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android开发 drawable中XML的相关应用

2014年10月22日 ⁄ 综合 ⁄ 共 8435字 ⁄ 字号 评论关闭

转自:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5085156c01016a3t.html

一。网络资源案例(关于selector用法):android背景选择器selector用法汇总(2011-04-19 13:40:00)
1.创建xml文件,位置:drawable/xxx.xml,同目录下记得要放相关图片

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>   
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> 
<!-- 默认时的背景图片-->  
  <item android:drawable="@drawable/pic1" />    
<!-- 没有焦点时的背景图片 -->  
  <item android:state_window_focused="false"   
        android:drawable="@drawable/pic1" />   
<!-- 非触摸模式下获得焦点并单击时的背景图片 -->  
  <item android:state_focused="true" android:state_pressed="true"   android:drawable= "@drawable/pic2" /> 

<!-- 触摸模式下单击时的背景图片-->  

<item android:state_focused="false" android:state_pressed="true"  android:drawable="@drawable/pic3" />  

<!--选中时的图片背景-->  

  <item android:state_selected="true"   android:drawable="@drawable/pic4" />   

<!--获得焦点时的图片背景-->  
  <item android:state_focused="true"   android:drawable="@drawable/pic5" />   
</selector>

2.使用xml文件

a.方法一:在listview中配置android:listSelector="@drawable/xxx
或者在listview的item中添加属性android:background="@drawable/xxx"

b.方法二:Drawable drawable = getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.xxx);  
       ListView.setSelector(drawable);但是这样会出现列表有时候为黑的情况,需要加上:android:cacheColorHint="@android:color/transparent"使其透明。

相关属性:

android:state_selected是选中
android:state_focused是获得焦点
android:state_pressed是点击
android:state_enabled是设置是否响应事件,指所有事件

根据这些状态同样可以设置button的selector效果。也可以设置selector改变button中的文字状态。


以下是配置button中的文字效果:
drawable/button_font.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:state_selected="true" android:color="#FFF" />
    <item android:state_focused="true" android:color="#FFF" />
    <item android:state_pressed="true" android:color="#FFF" />
    <item android:color="#000" />
</selector>

Button还可以实现更复杂的效果,例如渐变
drawable/button_color.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">         / 
<item android:state_pressed="true">//定义当button 处于pressed 状态时的形态。 
                <shape>

                <gradient  android:startColor="#8600ff" /> 

                      <stroke   android:width="2dp" android:color="#000000" /> 
                       <corners android:radius="5dp" />  
                       <padding android:left="10dp" android:top="10dp" 
                                android:bottom="10dp" android:right="10dp"/>  
                 </shape>  
</item> 
<item android:state_focused="true">//定义当button获得 focus时的形态 
                 <shape> 
                       <gradient android:startColor="#eac100"/> 
                        <stroke android:width="2dp" android:color="#333333"  color="#ffffff"/> 
                         <corners android:radius="8dp" />   
                         <padding android:left="10dp" android:top="10dp" 
                                  android:bottom="10dp" android:right="10dp"/>                   
                </shape> 
 </item>
</selector> 

3.需要在包含 button的xml文件里添加两项。例如main.xml 文件,需要在<Button />里加两项android:focusable="true" android:background="@drawable/button_color"



二。shape画图:
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

        android:shape="rectangle">

        <gradient android:startColor="#c0000000" android:endColor="#c0000000"

                android:angle="90" /><!--背景颜色渐变 -->

        <stroke android:dashWidth="2dp" android:dashGap="2dp"

                android:width="2dp" android:color="#FF00ff00"></stroke>

        <!--描边 -->

        <corners android:bottomRightRadius="5dp"

                android:bottomLeftRadius="5dp" android:topLeftRadius="5dp"

                android:topRightRadius="5dp" /><!--设置圆角-->

</shape>


三。黄色边框Edittext背景:android:background="@android:drawable/editbox_background"


四。android官网帮助文档中layer_list(层叠列表)的用法:
1.所有属性:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layer-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
    <item
        android:id="@[+][package:]id/resource_name"
        android:bottom="dimension"
        android:drawable="@[package:]drawable/drawable_resource"
        android:left="dimension"
        android:right="dimension"
        android:top="dimension"/>
</layer-list>
2.案例
a.    drawable中新建XML:
<layer-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">    
    <item>      
        <bitmap android:src="@drawable/android_red"
            android:gravity="center" />    
    </item>   
     
