一级缓存：
hibernate一级缓存
一级缓存很短和session的生命周期一致，一级缓存也叫session级的缓存或事务级缓存
那些方法支持一级缓存：
* get()
* load()
* iterate（查询实体对象）
如何管理一级缓存：
* session.clear(),session.evict()
如何避免一次性大量的实体数据入库导致内存溢出
* 先flush，再clear
如果数据量特别大，考虑采用jdbc实现，如果jdbc也不能满足要求可以考虑采用数据本身的特定导入工具
Student student = (Student)session.load(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
//不会发出sql，因为load使用缓存
student = (Student)session.load(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
Student student = (Student)session.get(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
//不会发出sql，因为get使用缓存
student = (Student)session.get(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
Student student = (Student)session.createQuery("from Student s where s.id=1").iterate().next();
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
//会发出查询id的sql，不会发出查询实体对象的sql，因为iterate使用缓存
student = (Student)session.createQuery("from Student s where s.id=1").iterate().next();
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
String name = (String)session.createQuery("select s.name from Student s where s.id=1").iterate().next();
System.out.println("student.name=" + name);
//iterate查询普通属性，一级缓存不会缓存，所以发出sql
//一级缓存是缓存实体对象的
name = (String)session.createQuery("select s.name from Student s where s.id=1").iterate().next();
System.out.println("student.name=" + name);
//会发出查询语句，session间不能共享一级缓存的数据
//因为它会伴随session的生命周期存在和消亡
Student student = (Student)session.load(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
Student stu = new Student();
stu.setName("王五");
Serializable id = session.save(stu);
//不会发出sql，因为save是使用缓存的
Student student = (Student)session.load(Student.class, id);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
for (int i=0; i<1000; i++) {
Student student = new Student();
student.setName("s_" + i);
session.save(student);
//每20条数据就强制session将数据持久化
//同时清除缓存，避免大量数据造成内存溢出
if ( i % 20 == 0) {
session.flush();
session.clear();
}
}
一级缓存无法取消，但可以管理
hibernate二级缓存
二级缓存也称进程级的缓存或SessionFactory级的缓存，二级缓存可以被所有的session共享
二级缓存的生命周期和SessionFactory的生命周期一致，SessionFactory可以管理二级缓存
二级缓存的配置和使用：
* 将echcache.xml文件拷贝到src下
* 开启二级缓存，修改hibernate.cfg.xml文件
<property name="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">true</property>
* 指定缓存产品提供商，修改hibernate.cfg.xml文件
<property name="hibernate.cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider</property>
* 指定那些实体类使用二级缓存（两种方法）
* 在映射文件中采用<cache>标签，在id前面
* 在hibernate.cfg.xml文件中，采用<class-cache>标签
ehcache.xml
二级缓存是缓存实体对象的
了解一级缓存和二级缓存的交互
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Student student = (Student)session.load(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//不会发出sql，因为开启了二级缓存，session是共享二级缓存的
Student student = (Student)session.load(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Student student = (Student)session.get(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//不会发出sql，因为开启了二级缓存，session是共享二级缓存的
Student student = (Student)session.get(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Student student = (Student)session.load(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
//管理二级缓存
SessionFactory factory = HibernateUtils.getSessionFactory();
//factory.evict(Student.class);
factory.evict(Student.class, 1);
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//会发出查询sql，因为二级缓存中的数据被清除了
Student student = (Student)session.load(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//仅向二级缓存读数据，而不向二级缓存写数据
session.setCacheMode(CacheMode.GET);
Student student = (Student)session.load(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//发出sql语句，因为session设置了CacheMode为GET，所以二级缓存中没有数据
Student student = (Student)session.load(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//只向二级缓存写数据，而不从二级缓存读数据
session.setCacheMode(CacheMode.PUT);
//会发出查询sql，因为session将CacheMode设置成了PUT
Student student = (Student)session.load(Student.class, 1);
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
hibernate查询缓存
查询缓存是针对普通属性结果集的缓存
对实体对象的结果集只缓存id
查询缓存的生命周期，当前关联的表发生修改，那么查询缓存生命周期结束
查询缓存的配置和使用：
* 在hibernate.cfg.xml文件中启用查询缓存，如：
<property name="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">true</property>
* 在程序中必须手动启用查询缓存，如：
query.setCacheable(true);
Query query = session.createQuery("select s.name from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
List names = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=names.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
String name = (String)iter.next();
System.out.println(name);
}
System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
query = session.createQuery("select s.name from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
//没有发出查询sql，因为启用了查询缓存
names = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=names.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
String name = (String)iter.next();
System.out.println(name);
}
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s.name from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
List names = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=names.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
String name = (String)iter.next();
System.out.println(name);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s.name from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
//不会发出查询sql，因为查询缓存的生命周期和session无关
List names = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=names.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
String name = (String)iter.next();
System.out.println(name);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s.name from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
for (Iterator iter=query.iterate();iter.hasNext(); ) {
String name = (String)iter.next();
System.out.println(name);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s.name from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
//查询缓存只对query.list()起作用，query.iterate不起作用，也就是query.iterate不使用
//查询缓存
for (Iterator iter=query.iterate();iter.hasNext(); ) {
String name = (String)iter.next();
System.out.println(name);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
//query.setCacheable(true);
List students = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
//query.setCacheable(true);
//会发出查询sql，因为list默认每次都会发出查询sql
List students = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
List students = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
//会发出n条查询语句，因为开启了查询缓存，关闭了二级缓存，那么查询缓存会缓存实体对象的id
//所以hibernate会根据实体对象的id去查询相应的实体，如果缓存中不存在相应的
//实体那么将发出根据实体id查询的sql语句，否则不会发出sql使用缓存中的数据
List students = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
List students = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("select s from Student s");
//启用查询查询缓存
query.setCacheable(true);
//不会发出查询sql，因为开启了二级缓存和查询缓存，查询缓存缓存了实体对象的id列表
//hibernate会根据实体对象的id列表到二级缓存中取得相应的数据
List students = query.list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator();iter.hasNext(); ) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
变化不大的数据，相对静态的数据放入缓存比较合适
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Client1 |
|
Client2 |
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server |
|
facade |
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Cache |
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Database |
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cache |
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cache |
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NRU最近不使用 FIFO先进先出 LRU最近最少使用 |