Service是在一段不定的时间运行在后台,不和用户交互应用组件。每个Service必须在manifest中 通过<service>来声明。可以通过context.startservice和context.bindserverice来启动。
service和其他的应用组件一样,运行在进程的主线程中。这就是说如果service需要很多耗时或者阻塞的操作,需要在其子线程中实现。
service的两种模式(startService()/bindService()不是完全分离的):
本地服务 Local
Service 用于应用程序内部。
它可以启动并运行,直至有人停止了它或它自己停止。在这种方式下,它以调用Context.startService()启动,而以调用Context.stopService()结束。它可以调用Service.stopSelf() 或 Service.stopSelfResult()来自己停止。不论调用了多少次startService()方法,你只需要调用一次stopService()来停止服务。
用于实现应用程序自己的一些耗时任务,比如查询升级信息,并不占用应用程序比如Activity所属线程,而是单开线程后台执行,这样用户体验比较好。
远程服务 Remote Service 用于android系统内部的应用程序之间。
它可以通过自己定义并暴露出来的接口进行程序操作。客户端建立一个到服务对象的连接,并通过那个连接来调用服务。连接以调用Context.bindService()方法建立,以调用 Context.unbindService()关闭。多个客户端可以绑定至同一个服务。如果服务此时还没有加载,bindService()会先加载它。
可被其他应用程序复用,比如天气预报服务,其他应用程序不需要再写这样的服务,调用已有的即可
如果打算采用Context.startService()方法启动服务,在服务未被创建时,系统会先调用服务的onCreate()方法,接着调用onStart()方法。
如果调用startService()方法前服务已经被创建,多次调用startService()方法并不会导致多次创建服务,但会导致多次调用onStart()方法。
采用startService()方法启动的服务,只能调用Context.stopService()方法结束服务,服务结束时会调用onDestroy()方法。
2. 使用bindService()方法启用服务,调用者与服务绑定在了一起,调用者一旦退出,服务也就终止,大有“不求同时生,必须同时死”的特点。
onBind()只有采用Context.bindService()方法启动服务时才会回调该方法。该方法在调用者与服务绑定时被调用,当调用者与服务已经绑定,多次调用Context.bindService()方法并不会导致该方法被多次调用。
官方文档告诉我们,Android系统会尽量保持拥有service的进程运行,只要在该service已经被启动(start)或者客户端连接(bindService)到它。当内存不足时,需要保持,拥有service的进程具有较高的优先级。
如果service正在调用onCreate,onStartCommand或者onDestory方法,那么用于当前service的进程则变为前台进程以避免被killed。
(bindService),那么拥有Service的进程则拥有最高的优先级,可以认为service是可见的。
Notification)方法来将service设置为前台状态,那么系统就认为是对用户可见的,并不会在内存不足时killed。
private static final String TAG = "LocalService";
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
Log.i(TAG, "onBind");
return null;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");
super.onCreate();
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy");
super.onDestroy();
}
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
Log.i(TAG, "onStart");
super.onStart(intent, startId);
}
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.servicedemo);
((Button) findViewById(R.id.startLocalService)).setOnClickListener(
new View.OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
startService(new Intent("com.demo.SERVICE_DEMO"));
}
});
((Button) findViewById(R.id.stopLocalService)).setOnClickListener(
new View.OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
stopService(new Intent("com.demo.SERVICE_DEMO"));
}
});
}
}
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.demo.SERVICE_DEMO" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.default" />
</intent-filter>
</service>
否则启动服务时会提示new Intent找不到"com.demo.SERVICE_DEMO"。
* This is an example of implementing an application service that runs locally
* in the same process as the application. The {@link LocalServiceController}
* and {@link LocalServiceBinding} classes show how to interact with the
* service.
*
* <p>Notice the use of the {@link NotificationManager} when interesting things
* happen in the service. This is generally how background services should
* interact with the user, rather than doing something more disruptive such as
* calling startActivity().
*/
public class LocalService extends Service {
private NotificationManager mNM;
/**
* Class for clients to access. Because we know this service always
* runs in the same process as its clients, we don't need to deal with
* IPC.
*/
public class LocalBinder extends Binder
{
LocalService getService() {
return LocalService.this;
}
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
mNM = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
// Display a notification about us starting. We put an icon in the status bar.
showNotification();
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId)
{
Log.i("LocalService", "Received start id " + startId + ": " +
intent);
// We want this service to continue running until it is explicitly
// stopped, so return sticky.
return START_STICKY;
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
// Cancel the persistent notification.
mNM.cancel(R.string.local_service_started);
// Tell the user we stopped.
Toast.makeText(this, R.string.local_service_stopped, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return mBinder;
}
// This is the object that receives interactions from clients. See
// RemoteService for a more complete example.
private final IBinder
mBinder = new LocalBinder();
/**
* Show a notification while this service is running.
*/
private void showNotification() {
// In this sample, we'll use the same text for the ticker and the expanded notification
CharSequence text = getText(R.string.local_service_started);
// Set the icon, scrolling text and timestamp
Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.stat_sample, text,
System.currentTimeMillis());
// The PendingIntent to launch our activity if the user selects this notification
PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0,
new Intent(this, LocalServiceController.class),
0);
// Set the info for the views that show in the notification panel.
notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, getText(R.string.local_service_label),
text, contentIntent);
// Send the notification.
// We use a layout id because it is a unique number. We use it later to cancel.
mNM.notify(R.string.local_service_started, notification);
}
}
* <p>Example of binding and unbinding to the {@link LocalService}.
* This demonstrates the implementation of a service which the client will
* bind to, receiving an object through which it can communicate with the service.</p>
*/
public class LocalServiceBinding extends Activity {
private boolean mIsBound;
private LocalService mBoundService;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.local_service_binding);
// Watch for button clicks.
Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bind);
button.setOnClickListener(mBindListener);
button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.unbind);
button.setOnClickListener(mUnbindListener);
}
private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection()
{
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
// This is called when the connection with the service has been
// established, giving us the service object we can use to
// interact with the service. Because we have bound to a explicit
// service that we know is running in our own process, we can
// cast its IBinder to a concrete class and directly access it.
mBoundService = ((LocalService.LocalBinder)service).getService();
// Tell the user about this for our demo.
Toast.makeText(LocalServiceBinding.this, R.string.local_service_connected,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName
className) {
// This is called when the connection with the service has been
// unexpectedly disconnected -- that is, its process crashed.
// Because it is running in our same process, we should never
// see this happen.
mBoundService = null;
Toast.makeText(LocalServiceBinding.this, R.string.local_service_disconnected,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
private OnClickListener mBindListener = new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
// Establish a connection with the service. We use an explicit
// class name because we want a specific service implementation that
// we know will be running in our own process (and thus won't be
// supporting component replacement by other applications).
bindService(new Intent(LocalServiceBinding.this,
LocalService.class), mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
mIsBound = true;
}
};
private OnClickListener mUnbindListener = new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
if (mIsBound) {
// Detach our existing connection.
unbindService(mConnection);
mIsBound = false;
}
}
};
}
<activity android:name=".app.LocalServiceBinding" android:label="@string/activity_local_service_binding">
<intent-filter>