Linux文本编辑VI大全
VI/VIM是Linux文本编辑的利器，掌握VI使用，是成熟Linux程序员的关键特征之一
下载和安装
一般版本的Linux默认安装了VI/VIM,嵌入式Linux一般都精简掉了。下载安装过程如下：
- 从http://vim.org下载VIM源码
- tar xzf vim-7.0.tar.gz
- cd vim70
- ./configure --prefix=/opt --enable-cscope
- make
- make install
控制类命令
使用vi打开文件命令: vi file-to-edit.txt
vi编辑器有三种工作模式:命令行模式,插入模式,命令模式.
vi编辑器有三种工作模式:命令行模式,插入模式,命令模式.
- 命令模式: ESC键返回命令模式,可执行光标命令
- 输入模式: 在输入符号"i",进入插入模式, ESC键退出输入模式,进入命令行模式。
- 命令行模式: 下载ESC键,在输入符号":",在屏幕下方出现命令行模式。
命令行: ZZ 保存退出
命令行: ":wq" 写入退出
命令行: ":w" 写入但不退出
命令行: ":q!" 不保存退出
命令行: ":qa" 退出所有打开的文件
命令行: ":wq" 写入退出
命令行: ":w" 写入但不退出
命令行: ":q!" 不保存退出
命令行: ":qa" 退出所有打开的文件
光标类命令
| Keystrokes | Action |
|---|---|
| h/j/k/l | Move cursor left/down/up/right |
| spacebar | Move cursor right one space |
| -/+ | Move cursor down/up in first column |
| ctrl-d | Scroll down one half of a page |
| ctrl-u | Scroll up one half of a page |
| ctrl-f | Scroll forward one page |
| ctrl-b | Scroll back one page |
| M (shift-h) | Move cursor to middle of page |
| H | Move cursor to top of page |
| L | Move cursor to bottom of page |
| W w 5w |
Move cursor a word at a time Move cursor ahead 5 words |
| B b 5b |
Move cursor back a word at a time Move cursor back a word at a time Move cursor back 5 words |
| e 5e |
Move cursor to end of word Move cursor ahead to the end of the 5th word |
| 0 (zero) | Move cursor to beginning of line |
| $ | Move cursor to end of line |
| ) | Move cursor to beginning of next sentence |
| ( | Move cursor to beginning of current sentence |
| G | Move cursor to end of file |
| % | Move cursor to the matching bracket. Place cursor on {}[]() and type "%". Use the matchit or xmledit plug-in to extend this capability to XML/XHTML tags. |
| '. | Move cursor to previously modified line. |
| 'a | Move cursor to line mark "a" generated by marking with keystroke "ma" |
| 'A | Move cursor to line mark "a" (global between buffers) generated by marking with keystroke "mA" |
| ]' | Move cursor to next lower case mark. |
| [' | Move cursor to previous lower case mark. |
编辑类命令
| Keystrokes | Action |
|---|---|
| i | Insert at cursor |
| a | Append after cursor |
| A | Append at end of line |
| ESC | Terminate insert mode |
| u | Undo last change |
| U | Undo all changes to entire line |
| o | Open a new line |
| dd 3dd |
Delete line Delete 3 lines. |
| D | Delete contents of line after cursor |
| C | Delete contents of line after cursor and insert new text. Press esc key to end insertion. |
| dw 4dw |
Delete word Delete 4 words |
| cw | Change word |
| x | Delete character at cursor |
| r | Replace character |
| R | Overwrite characters from cursor onward |
| s | Substitute one character under cursor continue to insert |
| S | Substitute entire line and begin to insert at beginning of line |
| ~ | Change case of individual character |
| ctrl-a ctrl-x |
Increment number under the cursor. Decrement number under the cursor. |
| /search_string{CR} | Search for search_string |
| ?search_string{CR} | Search backwards (up in file) for search_string |
| n | Find next occurrence of search_word |
| N | Find previous occurrence of search_word |
| . | repeat last command action. |