要好好研究一下。。。。。。。
模板一：
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
#define DIGIT 4 //四位隔开,即万进制
#define DEPTH 10000 //万进制
#define MAX 251 //题目最大位数/4，要不大直接设为最大位数也行
typedef int bignum_t[MAX+1];
/************************************************************************/
/* 读取操作数，对操作数进行处理存储在数组里 */
/************************************************************************/
int read(bignum_t a,istream&is=cin)
{
char buf[MAX*DIGIT+1],ch ;
int i,j ;
memset((void*)a,0,sizeof(bignum_t));
if(!(is>>buf))return 0 ;
for(a[0]=strlen(buf),i=a[0]/2-1;i>=0;i--)
ch=buf[i],buf[i]=buf[a[0]-1-i],buf[a[0]-1-i]=ch ;
for(a[0]=(a[0]+DIGIT-1)/DIGIT,j=strlen(buf);j<a[0]*DIGIT;buf[j++]='0');
for(i=1;i<=a[0];i++)
for(a[i]=0,j=0;j<DIGIT;j++)
a[i]=a[i]*10+buf[i*DIGIT-1-j]-'0' ;
for(;!a[a[0]]&&a[0]>1;a[0]--);
return 1 ;
}
void write(const bignum_t a,ostream&os=cout)
{
int i,j ;
for(os<<a[i=a[0]],i--;i;i--)
for(j=DEPTH/10;j;j/=10)
os<<a[i]/j%10 ;
}
int comp(const bignum_t a,const bignum_t b)
{
int i ;
if(a[0]!=b[0])
return a[0]-b[0];
for(i=a[0];i;i--)
if(a[i]!=b[i])
return a[i]-b[i];
return 0 ;
}
int comp(const bignum_t a,const int b)
{
int c[12]=
{
1
}
;
for(c[1]=b;c[c[0]]>=DEPTH;c[c[0]+1]=c[c[0]]/DEPTH,c[c[0]]%=DEPTH,c[0]++);
return comp(a,c);
}
int comp(const bignum_t a,const int c,const int d,const bignum_t b)
{
int i,t=0,O=-DEPTH*2 ;
if(b[0]-a[0]<d&&c)
return 1 ;
for(i=b[0];i>d;i--)
{
t=t*DEPTH+a[i-d]*c-b[i];
if(t>0)return 1 ;
if(t<O)return 0 ;
}
for(i=d;i;i--)
{
t=t*DEPTH-b[i];
if(t>0)return 1 ;
if(t<O)return 0 ;
}
return t>0 ;
}
/************************************************************************/
/* 大数与大数相加 */
/************************************************************************/
void add(bignum_t a,const bignum_t b)
{
int i ;
for(i=1;i<=b[0];i++)
if((a[i]+=b[i])>=DEPTH)
a[i]-=DEPTH,a[i+1]++;
if(b[0]>=a[0])
a[0]=b[0];
else
for(;a[i]>=DEPTH&&i<a[0];a[i]-=DEPTH,i++,a[i]++);
a[0]+=(a[a[0]+1]>0);
}
/************************************************************************/
/* 大数与小数相加 */
/************************************************************************/
void add(bignum_t a,const int b)
{
int i=1 ;
for(a[1]+=b;a[i]>=DEPTH&&i<a[0];a[i+1]+=a[i]/DEPTH,a[i]%=DEPTH,i++);
for(;a[a[0]]>=DEPTH;a[a[0]+1]=a[a[0]]/DEPTH,a[a[0]]%=DEPTH,a[0]++);
}
/************************************************************************/
/* 大数相减(被减数>=减数) */
/************************************************************************/
void sub(bignum_t a,const bignum_t b)
{
int i ;
for(i=1;i<=b[0];i++)
if((a[i]-=b[i])<0)
a[i+1]--,a[i]+=DEPTH ;
for(;a[i]<0;a[i]+=DEPTH,i++,a[i]--);
for(;!a[a[0]]&&a[0]>1;a[0]--);
}
/************************************************************************/
/* 大数减去小数(被减数>=减数) */
/************************************************************************/
void sub(bignum_t a,const int b)
{
int i=1 ;
for(a[1]-=b;a[i]<0;a[i+1]+=(a[i]-DEPTH+1)/DEPTH,a[i]-=(a[i]-DEPTH+1)/DEPTH*DEPTH,i++);
for(;!a[a[0]]&&a[0]>1;a[0]--);
}
void sub(bignum_t a,const bignum_t b,const int c,const int d)
{
int i,O=b[0]+d ;
for(i=1+d;i<=O;i++)
if((a[i]-=b[i-d]*c)<0)
a[i+1]+=(a[i]-DEPTH+1)/DEPTH,a[i]-=(a[i]-DEPTH+1)/DEPTH*DEPTH ;
for(;a[i]<0;a[i+1]+=(a[i]-DEPTH+1)/DEPTH,a[i]-=(a[i]-DEPTH+1)/DEPTH*DEPTH,i++);
for(;!a[a[0]]&&a[0]>1;a[0]--);
}
/************************************************************************/
/* 大数相乘，读入被乘数a，乘数b，结果保存在c[] */
/************************************************************************/
void mul(bignum_t c,const bignum_t a,const bignum_t b)
