to
handle incredible processing loads. Most design and ad firms use flash
for the best look and interactive effects on their sites.
Multimedia development will always be better in flash.
look at sites like http://www.thefwa.com/
. How many of those are flash sites?
Flash is the future get use to the idea.(
) -
jim February 12th
am i first…..woops…… 这个是前排占座么？
(
)