1.监听及tnsnames.ora正常，普通用户使用服务名可以登陆数据库。
[oracle@orale admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
mypl =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.22.55)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = mypl)
)
)
[oracle@orale admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-NOV-2013 22:30:55
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 15-NOV-2013 20:13:45
Uptime 0 days 2 hr. 17 min. 10 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/orale stener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=orale)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "mypl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "mypl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@orale admin]$ sqlplus xiaoming/xiaoming@mypl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Nov 15 22:26:52 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> exit
#########################################################################
2.使用SYS用户登陆报权限不足--上一步验证了监听及tnsnames.ora是正确的。
[oracle@orale admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@mypl as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Nov 15 22:27:31 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
Enter user-name:
##########################################
3.检查$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下的密码文件，当前实例名是mypl。
[oracle@orale dbs]$ ls
hc_DBUA0.dat init.ora spfilemypl.ora
hc_mypl.dat orapwocm peshm_plocp_0
检查发现密码文件格式与当前实例名不符。
此时可以重建密码文件或者将orapwocm重命令为orapwmypl
创建密码文件--注意WINDOWS下和LINUX下的密码文件格式是不一样的
注意：WIN下文件夹名和LINUX下不一样。WIN下$ORACLE_HOME/database LINUX下是：$ORACLE_HOME\dbs\
如实例名为orcl,则WINDOWS下密码文件格式为：PWDorcl.ORA LINUX下为orapworcl
如下创建密码文件，密码为oracle，实例名为orapwbys3
orapwd file=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwbys3
password=oracle entries=3 force=y
4.重命令为用SYS用户可以正常登陆--就不演示了。