学步园

1.---OS操作---

linux下创建多级目录：mkdir -p a/b/c/d

[user1@localhost Desktop]$ cd ~
[user1@localhost ~]$ ls
a2.t  Desktop    Downloads           Music    Pictures  replace.py  test.txt
a.t   Documents  filefindreplace.py  new.txt  Public    Templates   Videos
[user1@localhost ~]$ mkdir csvt
[user1@localhost ~]$ cd csvt/
[user1@localhost csvt]$ python
Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Jul 10 2013, 22:48:45) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-3)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import os
>>> os.mkdir('jpp')
>>> os.mkdir('test')
>>> os.makedirs('a/b/c')
>>> os.rmdir('test')
>>> os.removedirs('a/b/c')
>>> os.listdir('.')
['jpp']
>>> os.listdir('/')
['etc', '.readahead_collect', 'usr', 'proc', 'boot', 'sbin', '.autofsck', 'mnt', 'sys', 'tmp', 'home', 'srv', 'root', 'media', 'opt', 'lib64', 'bin', 'lib', 'lost+found', 'dev', 'selinux', 'var']
>>> os.getcwd()
'/home/user1/csvt'
>>> os.chdir('/')
>>> os.listdir('.')
['etc', '.readahead_collect', 'usr', 'proc', 'boot', 'sbin', '.autofsck', 'mnt', 'sys', 'tmp', 'home', 'srv', 'root', 'media', 'opt', 'lib64', 'bin', 'lib', 'lost+found', 'dev', 'selinux', 'var']
>>> os.getcwd()
'/'
>>> exit()

[user1@localhost csvt]$ ls
jpp
[user1@localhost csvt]$ ls
jpp  test
[user1@localhost csvt]$ ls
a  jpp  test
[user1@localhost csvt]$ cd a/
[user1@localhost a]$ ls
b
[user1@localhost a]$ cd b/
[user1@localhost b]$ ls
c
[user1@localhost b]$ cd c/
[user1@localhost c]$ cd ~
[user1@localhost ~]$ cd ~
[user1@localhost ~]$ cd ~
[user1@localhost ~]$ cd csvt/
[user1@localhost csvt]$ ls
a  jpp  test
[user1@localhost csvt]$ ls
a  jpp
[user1@localhost csvt]$ ls
jpp
[user1@localhost csvt]$ 

2---目录遍历---

#!/usr/bin/python
#coding:utf8

import os

def dirList(path):
    filelist = os.listdir(path)
	#fpath = os.getcwd() 删除
	#allfile = []
	for filename in filelist:
	    #allfile.append(fpath+'/'+filename)---1
		#filepath = os.path.join(fpath,filename)---2
		#allfile.append(filepath)----2
		filepath = os.path.join(path,filename)
		if os.path.isdir(filepath):
		    dirList(filepath)
		#allfile.append(filepath)	
	    print filepath

allfile = dirList('/root/csvtpy/testdir')
print allfile

3---异常处理---

#coding:utf8

filename = raw_input('请输入您要操作的文件:')

try:
    f = open(filename)
	print 'hello'
except IOError,msg:
    print "您指定的文件不存在"
except NameError,msg:
    print "内部变量调用错误"
finally:
    try:
        f.close()
	except NameError,msg:
	    pass
	print "It's done!"
	
if filename == "hello":
    raise TypeError("Nothing!")