{
int i,j ;
memset((void*)c,0,sizeof(bignum_t));
for(c[0]=a[0]+b[0]-1,i=1;i<=a[0];i++)
for(j=1;j<=b[0];j++)
if((c[i+j-1]+=a[i]*b[j])>=DEPTH)
c[i+j]+=c[i+j-1]/DEPTH,c[i+j-1]%=DEPTH ;
for(c[0]+=(c[c[0]+1]>0);!c[c[0]]&&c[0]>1;c[0]--);
}
/************************************************************************/
/* 大数乘以小数，读入被乘数a，乘数b，结果保存在被乘数 */
/************************************************************************/
void mul(bignum_t a,const int b)
{
int i ;
for(a[1]*=b,i=2;i<=a[0];i++)
{
a[i]*=b ;
if(a[i-1]>=DEPTH)
a[i]+=a[i-1]/DEPTH,a[i-1]%=DEPTH ;
}
for(;a[a[0]]>=DEPTH;a[a[0]+1]=a[a[0]]/DEPTH,a[a[0]]%=DEPTH,a[0]++);
for(;!a[a[0]]&&a[0]>1;a[0]--);
}
void mul(bignum_t b,const bignum_t a,const int c,const int d)
{
int i ;
memset((void*)b,0,sizeof(bignum_t));
for(b[0]=a[0]+d,i=d+1;i<=b[0];i++)
if((b[i]+=a[i-d]*c)>=DEPTH)
b[i+1]+=b[i]/DEPTH,b[i]%=DEPTH ;
for(;b[b[0]+1];b[0]++,b[b[0]+1]=b[b[0]]/DEPTH,b[b[0]]%=DEPTH);
for(;!b[b[0]]&&b[0]>1;b[0]--);
}
/**************************************************************************/
/* 大数相除,读入被除数a，除数b，结果保存在c[]数组 */
/* 需要comp()函数 */
/**************************************************************************/
void div(bignum_t c,bignum_t a,const bignum_t b)
{
int h,l,m,i ;
memset((void*)c,0,sizeof(bignum_t));
c[0]=(b[0]<a[0]+1)?(a[0]-b[0]+2):1 ;
for(i=c[0];i;sub(a,b,c[i]=m,i-1),i--)
for(h=DEPTH-1,l=0,m=(h+l+1)>>1;h>l;m=(h+l+1)>>1)
if(comp(b,m,i-1,a))h=m-1 ;
else l=m ;
for(;!c[c[0]]&&c[0]>1;c[0]--);
c[0]=c[0]>1?c[0]:1 ;
}
void div(bignum_t a,const int b,int&c)
{
int i ;
for(c=0,i=a[0];i;c=c*DEPTH+a[i],a[i]=c/b,c%=b,i--);
for(;!a[a[0]]&&a[0]>1;a[0]--);
}
/************************************************************************/
/* 大数平方根，读入大数a，结果保存在b[]数组里 */
/* 需要comp()函数 */
/************************************************************************/
void sqrt(bignum_t b,bignum_t a)
{
int h,l,m,i ;
memset((void*)b,0,sizeof(bignum_t));
for(i=b[0]=(a[0]+1)>>1;i;sub(a,b,m,i-1),b[i]+=m,i--)
for(h=DEPTH-1,l=0,b[i]=m=(h+l+1)>>1;h>l;b[i]=m=(h+l+1)>>1)
if(comp(b,m,i-1,a))h=m-1 ;
else l=m ;
for(;!b[b[0]]&&b[0]>1;b[0]--);
for(i=1;i<=b[0];b[i++]>>=1);
}
/************************************************************************/
/* 返回大数的长度 */
/************************************************************************/
int length(const bignum_t a)
{
int t,ret ;
for(ret=(a[0]-1)*DIGIT,t=a[a[0]];t;t/=10,ret++);
return ret>0?ret:1 ;
}
/************************************************************************/
/* 返回指定位置的数字，从低位开始数到第b位，返回b位上的数 */
/************************************************************************/
int digit(const bignum_t a,const int b)
{
int i,ret ;
for(ret=a[(b-1)/DIGIT+1],i=(b-1)%DIGIT;i;ret/=10,i--);
return ret%10 ;
}
/************************************************************************/
/* 返回大数末尾0的个数 */
/************************************************************************/
int zeronum(const bignum_t a)
{
int ret,t ;
for(ret=0;!a[ret+1];ret++);
for(t=a[ret+1],ret*=DIGIT;!(t%10);t/=10,ret++);
return ret ;
}
void comp(int*a,const int l,const int h,const int d)
{
int i,j,t ;
for(i=l;i<=h;i++)
for(t=i,j=2;t>1;j++)
while(!(t%j))
a[j]+=d,t/=j ;
}
void convert(int*a,const int h,bignum_t b)
{
int i,j,t=1 ;
memset(b,0,sizeof(bignum_t));
for(b[0]=b[1]=1,i=2;i<=h;i++)
if(a[i])
for(j=a[i];j;t*=i,j--)
if(t*i>DEPTH)
mul(b,t),t=1 ;
mul(b,t);
}
/************************************************************************/
/* 组合数 */
/************************************************************************/
