一. 程序操作EXCEL的应用主要还是在统计报表方面,您可能会考虑读EXCEL模板,也可能会考虑没必要读模板,其实读不读模板都能达到一样的效果,看实际情况而用了。
1. 读模板的话,首先模板存放在某个路径下,根据模板把从数据库里取出的数据写回EXCEL然后生成一个新的EXCEL存放都另一个路径以供下载,模板不变。
我这里的EXCEL操作主要是在VS2005里的,VS2003也可以的,不过没怎么研究03里的操作(文章最后我会把05的示例下载地址贴上 那个demo里之前打包忘了放了一个生成数据的文件,刚放进去了,不加也是可以运行的,还有模板文件的数据稍微过滤了下重新放了部分对照看下)vs05中操作EXCEL直接引用.NET自带的COM组件,添加后项目的bin目录下会自动出现
Interop.Excel.dll这个DLL(需安装office2003 excel,下面的说明及示例都是基于office2003的,版本不同调用可能会不一样)
页面的命名空间引用 using Excel;
下面是调用模板的一段代码
DataView dv = Cache["ReportByTemp"] as DataView;
//建立一个Excel.Application的新进程
Excel.Application app = new Excel.Application();
if (app == null)
{
return;
}
app.Visible = false;
app.UserControl = true;
Workbooks workbooks = app.Workbooks;
_Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(template_path + "//EXCEL测试模板.xls");//这里的Add方法里的参数就是模板的路径
Sheets sheets = workbook.Worksheets;
_Worksheet worksheet = (_Worksheet)sheets.get_Item(1);//模板只有一个sheet表
if (worksheet == null)
{
return;
}
int rowNum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < dv.Count; i++)
{
rowNum = i + 1;
worksheet.Cells[3 + i, 1] = rowNum;
worksheet.Cells[3 + i, 2] = dv[i].Row[0].ToString();
worksheet.Cells[3 + i, 3] = dv[i].Row[1].ToString();
excelOperate.SetBold(worksheet, worksheet.Cells[3 + i, 1], worksheet.Cells[3 + i, 1]); //黑体
excelOperate.SetHAlignCenter(worksheet, worksheet.Cells[3 + i, 1], worksheet.Cells[3 + i, 3]);//居中
worksheet.get_Range(worksheet.Cells[3 + i, 1], worksheet.Cells[3 + i, 3]).Borders.Color = System.Drawing.ColorTranslator.ToOle(System.Drawing.Color.Black);
}
tick = DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString();
save_path = temp_path + "//" + tick + ".xls";
workbook.SaveAs(save_path, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value);
excelOperate.Dispose(worksheet, workbook, app);//关闭Excel进程
}
break;
#endregion
效果如下:
2. 不读模板的话,调用的时候其实会继承一个空白模板,然后写入数据,程序画表头,最终达到一样的效果,程序如下:
2 case "ReportByNone":
3 {
4
5 DataView dv = Cache["ReportByNone"] as DataView;
6 //建立一个Excel.Application的新进程
7 Excel.Application app = new Excel.Application();
8 if (app == null)
9 {
10 return;
11 }
12 app.Visible = false;
13 app.UserControl = true;
14 Workbooks workbooks = app.Workbooks;
15 _Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);//这里的Add方法里的参数就相当于继承了一个空模板(暂这样理解吧)
16 Sheets sheets = workbook.Worksheets;
17 _Worksheet worksheet = (_Worksheet)sheets.get_Item(1);
18 if (worksheet == null)
19 {
20 return;
21 }
22
23 worksheet.get_Range(worksheet.Cells[1, 1], worksheet.Cells[1, 3]).Merge(Missing.Value); //横向合并
