在定义于类外部的成员函数中,形参表和成员函数体都出现在成员名之后。这些都是在类作用域中定义,所以可以不用限定而引用其他成员。例如类Screen中的get的二形参版本的定义,该函数用Screen内定义的index类型来指定其参数类型。因为形参表在Screen类的作用域内,所以不必要指明我们想要的Screen::index。我们想要的是定义在当前类作用域中的,这是隐含的。同样,使用index、width、和contents时指的都是Screen类中声明的名字
#include <string> #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Screen { public: typedef std::string::size_type index; inline char get(index ht, index wd) const; Screen():contents("liaojianguo dabendan"), height(1), width(1) { } private: std::string contents; index height, width; }; char Screen::get(index r, index c) const { index row = r * width; return contents[row + c]; } int main() { Screen c1; cout << c1.get(1, 1) << endl; }
输出:
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ g++ main.cc -o main pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ ./main a
类成员中的名字查找
检查成员函数局部作用域中的声明
检查对所有类成员的声明
检查在此成员函数定义之前的作用域中出现的声明
#include <string> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int i = 1; class Screen { public: typedef std::string::size_type index; inline char get(index ht, index wd) ; Screen():contents("liaojianguo dabendan"), height(1), width(1) { } private: std::string contents; index height, width; }; Screen::index set(Screen::index); char Screen::get(index r, index c) { index row = r * width; return contents[row + c - i]; } int main() { Screen c1; cout << c1.get(1, 1) << endl; }
输出:
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ g++ main.cc -o main pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ ./main i pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$
#include <string> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int i = 1; class Screen { public: typedef std::string::size_type index; inline char get(index ht, index wd) ; Screen():contents("liaojianguo dabendan"), height(1), width(1) { } private: std::string contents; index height, width; }; Screen::index set(Screen::index); Screen::index set(Screen::index i) { cout << "--------------" << endl; return i + 2; } char Screen::get(index r, index c) { index row = r * width; row = set(row); return contents[row + c - i]; } int main() { Screen c1; cout << c1.get(1, 1) << endl; }
输出:
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ g++ main.cc -o main pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ ./main -------------- o pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$