void combination(bignum_t a,int m,int n)
{
int*t=new int[m+1];
memset((void*)t,0,sizeof(int)*(m+1));
comp(t,n+1,m,1);
comp(t,2,m-n,-1);
convert(t,m,a);
delete[]t ;
}
/************************************************************************/
/* 排列数 */
/************************************************************************/
void permutation(bignum_t a,int m,int n)
{
int i,t=1 ;
memset(a,0,sizeof(bignum_t));
a[0]=a[1]=1 ;
for(i=m-n+1;i<=m;t*=i++)
if(t*i>DEPTH)
mul(a,t),t=1 ;
mul(a,t);
}
#define SGN(x) ((x)>0?1:((x)<0?-1:0))
#define ABS(x) ((x)>0?(x):-(x))
int read(bignum_t a,int&sgn,istream&is=cin)
{
char str[MAX*DIGIT+2],ch,*buf ;
int i,j ;
memset((void*)a,0,sizeof(bignum_t));
if(!(is>>str))return 0 ;
buf=str,sgn=1 ;
if(*buf=='-')sgn=-1,buf++;
for(a[0]=strlen(buf),i=a[0]/2-1;i>=0;i--)
ch=buf[i],buf[i]=buf[a[0]-1-i],buf[a[0]-1-i]=ch ;
for(a[0]=(a[0]+DIGIT-1)/DIGIT,j=strlen(buf);j<a[0]*DIGIT;buf[j++]='0');
for(i=1;i<=a[0];i++)
for(a[i]=0,j=0;j<DIGIT;j++)
a[i]=a[i]*10+buf[i*DIGIT-1-j]-'0' ;
for(;!a[a[0]]&&a[0]>1;a[0]--);
if(a[0]==1&&!a[1])sgn=0 ;
return 1 ;
}
struct bignum
{
bignum_t num ;
int sgn ;
public :
inline bignum()
{
memset(num,0,sizeof(bignum_t));
num[0]=1 ;
sgn=0 ;
}
inline int operator!()
{
return num[0]==1&&!num[1];
}
inline bignum&operator=(const bignum&a)
{
memcpy(num,a.num,sizeof(bignum_t));
sgn=a.sgn ;
return*this ;
}
inline bignum&operator=(const int a)
{
memset(num,0,sizeof(bignum_t));
num[0]=1 ;
sgn=SGN (a);
add(num,sgn*a);
return*this ;
}
;
inline bignum&operator+=(const bignum&a)
{
if(sgn==a.sgn)add(num,a.num);
else if
(sgn&&a.sgn)
{
int ret=comp(num,a.num);
if(ret>0)sub(num,a.num);
else if(ret<0)
{
bignum_t t ;
memcpy(t,num,sizeof(bignum_t));
memcpy(num,a.num,sizeof(bignum_t));
sub (num,t);
sgn=a.sgn ;
}
else memset(num,0,sizeof(bignum_t)),num[0]=1,sgn=0 ;
}
else if(!sgn)
memcpy(num,a.num,sizeof(bignum_t)),sgn=a.sgn ;
return*this ;
}
inline bignum&operator+=(const int a)
{
if(sgn*a>0)add(num,ABS(a));
else if(sgn&&a)
{
int ret=comp(num,ABS(a));
if(ret>0)sub(num,ABS(a));
else if(ret<0)
{
bignum_t t ;
memcpy(t,num,sizeof(bignum_t));
memset(num,0,sizeof(bignum_t));
num[0]=1 ;
add(num,ABS (a));
sgn=-sgn ;
sub(num,t);
}
else memset(num,0,sizeof(bignum_t)),num[0]=1,sgn=0 ;
}
else if
(!sgn)sgn=SGN(a),add(num,ABS(a));
return*this ;
}
inline bignum operator+(const bignum&a)
{
bignum ret ;
memcpy(ret.num,num,sizeof (bignum_t));
ret.sgn=sgn ;
ret+=a ;
return ret ;
}
inline bignum operator+(const int a)
{
bignum ret ;
memcpy(ret.num,num,sizeof (bignum_t));
ret.sgn=sgn ;
ret+=a ;
return ret ;
}
inline bignum&operator-=(const bignum&a)
{
if(sgn*a.sgn<0)add(num,a.num);
else if
(sgn&&a.sgn)
{
int ret=comp(num,a.num);
if(ret>0)sub(num,a.num);
else if(ret<0)
{
bignum_t t ;
memcpy(t,num,sizeof(bignum_t));
memcpy(num,a.num,sizeof(bignum_t));
sub(num,t);
sgn=-sgn ;
}
else memset(num,0,sizeof(bignum_t)),num[0]=1,sgn=0 ;
}
else if(!sgn)add (num,a.num),sgn=-a.sgn ;
return*this ;
}
inline bignum&operator-=(const int a)
{
if(sgn*a<0)add(num,ABS(a));
else if(sgn&&a)
{
int ret=comp(num,ABS(a));
if(ret>0)sub(num,ABS(a));
else if(ret<0)
{
bignum_t t ;
memcpy(t,num,sizeof(bignum_t));
memset(num,0,sizeof(bignum_t));
num[0]=1 ;
add(num,ABS(a));
sub(num,t);
sgn=-sgn ;
}
else memset(num,0,sizeof(bignum_t)),num[0]=1,sgn=0 ;
}
else if
(!sgn)sgn=-SGN(a),add(num,ABS(a));
return*this ;
}
inline bignum operator-(const bignum&a)
{
bignum ret ;
memcpy(ret.num,num,sizeof(bignum_t));
ret.sgn=sgn ;
ret-=a ;