24 worksheet.get_Range(worksheet.Cells[1, 1], worksheet.Cells[1, 1]).Value2 = "导出EXCEL测试一";
25 excelOperate.SetBold(worksheet, worksheet.Cells[1, 1], worksheet.Cells[1, 1]); //黑体
26 excelOperate.SetHAlignCenter(worksheet, worksheet.Cells[1, 1], worksheet.Cells[1, 1]);//居中
27 excelOperate.SetBgColor(worksheet, worksheet.Cells[1, 1], worksheet.Cells[1, 1], System.Drawing.Color.Red);//背景色
28 excelOperate.SetFontSize(worksheet, worksheet.Cells[1, 1], worksheet.Cells[1, 1], 16);//字体大小
29 excelOperate.SetRowHeight(worksheet, worksheet.Cells[1, 1], worksheet.Cells[1, 1], 32.25);//行高
30 worksheet.get_Range(worksheet.Cells[1, 1], worksheet.Cells[1, 1]).Borders.Color = System.Drawing.ColorTranslator.ToOle(System.Drawing.Color.Black);//黑色连续边框
31
32 worksheet.Cells[2, 1] = "序号";
33 worksheet.Cells[2, 2] = "公司";
34 worksheet.Cells[2, 3] = "部门";
35 excelOperate.SetBold(worksheet, worksheet.Cells[2, 1], worksheet.Cells[2, 3]); //黑体
36 worksheet.get_Range(worksheet.Cells[2, 1], worksheet.Cells[2, 3]).Borders.Color = System.Drawing.ColorTranslator.ToOle(System.Drawing.Color.Black);
37 excelOperate.SetHAlignRight(worksheet, worksheet.Cells[2, 1], worksheet.Cells[2, 3]);
38 excelOperate.SetBgColor(worksheet, worksheet.Cells[2, 1], worksheet.Cells[2, 3], System.Drawing.Color.Silver);//背景色
39 int rowNum = 0;
40 for (int i = 0; i < dv.Count; i++)
41 {
42 rowNum = i + 1;
43 worksheet.Cells[3 + i, 1] = rowNum;
44 worksheet.Cells[3 + i, 2] = dv[i].Row[0].ToString();
45 worksheet.Cells[3 + i, 3] = dv[i].Row[1].ToString();
46
47 excelOperate.SetBold(worksheet, worksheet.Cells[3 + i, 1], worksheet.Cells[3 + i, 1]); //黑体
48 excelOperate.SetHAlignCenter(worksheet, worksheet.Cells[3 + i, 1], worksheet.Cells[3 + i, 3]);//居中
49 worksheet.get_Range(worksheet.Cells[3 + i, 1], worksheet.Cells[3 + i, 3]).Borders.Color = System.Drawing.ColorTranslator.ToOle(System.Drawing.Color.Black);//设置边框颜色,不然打印预览,会非常不雅观
50
51 }
52 excelOperate.SetColumnWidth(worksheet, "A", 10);
53 excelOperate.SetColumnWidth(worksheet, "B", 20);
54 excelOperate.SetColumnWidth(worksheet, "C", 20);
55 worksheet.Name = "导出EXCEL测试一";
56
57 tick = DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString();
58 save_path = temp_path + "//"+ tick + ".xls";
59 workbook.SaveAs(save_path, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value);
60 excelOperate.Dispose(worksheet, workbook, app);//关闭Excel进程
61
62 }
63 break;
64
65 #endregion
效果如下:
以上我给了两个最简单的操作说明,下面详细说一下对于一些稍微复杂的报表的生成处理
二. 对于复杂的EXCEL报表的生成处理,无非是纵向合并相同的数据行及嵌套纵向合并等一些操作,下面就几个具有针对性的报表作下说明.
