Windows(NT/2000)下有很多服务程序(它们在系统登录前运行)，它们一般都没有界面，我们可以在服务管理器(运行services.msc)中启动和关闭它们。下面我试着修改一个有界面的MFC对话框程序，使它成为一个服务程序。网上提到了一种方法就是，从建立一个COM服务程序入手，然后将一个MFC项目改造成服务程序，最后让这一程序在启动时可以显示图形界面。这种方法的优点就是，程序向导已经帮我们写好了服务程序的主要代码，我们的任务就是把它们移植到MFC程序中(这个方法很不错！)。我的方法和这种方法思想基本一致，但也不完全一样。我是直接将有些写在CUI服务程序中的代码移植过来。主要思想就是把主服务函数等定义为全局函数，这样在主对话框类中就可以访问它们了。
此程序需要注意的地方：
一次只能安装一个服务，如果已安装过一个服务，先将其卸载再安装其他服务，设置其他应用程序时，在SCM启动后，因没有相应启动请求会被kill掉。本来以为任何程序都可以被设置为服务程序，后来实验发现，一般的应用程序被设置为服务程序后，由于它不能够与SCM进行通信，所以SCM无法将其启动。错误提示如下：(下面wcdj是我的服务名字)
本地计算机无法启动wcdj服务
错误1053:服务没有及时响应启动或控制请求
这个服务程序的主要流程如下：
SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY DispatchTable[]={{"Service1",ServiceMain},{NULL,NULL}};
if (!StartServiceCtrlDispatcher(DispatchTable))
{
AfxMessageBox("当不是用SCM启动程序的时候，程序执行下面的代码");
...
//显示我们服务程序的对话框
CTestDlg dlg;
//m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
int nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
if (nResponse == IDOK)
{
// TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with OK
}
else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
{
// TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with Cancel
}
}
否则程序会执行回调函数：
void WINAPI ServiceMain(DWORD argc, LPTSTR *argv)
{
AfxMessageBox("当用SCM启动程序的时候，程序执行下面的代码");
//初始化
m_ServiceStatus.dwServiceType = SERVICE_WIN32;
m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_START_PENDING;
...
while(1)
{
//Sleep(3000);
//Place Your Code for processing here....
//显示我们服务程序的对话框(当SCM启动服务程序的时候(系统重启时或手动在SCM中启动时)，也让它显示主对话框界面)
CTestDlg dlg;
//m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
int nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
if (nResponse == IDOK)
{
// TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with OK
}
else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
{
// TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with Cancel
}
...
}
}
具体的细节看下面的步骤，主要步骤如下：
(1)首先生成一个基于对话框的应用程序框架，假设我的工程名称为test。
(2)在test.cpp中添加几个全局变量和几个全局函数。
//设置两个全局变量
SERVICE_STATUS m_ServiceStatus;
SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE m_ServiceStatusHandle;
//添加几个全局函数
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//函数声明
void WINAPI ServiceMain(DWORD argc, LPTSTR *argv);
void WINAPI ServiceCtrlHandler(DWORD Opcode);
BOOL InstallService(CString &strPath);
BOOL DeleteService();
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//函数定义
void WINAPI ServiceMain(DWORD argc, LPTSTR *argv)
{
// DWORD status;
// DWORD specificError;
AfxMessageBox("当用SCM启动程序的时候，程序执行下面的代码");
m_ServiceStatus.dwServiceType = SERVICE_WIN32;
m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_START_PENDING;
m_ServiceStatus.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP;
m_ServiceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = 0;
m_ServiceStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0;
m_ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
m_ServiceStatus.dwWaitHint = 0;
m_ServiceStatusHandle = RegisterServiceCtrlHandler("Service1",ServiceCtrlHandler);
if (m_ServiceStatusHandle == (SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE)0)
{
AfxMessageBox("Handler not installed");
return;
}
m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING;
m_ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
m_ServiceStatus.dwWaitHint = 0;
if (!SetServiceStatus (m_ServiceStatusHandle, &m_ServiceStatus))
{
}
//bRunning=true;
//while(bRunning)
while(1)
{
//Sleep(3000);
//Place Your Code for processing here....