return ret ;
}
inline bignum operator-(const int a)
{
bignum ret ;
memcpy(ret.num,num,sizeof(bignum_t));
ret.sgn=sgn ;
ret-=a ;
return ret ;
}
inline bignum&operator*=(const bignum&a)
{
bignum_t t ;
mul(t,num,a.num);
memcpy(num,t,sizeof(bignum_t));
sgn*=a.sgn ;
return*this ;
}
inline bignum&operator*=(const int a)
{
mul(num,ABS(a));
sgn*=SGN(a);
return*this ;
}
inline bignum operator*(const bignum&a)
{
bignum ret ;
mul(ret.num,num,a.num);
ret.sgn=sgn*a.sgn ;
return ret ;
}
inline bignum operator*(const int a)
{
bignum ret ;
memcpy(ret.num,num,sizeof (bignum_t));
mul(ret.num,ABS(a));
ret.sgn=sgn*SGN(a);
return ret ;
}
inline bignum&operator/=(const bignum&a)
{
bignum_t t ;
div(t,num,a.num);
memcpy (num,t,sizeof(bignum_t));
sgn=(num[0]==1&&!num[1])?0:sgn*a.sgn ;
return*this ;
}
inline bignum&operator/=(const int a)
{
int t ;
div(num,ABS(a),t);
sgn=(num[0]==1&&!num [1])?0:sgn*SGN(a);
return*this ;
}
inline bignum operator/(const bignum&a)
{
bignum ret ;
bignum_t t ;
memcpy(t,num,sizeof(bignum_t));
div(ret.num,t,a.num);
ret.sgn=(ret.num[0]==1&&!ret.num[1])?0:sgn*a.sgn ;
return ret ;
}
inline bignum operator/(const int a)
{
bignum ret ;
int t ;
memcpy(ret.num,num,sizeof(bignum_t));
div(ret.num,ABS(a),t);
ret.sgn=(ret.num[0]==1&&!ret.num[1])?0:sgn*SGN(a);
return ret ;
}
inline bignum&operator%=(const bignum&a)
{
bignum_t t ;
div(t,num,a.num);
if(num[0]==1&&!num[1])sgn=0 ;
return*this ;
}
inline int operator%=(const int a)
{
int t ;
div(num,ABS(a),t);
memset(num,0,sizeof (bignum_t));
num[0]=1 ;
add(num,t);
return t ;
}
inline bignum operator%(const bignum&a)
{
bignum ret ;
bignum_t t ;
memcpy(ret.num,num,sizeof(bignum_t));
div(t,ret.num,a.num);
ret.sgn=(ret.num[0]==1&&!ret.num [1])?0:sgn ;
return ret ;
}
inline int operator%(const int a)
{
bignum ret ;
int t ;
memcpy(ret.num,num,sizeof(bignum_t));
div(ret.num,ABS(a),t);
memset(ret.num,0,sizeof(bignum_t));
ret.num[0]=1 ;
add(ret.num,t);
return t ;
}
inline bignum&operator++()
{
*this+=1 ;
return*this ;
}
inline bignum&operator--()
{
*this-=1 ;
return*this ;
}
;
inline int operator>(const bignum&a)
{
return sgn>0?(a.sgn>0?comp(num,a.num)>0:1):(sgn<0?(a.sgn<0?comp(num,a.num)<0:0):a.sgn<0);
}
inline int operator>(const int a)
{
return sgn>0?(a>0?comp(num,a)>0:1):(sgn<0?(a<0?comp(num,-a)<0:0):a<0);
}
inline int operator>=(const bignum&a)
{
return sgn>0?(a.sgn>0?comp(num,a.num)>=0:1):(sgn<0?(a.sgn<0?comp(num,a.num)<=0:0):a.sgn<=0);
}
inline int operator>=(const int a)
{
return sgn>0?(a>0?comp(num,a)>=0:1):(sgn<0?(a<0?comp(num,-a)<=0:0):a<=0);
}
inline int operator<(const bignum&a)
{
return sgn<0?(a.sgn<0?comp(num,a.num)>0:1):(sgn>0?(a.sgn>0?comp(num,a.num)<0:0):a.sgn>0);
}
inline int operator<(const int a)
{
return sgn<0?(a<0?comp(num,-a)>0:1):(sgn>0?(a>0?comp(num,a)<0:0):a>0);
}
inline int operator<=(const bignum&a)
{
return sgn<0?(a.sgn<0?comp(num,a.num)>=0:1):(sgn>0?(a.sgn>0?comp(num,a.num)<=0:0):a.sgn>=0);
}
inline int operator<=(const int a)
{
return sgn<0?(a<0?comp(num,-a)>=0:1):
(sgn>0?(a>0?comp(num,a)<=0:0):a>=0);
}
inline int operator==(const bignum&a)
{
return(sgn==a.sgn)?!comp(num,a.num):0 ;
}
inline int operator==(const int a)
{
return(sgn*a>=0)?!comp(num,ABS(a)):0 ;
}
inline int operator!=(const bignum&a)
{
return(sgn==a.sgn)?comp(num,a.num):1 ;
}
inline int operator!=(const int a)
{
return(sgn*a>=0)?comp(num,ABS(a)):1 ;
}
inline int operator[](const int a)
{
return digit(num,a);
}
friend inline istream&operator>>(istream&is,bignum&a)
{
read(a.num,a.sgn,is);
return is ;