    <item android:top="10dp" android:left="10dp">      
         <bitmap android:src="@drawable/android_green"
              android:gravity="center" />    
    </item>  
      
    <item android:top="20dp" android:left="20dp">     
             <bitmap android:src="@drawable/android_blue"
android:gravity="center" />   
    </item>
</layer-list>

b.    layout布局文件中的XML:
<ImageView  android:layout_height="wrap_content"   
     android:layout_width="wrap_content"   
      android:src="@drawable/layers" />
这样就实现了几个图片源文件的层叠效果,主要用于图像拼合

五。android官网帮助文档中selector(分别对控件在不同状态下的显示效果)的用法
1.所有属性
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    
    android:constantSize=["true" | "false"]    
    android:dither=["true" | "false"]    
    android:variablePadding=["true" | "false"] >    
   
  <item  android:drawable="@[package:]drawable/drawable_resource"       
         android:state_pressed=["true" | "false"]       
         android:state_focused=["true" | "false"]        
         android:state_hovered=["true" | "false"]       
         android:state_selected=["true" | "false"]        
         android:state_checkable=["true" | "false"]        
         android:state_checked=["true" | "false"]        
         android:state_enabled=["true" | "false"]        
         android:state_activated=["true" | "false"]        
         android:state_window_focused=["true" | "false"] />
</selector>
2.案例
a。drawable中新建的button.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">    
    <item android:state_pressed="true"
          android:drawable="@drawable/button_pressed" /> <!-- pressed -->    
<item android:state_focused="true"          
android:drawable="@drawable/button_focused" /> <!-- focused -->   
 
  <item android:state_hovered="true"
        android:drawable="@drawable/button_focused" /> <!-- hovered -->  
          
  <item android:drawable="@drawable/button_normal" /> <!-- default -->
</selector>
b、layout文件中的控件的属性中需加入
android:background="@drawable/button"


六。android官网帮助文档中Transition Drawable(实现控件淡入淡出)的用法
1.   所有属性
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<transitionxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >    
   
   <item  android:drawable="@[package:]drawable/drawable_resource"        
        android:id="@[+][package:]id/resource_name"        
        android:top="dimension"        
          android:right="dimension"        
          android:bottom="dimension"        
          android:left="dimension" />
</transition>
2.   案例
a。drawable中新建transition.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<transition xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">    
   <item android:drawable="@drawable/on" />    
   <item android:drawable="@drawable/off" />
</transition>
b。在layout布局文件的对应控件设置:
<ImageButton    
    android:id="@+id/button"    
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"    
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"    
    android:src="@drawable/transition" />
c。在Java代码中的实现对应控件的淡入淡出效果:
ImageButton button = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.button);TransitionDrawable drawable = (TransitionDrawable) button.getDrawable();drawable.startTransition(500);
startTransition(500)表示的是从transition.xml文件中的实现从上一项到下一项的转变所用的时间。



七。android官网帮助文档中Clip Drawable(实现剪辑图片资源)的用法
1.所有属性
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<clip    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    
   android:drawable="@drawable/drawable_resource"    
   android:clipOrientation=["horizontal" | "vertical"]    
   android:gravity=["top" | "bottom" | "left" | "right" | "center_vertical" | "fill_vertical" | "center_horizontal" | "fill_horizontal" | "center" | "fill" | "clip_vertical" | "clip_horizontal"] />
2.案例
a。drawable中新建clip.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<clip xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    
   android:drawable="@drawable/android"    
   android:clipOrientation="horizontal"    
   android:gravity="left" />
</clip>
b。layout布局文件对应控件设置:
<ImageView    android:id="@+id/image"    android:background="@drawable/clip"    android:layout_height="wrap_content"    android:layout_width="wrap_content" />

c。Java代码中实现对应控件的剪辑效果:
ImageView imageview = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image);ClipDrawable drawable = (ClipDrawable) imageview.getDrawable();drawable.setLevel(drawable.getLevel() + 1000);
setlevel():设置剪切的增量,默认为0,这时表示的是剪切整个控件,当等于10000时,剪切量为0,所以显示整个控件。

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