CTestDlg dlg;
//m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
int nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
if (nResponse == IDOK)
{
// TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with OK
}
else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
{
// TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with Cancel
//AfxMessageBox("cancel");
//break;//跳出while循环
m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED;
m_ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
m_ServiceStatus.dwWaitHint = 0;
if (!SetServiceStatus (m_ServiceStatusHandle, &m_ServiceStatus))
{
}
exit(0);//后面退出不了，只能强行退出
}
#ifdef _temp_delete//使用下面代码，只能关闭对话框不能关闭程序
//关闭对话框用，传递消息
MSG msg;
while (GetMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0))
{
if (msg.message)
{
CString strMsg;
strMsg.Format("%d",msg.message);
AfxMessageBox(strMsg);
}
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
#endif
}
return;
}
void WINAPI ServiceCtrlHandler(DWORD Opcode)
{
switch(Opcode)
{
case SERVICE_CONTROL_PAUSE:
m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_PAUSED;
break;
case SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE:
m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING;
break;
case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP:
m_ServiceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = 0;
m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED;
m_ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
m_ServiceStatus.dwWaitHint = 0;
SetServiceStatus (m_ServiceStatusHandle,&m_ServiceStatus);
//bRunning=false;
break;
case SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE:
break;
}
return;
}
BOOL InstallService(CString &strPath)//无法创建其他应用程序为服务，因为它们不能响应启动请求
{
//char strDir[1024]={0};
HANDLE schSCManager,schService;
// GetCurrentDirectory(1024,strDir);
// strcat(strDir,"//test.exe");
schSCManager = OpenSCManager(NULL,NULL,SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if (schSCManager == NULL)
return false;
//LPCTSTR lpszBinaryPathName=strDir;
LPCTSTR lpszBinaryPathName;
if (strPath=="")
{
AfxMessageBox("You must tell me Exepath!");
return FALSE;
}
else
{
lpszBinaryPathName=strPath;
}
schService = CreateService(schSCManager,"Service1","wcdj",// service name to display
SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, // desired access
SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS|SERVICE_INTERACTIVE_PROCESS, // service type
//SERVICE_DEMAND_START, // start type
SERVICE_AUTO_START, //系统启动时自动启动
SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL, // error control type
lpszBinaryPathName, // service's binary
NULL, // no load ordering group
NULL, // no tag identifier
NULL, // no dependencies
NULL, // LocalSystem account
NULL); // no password
if (schService == NULL)
return false;
CloseServiceHandle(schService);
return true;
}
BOOL DeleteService()
{
HANDLE schSCManager;
SC_HANDLE hService;
schSCManager = OpenSCManager(NULL,NULL,SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if (schSCManager == NULL)
return false;
hService=OpenService(schSCManager,"Service1",SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
if (hService == NULL)
return false;
if(DeleteService(hService)==0)
return false;
if(CloseServiceHandle(hService)==0)
return false;
else
return true;
}
(3)修改BOOL CTestApp::InitInstance()中代码，还是在test.cpp中。
//在别处显示对话框
// CTestDlg dlg;
// m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
// int nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
// if (nResponse == IDOK)
// {
// // TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// // dismissed with OK
// }
// else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
// {
// // TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// // dismissed with Cancel
// }
//启动服务(两种方式：双击运行和SCM启动，执行流程如刚开始提到的那样)，对话框在下面显示
SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY DispatchTable[]={{"Service1",ServiceMain},{NULL,NULL}};
//StartServiceCtrlDispatcher(DispatchTable);
if (!StartServiceCtrlDispatcher(DispatchTable))
{
AfxMessageBox("当不是用SCM启动程序的时候，程序执行下面的代码");
CTestDlg dlg;
//m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
int nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
if (nResponse == IDOK)
{
// TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with OK
}
else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
{
// TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with Cancel
}
}
再在上面声明全局函数：
extern void WINAPI ServiceMain(DWORD argc, LPTSTR *argv);
(4)在主对话框上，添加4个新按钮和1个编辑框，功能分别是：安装服务、删除服务、打开服务管理器、显示启动项。代码如下：
void CTestDlg::OnButton1() //安装服务
{
UpdateData(TRUE);//读取编辑框变量m_strSvrPath的值
if(InstallService(m_strSvrPath))
{
//printf("/n/nService Installed Sucessfully/n");
MessageBox("Service Installed Sucessfully","note",MB_OK|MB_ICONINFORMATION);
}
else
{
//printf("/n/nError Installing Service/n");
MessageBox("Error Installing Service","note",MB_OK|MB_ICONWARNING);
}
}
void CTestDlg::OnButton2() //删除服务
{
if(DeleteService())
{
//printf("/n/nService UnInstalled Sucessfully/n");
MessageBox("Service UnInstalled Sucessfully","note",MB_OK|MB_ICONINFORMATION);
}
else
{
//printf("/n/nError UnInstalling Service/n");
MessageBox("Error UnInstalling Service","note",MB_OK|MB_ICONWARNING);
}
}
void CTestDlg::OnButton3() //打开服务管理器
{
//打开服务管理器
::ShellExecute(NULL,"open","cmd.exe","/c services.msc",NULL,SW_HIDE);
}
void CTestDlg::OnButton4() //显示启动项
{
//打开启动项
::ShellExecute(NULL,"open","cmd.exe","/c msconfig",NULL,SW_HIDE);
}
最后别忘了在开头声明全局函数：
extern void WINAPI ServiceCtrlHandler(DWORD Opcode);
extern BOOL InstallService(CString &strPath);
extern BOOL DeleteService();
这个服务程序还不是很完善，应该再添加一些判断和LogEvent记录信息，但是主要的服务程序框架应该都包含了。
最后，希望读到此篇文章的朋友提出自己的意见。 