}
friend inline ostream&operator<<(ostream&os,const bignum&a)
{
if(a.sgn<0)
os<<'-' ;
write(a.num,os);
return os ;
}
friend inline bignum sqrt(const bignum&a)
{
bignum ret ;
bignum_t t ;
memcpy(t,a.num,sizeof(bignum_t));
sqrt(ret.num,t);
ret.sgn=ret.num[0]!=1||ret.num[1];
return ret ;
}
friend inline bignum sqrt(const bignum&a,bignum&b)
{
bignum ret ;
memcpy(b.num,a.num,sizeof(bignum_t));
sqrt(ret.num,b.num);
ret.sgn=ret.num[0]!=1||ret.num[1];
b.sgn=b.num[0]!=1||ret.num[1];
return ret ;
}
inline int length()
{
return :: length(num);
}
inline int zeronum()
{
return :: zeronum(num);
}
inline bignum C(const int m,const int n)
{
combination(num,m,n);
sgn=1 ;
return*this ;
}
inline bignum P(const int m,const int n)
{
permutation(num,m,n);
sgn=1 ;
return*this ;
}
};
int main()
{
bignum a,b,c;
cin>>a>>b;
cout<<"加法:"<<a+b<<endl;
cout<<"减法:"<<a-b<<endl;
cout<<"乘法:"<<a*b<<endl;
cout<<"除法:"<<a/b<<endl;
c=sqrt(a);
cout<<"平方根:"<<c<<endl;
cout<<"a的长度:"<<a.length()<<endl;
cout<<"a的末尾0个数:"<<a.zeronum()<<endl<<endl;
cout<<"组合: 从10个不同元素取3个元素组合的所有可能性为"<<c.C(10,3)<<endl;
cout<<"排列: 从10个不同元素取3个元素排列的所有可能性为"<<c.P(10,3)<<endl;
return 0 ;
}
模板二：
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
//允许生成1120位（二进制）的中间结果
#define BI_MAXLEN 105
#define DEC 10
#define HEX 16
class CBigInt
{
public:
//大数在0x100000000进制下的长度
unsigned m_nLength;
//用数组记录大数在0x100000000进制下每一位的值
unsigned long m_ulValue[BI_MAXLEN];
CBigInt();
~CBigInt();
/*****************************************************************
基本操作与运算
Mov，赋值运算，可赋值为大数或普通整数，可重载为运算符“=”
Cmp，比较运算，可重载为运算符“==”、“!=”、“>=”、“<=”等
Add，加，求大数与大数或大数与普通整数的和，可重载为运算符“+”
Sub，减，求大数与大数或大数与普通整数的差，可重载为运算符“-”
Mul，乘，求大数与大数或大数与普通整数的积，可重载为运算符“*”
Div，除，求大数与大数或大数与普通整数的商，可重载为运算符“/”
Mod，模，求大数与大数或大数与普通整数的模，可重载为运算符“%”
*****************************************************************/
void Mov(unsigned __int64 A);
void Mov(CBigInt& A);
CBigInt Add(CBigInt& A);
CBigInt Sub(CBigInt& A);
CBigInt Mul(CBigInt& A);
CBigInt Div(CBigInt& A);
CBigInt Mod(CBigInt& A);
CBigInt Add(unsigned long A);
CBigInt Sub(unsigned long A);
CBigInt Mul(unsigned long A);
CBigInt Div(unsigned long A);
unsigned long Mod(unsigned long A);
int Cmp(CBigInt& A);
/*****************************************************************
输入输出
Get，从字符串按10进制或16进制格式输入到大数
Put，将大数按10进制或16进制格式输出到字符串
*****************************************************************/
void Get(char str[], unsigned int system=DEC);
void Put(char str[], unsigned int system=DEC);
/*****************************************************************
RSA相关运算
Rab，拉宾米勒算法进行素数测试
Euc，欧几里德算法求解同余方程
RsaTrans，反复平方算法进行幂模运算
GetPrime，产生指定长度的随机大素数
*****************************************************************/
int Rab();
CBigInt Euc(CBigInt& A);
CBigInt RsaTrans(CBigInt& A, CBigInt& B);
void GetPrime(int bits);
};
//小素数表
const static int PrimeTable[550]=
{ 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31,
37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73,
79, 83, 89, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127,
131, 137, 139, 149, 151, 157, 163, 167, 173, 179,
181, 191, 193, 197, 199, 211, 223, 227, 229, 233,
239, 241, 251, 257, 263, 269, 271, 277, 281, 283,
293, 307, 311, 313, 317, 331, 337, 347, 349, 353,
359, 367, 373, 379, 383, 389, 397, 401, 409, 419,
421, 431, 433, 439, 443, 449, 457, 461, 463, 467,
479, 487, 491, 499, 503, 509, 521, 523, 541, 547,
557, 563, 569, 571, 577, 587, 593, 599, 601, 607,
613, 617, 619, 631, 641, 643, 647, 653, 659, 661,
673, 677, 683, 691, 701, 709, 719, 727, 733, 739,