1.要生成相对复杂的EXCEL表,在从数据库取数据时,要注意先按照合理的要求排好序,有时候可能order by后面要跟好几个字段,而且这几个字段谁先谁后也要注意,因为这些会直接影响报表呈现的效果,比如你的EXCEL表要按月份统计国内外的项目,显示出来的时候要多个项目相同的人连续,那么排序就可能要这样order by 月份,项目类别,用户ID,项目ID(这是写好的视图,基于视图来检索的),这个排序的字段顺序就不能变了,变了的话就不太好生成想要的形式了,如下图:
这个也是动态画的,用了个简单的模板,模板就一个表头,没多大意义,除非表头很复杂而且在列表中不需要重画,考虑模板就比较好,向上面那个一月份国际的和其它月份的都是需要重画表头的。至于合并,如果不是嵌套的合并,我们可以在向模板循环写数据的时候直接控制,比如下面一个简单的写法:
2 {
3 bidName = table.Rows[index]["BIDNAME"].ToString();
4 if (table.Rows[i]["BIDNAME"].ToString() == bidName)
5 {
6 projNum++;
7 worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 2] = table.Rows[i]["PROJNO"];
8 worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 3] = table.Rows[i]["PROJNAME"];
9 worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 4] = table.Rows[i]["STAT_DATE"];
10 worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 5] = table.Rows[i]["PROJTYPE"];
11 worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 6] = table.Rows[i]["CONTENT"];
12 worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 7] = table.Rows[i]["OPENDT"];
13 worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 8] = table.Rows[i]["OPENADDRESS"];
14 worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 9] = table.Rows[i]["REV_DATE"];
15 worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 10] = table.Rows[i]["BID_UNIT"];
16 worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 11] = table.Rows[i]["AGT_AMOUNT"];
17 worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 12] = table.Rows[i]["CURRENCY"] + ":" + table.Rows[i]["BIDSER_AMOUNT"];
18 worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 13] = table.Rows[i]["SENDDATE"];
19 worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 14] = table.Rows[i]["CURRENCY"] + ":" + table.Rows[i]["BIDPRICE"];
20 worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 15] = table.Rows[i]["BOOKAMOUNT"];
21 worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 16] = table.Rows[i]["CURRENCY"] + ":" + table.Rows[i]["BAIL_AMOUNT"];
22 worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 17] = table.Rows[i]["USERNAME"];
23 worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 18] = table.Rows[i]["SECOND_USER"];
24 worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 19] = "";
25 worksheet.get_Range(worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 1], worksheet.Cells[5 + i, 19]).Borders.Color = System.Drawing.ColorTranslator.ToOle(System.Drawing.Color.Black);
26 continue;
27 }
28
29 worksheet.get_Range(worksheet.Cells[5 + rowid, 1], worksheet.Cells[5 + i - 1, 1]).Merge(Missing.Value); //将第一列按投标单位合并
30 worksheet.get_Range(worksheet.Cells[5 + rowid, 1], worksheet.Cells[5 + rowid, 1]).Value2 = bidName + "(" + projNum.ToString() + "个项目)";//合并后的单元格内容
合并单元格的时候也要注意一个问题,就是合并的单元格必须是为空的,不然在执行合并时,会提示“合并后的单元格的值将丢失”,具体不这样提示的,大致是这个意思,一般我们合并都单元格相同的内容,在合并前我们先保存那个值,再清空后合并,上面的代码中把worksheet.Cell[5+rowid,1]这里系列的单元格的值空出来了,没写数据,而且最后合并了再写值,避免了去循环清空。
2.嵌套的合并向上面那样做可能控制比较麻烦,而且思路可能很混乱,我们可以考虑先循环填充所有的数据,在循环出来要合并的列,比如像下面的这张表
先循环填充数据,如下:
2 string ProjNo = "";
3 for (i = 0; i < table.Rows.Count; i++)
4 {
5 ProjNo = table.Rows[index]["PROJNO"].ToString();
6 if (table.Rows[i]["PROJNO"].ToString() == ProjNo)
7 {
8 wksheet.Cells[3 + i, 1] = rownum + 1;
9 wksheet.Cells[3 + i, 2] = "'" + table.Rows[i]["PROJNO"]; //加上单引号保证以0开头的字符原样输出
10 wksheet.Cells[3 + i, 3] = "'" + table.Rows[i]["PROJNAME"];
11 wksheet.Cells[3 + i, 4] = "'" + table.Rows[i]["PA_NAME"];
12 wksheet.Cells[3 + i, 5] = "'" + table.Rows[i]["BIDER_NAME"];
13 wksheet.Cells[3 + i, 6] = table.Rows[i]["BAIL_AMOUNT"];
14 wksheet.Cells[3 + i, 7] = table.Rows[i]["NOT_BACK"];
15 wksheet.get_Range(wksheet.Cells[3 + i, 1], wksheet.Cells[3 + i, 7]).Borders.Color = System.Drawing.ColorTranslator.ToOle(System.Drawing.Color.Black);
16 continue;
17 }
18
19 index = i;
20 rownum++;
21 i--;
22
23 }
下面合并前三列相同内容的单元:
2 int m = 1, rowid = 3, k;
3 string projName = "";
4 for (k = 3; k <= i + 2; k++)
5 {
6 if (Convert.ToInt32(wksheet.get_Range(wksheet.Cells[k, 1], wksheet.Cells[k, 1]).Value2) == m)
7 {
8 ProjNo = wksheet.get_Range(wksheet.Cells[k, 2], wksheet.Cells[k, 2]).Value2.ToString();
9