xpect是一种能够按照脚本内容里面设定的方式与交互式程序进行“会话”的程序。根据脚本内容,Expect可以知道程序会提示或反馈什么内容以及 什么是正确的应答。它是一种可以提供“分支和嵌套结构”来引导程序流程的解释型脚本语言。 shell功能很强大,但是不能实现有交互功能的多机器之前的操作,例如ssh和ftp.而expect可以帮助我们来实现.
一,安装expect
-
yum
install expect
其实expect根bash形势上差不多的.
二,实例
1,ssh实现自动登录,并停在登录服务器上
-
#!/usr/bin/expect
-f -
set ip [lindex $argv 0 //接收第一个参数,并设置IP] -
set password [lindex $argv 1 //接收第二个参数,并设置密码] -
set timeout 10 //设置超时时间 -
spawn ssh root@$ip -
expect { //返回信息匹配 -
"*yes/no" { "yes\r";send exp_continue} //第一次ssh连接会提示yes/no,继续 -
"*password:" { "$password\r"send } //出现密码提示,发送密码 -
} -
interact //交互模式,用户会停留在远程服务器上面.
运行结果如下:
-
root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy#
./test. exp192.168.1.130 admin -
spawn
ssh root@192.168.1.130 -
Last
login: Fri Sep 7 10:47:43 2012 from 192.168.1.142 -
[root@linux
~]#
这个例子有统一的接口,根据IP和密码可以连接到不同的机器.如果你嫌输入IP和密码麻烦,看下面的例子
-
#!/usr/bin/expect
-f -
set ip 192.168.1.130 -
set password admin -
set timeout 10 -
spawn ssh root@$ip -
expect { -
"*yes/no" { "yes\r";send exp_continue} -
"*password:" { "$password\r"send } -
} -
interact
运行结果如下:
-
root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy#
./web. exp -
spawn
ssh root@192.168.1.130 -
Last
login: Fri Sep 7 12:59:02 2012 from 192.168.1.142 -
[root@linux
~]#
2,ssh远程登录到服务器,并且执行命令,执行完后并退出
-
#!/usr/bin/expect
-f -
set ip 192.168.1.130 -
set password admin -
set timeout 10 -
spawn ssh root@$ip -
expect { -
"*yes/no" { "yes\r";send exp_continue} -
"*password:" { "$password\r"send } -
} -
expect "#*" -
send "pwd\r" -
send "exit\r" -
expect eof
运行结果如下:
-
root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy#
./test3. exp -
spawn
ssh root@192.168.1.130 -
root@192.168.1.130's
password: -
Last
login: Fri Sep 7 14:05:07 2012 from 116.246.27.90 -
[root@localhost
~]# pwd -
/root
-
[root@localhost
~]# exit -
logout
-
Connection
to 192.168.1.130 closed.
3,远程登录到ftp,并且下载文件
-
#!/usr/bin/expect
-f -
set ip [lindex $argv 0 ] -
set dir [lindex $argv 1 ] -
set file [lindex $argv 2 ] -
set timeout 10 -
spawn ftp $ip -
expect "Name*" -
send "zwh\r" -
expect "Password:*" -
send "zwh\r" -
expect "ftp>*" -
send "lcd $dir\r" -
expect { -
"*file" { send_user $_dir ;sendNo such file or directory" "quit\r" } -
"*now*" { send $dir/$file }$dir/$file\r" -
} -
expect { -
"*Failed" { "remotesend_user $file ;sendNo such file" "quit\r" } -
"*OK" { send_user has ;sendbeen download\r" "quit\r"} -
} -
expect eof
运行结果如下:
-
root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy#
./test2. exp192.168.1.130 var/www/www/ aaa.html -
spawn
ftp 192.168.1.130 -
Connected
to 192.168.1.130. -
220
(vsFTPd 2.0.5) -
Name
(192.168.1.130:root): zwh -
331
Please specify the password. -
Password:
-
230
Login successful. -
Remote
system type is UNIX. -
Using
binary mode to transfer files. -
ftp>
lcd /var/www/www -
Local
directory now /var/www/www -
ftp>
get /var/www/www/aaa.html / var/www/www/aaa.html -
local:
/var/www/www/aaa.html remote: var/www/www/aaa.html/ -
200
PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. -
150
Opening BINARY mode data connection for / var/www/www/aaa.html(66 bytes). -
226
File send OK. -
66
bytes received in 0.00 secs (515.6 kB/s) -
quit
aaa.html has been download -
221
Goodbye.