743, 751, 757, 761, 769, 773, 787, 797, 809, 811,
821, 823, 827, 829, 839, 853, 857, 859, 863, 877,
881, 883, 887, 907, 911, 919, 929, 937, 941, 947,
953, 967, 971, 977, 983, 991, 997, 1009, 1013, 1019,
1021, 1031, 1033, 1039, 1049, 1051, 1061, 1063, 1069, 1087,
1091, 1093, 1097, 1103, 1109, 1117, 1123, 1129, 1151, 1153,
1163, 1171, 1181, 1187, 1193, 1201, 1213, 1217, 1223, 1229,
1231, 1237, 1249, 1259, 1277, 1279, 1283, 1289, 1291, 1297,
1301, 1303, 1307, 1319, 1321, 1327, 1361, 1367, 1373, 1381,
1399, 1409, 1423, 1427, 1429, 1433, 1439, 1447, 1451, 1453,
1459, 1471, 1481, 1483, 1487, 1489, 1493, 1499, 1511, 1523,
1531, 1543, 1549, 1553, 1559, 1567, 1571, 1579, 1583, 1597,
1601, 1607, 1609, 1613, 1619, 1621, 1627, 1637, 1657, 1663,
1667, 1669, 1693, 1697, 1699, 1709, 1721, 1723, 1733, 1741,
1747, 1753, 1759, 1777, 1783, 1787, 1789, 1801, 1811, 1823,
1831, 1847, 1861, 1867, 1871, 1873, 1877, 1879, 1889, 1901,
1907, 1913, 1931, 1933, 1949, 1951, 1973, 1979, 1987, 1993,
1997, 1999, 2003, 2011, 2017, 2027, 2029, 2039, 2053, 2063,
2069, 2081, 2083, 2087, 2089, 2099, 2111, 2113, 2129, 2131,
2137, 2141, 2143, 2153, 2161, 2179, 2203, 2207, 2213, 2221,
2237, 2239, 2243, 2251, 2267, 2269, 2273, 2281, 2287, 2293,
2297, 2309, 2311, 2333, 2339, 2341, 2347, 2351, 2357, 2371,
2377, 2381, 2383, 2389, 2393, 2399, 2411, 2417, 2423, 2437,
2441, 2447, 2459, 2467, 2473, 2477, 2503, 2521, 2531, 2539,
2543, 2549, 2551, 2557, 2579, 2591, 2593, 2609, 2617, 2621,
2633, 2647, 2657, 2659, 2663, 2671, 2677, 2683, 2687, 2689,
2693, 2699, 2707, 2711, 2713, 2719, 2729, 2731, 2741, 2749,
2753, 2767, 2777, 2789, 2791, 2797, 2801, 2803, 2819, 2833,
2837, 2843, 2851, 2857, 2861, 2879, 2887, 2897, 2903, 2909,
2917, 2927, 2939, 2953, 2957, 2963, 2969, 2971, 2999, 3001,
3011, 3019, 3023, 3037, 3041, 3049, 3061, 3067, 3079, 3083,
3089, 3109, 3119, 3121, 3137, 3163, 3167, 3169, 3181, 3187,
3191, 3203, 3209, 3217, 3221, 3229, 3251, 3253, 3257, 3259,
3271, 3299, 3301, 3307, 3313, 3319, 3323, 3329, 3331, 3343,
3347, 3359, 3361, 3371, 3373, 3389, 3391, 3407, 3413, 3433,
3449, 3457, 3461, 3463, 3467, 3469, 3491, 3499, 3511, 3517,
3527, 3529, 3533, 3539, 3541, 3547, 3557, 3559, 3571, 3581,
3583, 3593, 3607, 3613, 3617, 3623, 3631, 3637, 3643, 3659,
3671, 3673, 3677, 3691, 3697, 3701, 3709, 3719, 3727, 3733,
3739, 3761, 3767, 3769, 3779, 3793, 3797, 3803, 3821, 3823,
3833, 3847, 3851, 3853, 3863, 3877, 3881, 3889, 3907, 3911,
3917, 3919, 3923, 3929, 3931, 3943, 3947, 3967, 3989, 4001
};
//构造大数对象并初始化为零
CBigInt::CBigInt()
{
m_nLength=1;
for(int i=0;i<BI_MAXLEN;i++)m_ulValue[i]=0;
}
//解构大数对象
CBigInt::~CBigInt()
{
}
/****************************************************************************************
大数比较
调用方式：N.Cmp(A)
返回值：若N<A返回-1；若N=A返回0；若N>A返回1
****************************************************************************************/
int CBigInt::Cmp(CBigInt& A)
{
if(m_nLength>A.m_nLength)return 1;
if(m_nLength<A.m_nLength)return -1;
for(int i=m_nLength-1;i>=0;i--)
{
if(m_ulValue[i]>A.m_ulValue[i])return 1;
if(m_ulValue[i]<A.m_ulValue[i])return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/****************************************************************************************
大数赋值
调用方式：N.Mov(A)
返回值：无，N被赋值为A
****************************************************************************************/
void CBigInt::Mov(CBigInt& A)
{
m_nLength=A.m_nLength;
for(int i=0;i<BI_MAXLEN;i++)m_ulValue[i]=A.m_ulValue[i];
}
