学步园

一、使用数据协定的好处:

1、使用数据协定可以灵活控制哪些成员应该被客户端识别。

2、隐藏真实身份(给类或成员取别名)

二、代码示例

1、服务端

定义实现数据协定的类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;

namespace Server
{
    [DataContract]
    [KnownType(typeof(Dictionary<string,float>))]
   public  class Student
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 姓名
        /// </summary>
        [DataMember]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 电话
        /// </summary>
         [DataMember]
        public int  Phone { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 地址
        /// </summary>        
         [DataMember]
        public AddressInfo Address { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 成绩单
        /// </summary>
        [DataMember]
        public object Scores { get; set; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;

namespace Server
{    
    [DataContract]
    public  class AddressInfo
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 省份
        /// </summary>
         [DataMember]
        public string Province { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 城市
        /// </summary>
         [DataMember]
        public string City { get; set; }

         /// <summary>
        /// 街道
        /// </summary>
         [DataMember]
        public string Street { get; set; }
    }
}

 
定义并启动服务

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Description;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Server
{
    class Program
    {
        //声明并启动服务
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //服务器基地址
            Uri baseUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1378/services");
            //声明服务器主机
            using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(MyService),baseUri))
            {
                //添加绑定和终结点
                WSHttpBinding binding = new WSHttpBinding();
                host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(IService), binding, "test");
                //添加服务描述
                host.Description.Behaviors.Add(new ServiceMetadataBehavior() { HttpGetEnabled = true });
                //启动服务
                try
                {
                    host.Open();
                    Console.WriteLine("服务已启动");
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                }
                Console.ReadKey();
                //关闭服务
                host.Close();
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 定义服务协定
    /// </summary>
    [ServiceContract]
    public interface IService
    {
        [OperationContract]
        Student GetStudentInfo();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 实现服务协定
    /// </summary>
    public class MyService : IService
    {
        public Student GetStudentInfo()
        {
            Student st = new Student
            {
                Name = "小刘",
                Phone = 123456,
                Address = new AddressInfo
                {
                    Province = "四川省",
                    City = "绵阳市",
                    Street = "南山路"
                },
            };
            Dictionary<string, float> scores = new Dictionary<string, float>();
            scores.Add("语文", 83.3f);
            scores.Add("数学", 90.7f);
            scores.Add("英语", 85.5f);
            st.Scores = scores;
            return st;
        }
    }
}

2、客户端

先添加服务引用

再调用服务端的方法获取学生信息

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Client
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            WS.ServiceClient sc = new WS.ServiceClient();
            WS.Student st = sc.GetStudentInfo();
            Console.WriteLine("学生信息:\n姓名:{0}\n电话:{1}\n地址信息:\n省份:{2}\n城市:{3}\n街道:{4}\n",
                                       st.Name, st.Phone, st.Address.Province, st.Address.City, st.Address.Street);
            Console.WriteLine("-----------------");
            Console.WriteLine("成绩单");
            Dictionary<string, float> scores = st.Scores as Dictionary<string, float>;
            foreach(var item in scores )
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}", item.Key, item.Value);                
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

温馨提示：在一些比较复杂的类型无法反序列化（不能识别类型）的时候，需要使用KnownTypeAttribute来标注可能涉及到的外部类型