随着Azure服务在国内的开展,不少Java用户也开始在国内Azure部署应用。不过,目前有一个问题,是关于证书。国内Azure服务HTTPS端点的证书,是由CNNIC颁发的,而CNNIC作为一个根证书颁发机构,不被Oracle JDK信任。如果通过Oracle JDK开发一个应用,要去访问国内Azure的各种HTTPS地址,比如管理API、Service Bus、存储URL、SQL数据库等等,都会遇到类似下面的问题
Dec 13, 2013 8:35:57 PM com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.TDSChannel enableSSL INFO: java.security path: C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\lib\security Security providers: [SUN version 1.6, SunRsaSign version 1.5, SunJSSE version 1.6, SunJCE version 1.6, SunJGSS version 1.0, SunSASL version 1.5, XMLDSig version 1.0, SunPCSC version 1.6] SSLContext provider info: Sun JSSE provider(PKCS12, SunX509 key/trust factories, SSLv3, TLSv1) SSLContext provider services: [SunJSSE: KeyFactory.RSA -> sun.security.rsa.RSAKeyFactory
.......
TrustManagerFactory provider info: Sun JSSE provider(PKCS12, SunX509 key/trust factories, SSLv3, TLSv1) TrustManagerFactory default algorithm: PKIX java.ext.dirs: C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\lib\ext;C:\WINDOWS\Sun\Java\lib\ext com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException: The driver could not establish a secure connection to SQL Server by using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption. Error: "sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target". ClientConnectionId:4b1a3848-7aa5-4474-b7fc-25f79f52b4de
报错的原因,是JDK不信任服务端的HTTPS证书。
要解决这个问题,有几个办法:
1. 如果是Linux客户端,可以试试用OpenJDK http://openjdk.java.net/
2. 如果不要求数据加密,可以连接HTTP或普通端点,比如存储
3. 如果连接对象是SQL数据库,可以禁用加密(在连接字符串中将encrypt去掉)
4. 可以写一个小程序,下载服务端证书,然后导入本地JDK的信任证书列表 (对SQL数据库无效,因为不是HTTPS端点)
package example; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.security.KeyStore; import java.security.MessageDigest; import java.security.cert.CertificateException; import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import javax.net.ssl.SSLException; import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket; import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory; import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager; public class InstallCert { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String host; int port; char[] passphrase; if ((args.length == 1) || (args.length == 2)) { String[] c = args[0].split(":"); host = c[0]; port = (c.length == 1) ? 443 : Integer.parseInt(c[1]); String p = (args.length == 1) ? "changeit" : args[1]; passphrase = p.toCharArray(); } else { System.out .println("Usage: java InstallCert <host>[:port] [passphrase]"); return; } File file = new File("jssecacerts"); if (file.isFile() == false) { char SEP = File.separatorChar; File dir = new File(System.getProperty("java.home") + SEP + "lib" + SEP + "security"); file = new File(dir, "jssecacerts"); if (file.isFile() == false) { file = new File(dir, "cacerts"); } } System.out.println("Loading KeyStore " + file + "..."); InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file); KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); ks.load(in, passphrase); in.close(); SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory .getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm()); tmf.init(ks); X509TrustManager defaultTrustManager = (X509TrustManager) tmf .getTrustManagers()[0]; SavingTrustManager tm = new SavingTrustManager(defaultTrustManager); context.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null); SSLSocketFactory factory = context.getSocketFactory(); System.out .println("Opening connection to " + host + ":" + port + "..."); SSLSocket socket = (SSLSocket) factory.createSocket(host, port); socket.setSoTimeout(10000); try { System.out.println("Starting SSL handshake..."); socket.startHandshake(); socket.close(); System.out.println(); System.out.println("No errors, certificate is already trusted"); } catch (SSLException e) { System.out.println(); e.printStackTrace(System.out); } X509Certificate[] chain = tm.chain; if (chain == null) { System.out.println("Could not obtain server certificate chain"); return; } BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader( System.in)); System.out.println(); System.out.println("Server sent " + chain.length + " certificate(s):"); System.out.println(); MessageDigest sha1 = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1"); MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5"); for (int i = 0; i < chain.length; i++) { X509Certificate cert = chain[i]; System.out.println(" " + (i + 1) + " Subject " + cert.getSubjectDN()); System.out.println(" Issuer " + cert.getIssuerDN()); sha1.update(cert.getEncoded()); System.out.println(" sha1 " + toHexString(sha1.digest())); md5.update(cert.getEncoded()); System.out.println(" md5 " + toHexString(md5.digest())); System.out.println(); } System.out .println("Enter certificate to add to trusted keystore or 'q' to quit: [1]"); String line = reader.readLine().trim(); int k; try { k = (line.length() == 0) ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(line) - 1; } catch (NumberFormatException e) { System.out.println("KeyStore not changed"); return; } X509Certificate cert = chain[k]; String alias = host + "-" + (k + 1); ks.setCertificateEntry(alias, cert); OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("jssecacerts"); ks.store(out, passphrase); out.close(); System.out.println(); System.out.println(cert); System.out.println(); System.out .println("Added certificate to keystore 'jssecacerts' using alias '" + alias + "'"); } private static final char[] HEXDIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray(); private static String toHexString(byte[] bytes) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 3); for (int b : bytes) { b &= 0xff; sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b >> 4]); sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b & 15]); sb.append(' '); } return sb.toString(); } private static class SavingTrustManager implements X509TrustManager { private final X509TrustManager tm; private X509Certificate[] chain; SavingTrustManager(X509TrustManager tm) { this.tm = tm; } public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { this.chain = chain; tm.checkServerTrusted(chain, authType); } } }