void CBigInt::Mov(unsigned __int64 A)
{
if(A>0xffffffff)
{
m_nLength=2;
m_ulValue[1]=(unsigned long)(A>>32);
m_ulValue[0]=(unsigned long)A;
}
else
{
m_nLength=1;
m_ulValue[0]=(unsigned long)A;
}
for(int i=m_nLength;i<BI_MAXLEN;i++)m_ulValue[i]=0;
}
/****************************************************************************************
大数相加
调用形式：N.Add(A)
返回值：N+A
****************************************************************************************/
CBigInt CBigInt::Add(CBigInt& A)
{
CBigInt X;
X.Mov(*this);
unsigned carry=0;
unsigned __int64 sum=0;
if(X.m_nLength<A.m_nLength)X.m_nLength=A.m_nLength;
for(unsigned i=0;i<X.m_nLength;i++)
{
sum=A.m_ulValue[i];
sum=sum+X.m_ulValue[i]+carry;
X.m_ulValue[i]=(unsigned long)sum;
carry=(unsigned)(sum>>32);
}
X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength]=carry;
X.m_nLength+=carry;
return X;
}
CBigInt CBigInt::Add(unsigned long A)
{
CBigInt X;
X.Mov(*this);
unsigned __int64 sum;
sum=X.m_ulValue[0];
sum+=A;
X.m_ulValue[0]=(unsigned long)sum;
if(sum>0xffffffff)
{
unsigned i=1;
while(X.m_ulValue[i]==0xffffffff){X.m_ulValue[i]=0;i++;}
X.m_ulValue[i]++;
if(m_nLength==i)m_nLength++;
}
return X;
}
/****************************************************************************************
大数相减
调用形式：N.Sub(A)
返回值：N-A
****************************************************************************************/
CBigInt CBigInt::Sub(CBigInt& A)
{
CBigInt X;
X.Mov(*this);
if(X.Cmp(A)<=0){X.Mov(0);return X;}
unsigned carry=0;
unsigned __int64 num;
unsigned i;
for(i=0;i<m_nLength;i++)
{
if((m_ulValue[i]>A.m_ulValue[i])||((m_ulValue[i]==A.m_ulValue[i])&&(carry==0)))
{
X.m_ulValue[i]=m_ulValue[i]-carry-A.m_ulValue[i];
carry=0;
}
else
{
num=0x100000000+m_ulValue[i];
X.m_ulValue[i]=(unsigned long)(num-carry-A.m_ulValue[i]);
carry=1;
}
}
while(X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-1]==0)X.m_nLength--;
return X;
}
CBigInt CBigInt::Sub(unsigned long A)
{
CBigInt X;
X.Mov(*this);
if(X.m_ulValue[0]>=A){X.m_ulValue[0]-=A;return X;}
if(X.m_nLength==1){X.Mov(0);return X;}
unsigned __int64 num=0x100000000+X.m_ulValue[0];
X.m_ulValue[0]=(unsigned long)(num-A);
int i=1;
while(X.m_ulValue[i]==0){X.m_ulValue[i]=0xffffffff;i++;}
X.m_ulValue[i]--;
if(X.m_ulValue[i]==0)X.m_nLength--;
return X;
}
/****************************************************************************************
大数相乘
调用形式：N.Mul(A)
返回值：N*A
****************************************************************************************/
CBigInt CBigInt::Mul(CBigInt& A)
{
if(A.m_nLength==1)return Mul(A.m_ulValue[0]);
CBigInt X;
unsigned __int64 sum,mul=0,carry=0;
unsigned i,j;
X.m_nLength=m_nLength+A.m_nLength-1;
for(i=0;i<X.m_nLength;i++)
{
sum=carry;
carry=0;
for(j=0;j<A.m_nLength;j++)
{
if(((i-j)>=0)&&((i-j)<m_nLength))
{
mul=m_ulValue[i-j];
mul*=A.m_ulValue[j];
carry+=mul>>32;
mul=mul&0xffffffff;
sum+=mul;
}
}
carry+=sum>>32;
X.m_ulValue[i]=(unsigned long)sum;
}
if(carry){X.m_nLength++;X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-1]=(unsigned long)carry;}
return X;
}
CBigInt CBigInt::Mul(unsigned long A)
{
CBigInt X;
unsigned __int64 mul;
unsigned long carry=0;
X.Mov(*this);
for(unsigned i=0;i<m_nLength;i++)
{
mul=m_ulValue[i];
mul=mul*A+carry;
X.m_ulValue[i]=(unsigned long)mul;
carry=(unsigned long)(mul>>32);
}
if(carry){X.m_nLength++;X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-1]=carry;}
return X;
}
/****************************************************************************************
大数相除
调用形式：N.Div(A)
返回值：N/A
****************************************************************************************/
CBigInt CBigInt::Div(CBigInt& A)
{
if(A.m_nLength==1)return Div(A.m_ulValue[0]);
CBigInt X,Y,Z;
unsigned i,len;
unsigned __int64 num,div;
Y.Mov(*this);
while(Y.Cmp(A)>=0)
{
div=Y.m_ulValue[Y.m_nLength-1];
num=A.m_ulValue[A.m_nLength-1];
len=Y.m_nLength-A.m_nLength;
if((div==num)&&(len==0)){X.Mov(X.Add(1));break;}
if((div<=num)&&len){len--;div=(div<<32)+Y.m_ulValue[Y.m_nLength-2];}
div=div/(num+1);
Z.Mov(div);
if(len)
{
Z.m_nLength+=len;
for(i=Z.m_nLength-1;i>=len;i--)Z.m_ulValue[i]=Z.m_ulValue[i-len];
for(i=0;i<len;i++)Z.m_ulValue[i]=0;
}
X.Mov(X.Add(Z));
Y.Mov(Y.Sub(A.Mul(Z)));
}
return X;
}
CBigInt CBigInt::Div(unsigned long A)
{
CBigInt X;
X.Mov(*this);
if(X.m_nLength==1){X.m_ulValue[0]=X.m_ulValue[0]/A;return X;}
unsigned __int64 div,mul;
unsigned long carry=0;
for(int i=X.m_nLength-1;i>=0;i--)
{
div=carry;
div=(div<<32)+X.m_ulValue[i];
X.m_ulValue[i]=(unsigned long)(div/A);
mul=(div/A)*A;
carry=(unsigned long)(div-mul);
}
if(X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-1]==0)X.m_nLength--;
return X;
}
/****************************************************************************************
大数求模
调用形式：N.Mod(A)
返回值：N%A
****************************************************************************************/
CBigInt CBigInt::Mod(CBigInt& A)
{
CBigInt X,Y;
unsigned __int64 div,num;
unsigned long carry=0;
unsigned i,len;
X.Mov(*this);
while(X.Cmp(A)>=0)
{
div=X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-1];
num=A.m_ulValue[A.m_nLength-1];
len=X.m_nLength-A.m_nLength;
if((div==num)&&(len==0)){X.Mov(X.Sub(A));break;}
if((div<=num)&&len){len--;div=(div<<32)+X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-2];}
div=div/(num+1);
Y.Mov(div);
Y.Mov(A.Mul(Y));
if(len)
{
Y.m_nLength+=len;
for(i=Y.m_nLength-1;i>=len;i--)Y.m_ulValue[i]=Y.m_ulValue[i-len];
for(i=0;i<len;i++)Y.m_ulValue[i]=0;
}
X.Mov(X.Sub(Y));
}
return X;
}
unsigned long CBigInt::Mod(unsigned long A)
{
if(m_nLength==1)return(m_ulValue[0]%A);
unsigned __int64 div;
unsigned long carry=0;
for(int i=m_nLength-1;i>=0;i--)
{
div=m_ulValue[i];
div+=carry*0x100000000;
carry=(unsigned long)(div%A);
}
return carry;
}
/****************************************************************************************
从字符串按10进制或16进制格式输入到大数
调用格式：N.Get(str,sys)
返回值：N被赋值为相应大数
sys暂时只能为10或16
****************************************************************************************/
void CBigInt::Get(char str[], unsigned int system)
{
int len=strlen(str),k;
Mov(0);
for(int i=0;i<len;i++)
{
Mov(Mul(system));
if((str[i]>='0')&&(str[i]<='9'))k=str[i]-48;
else if((str[i]>='A')&&(str[i]<='F'))k=str[i]-55;
else if((str[i]>='a')&&(str[i]<='f'))k=str[i]-87;
else k=0;
Mov(Add(k));
}
}
/****************************************************************************************
将大数按10进制或16进制格式输出为字符串
调用格式：N.Put(str,sys)
返回值：无，参数str被赋值为N的sys进制字符串
sys暂时只能为10或16
****************************************************************************************/
void CBigInt::Put(char str[], unsigned int system)
{
if((m_nLength==1)&&(m_ulValue[0]==0)){str="0";return;}
char t[]="0123456789ABCDEF";
int a;
char ch;
CBigInt X;
X.Mov(*this);
int i = 0;
while(X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-1]>0)
{
a=X.Mod(system);
ch=t[a];
str[i++] = ch;
X.Mov(X.Div(system));
}
str[i] = 0x00;
int len = strlen(str) - 1;
int half_len = strlen(str) / 2;
char tmp;
for (i = 0; i<half_len; i++)
{
tmp = str[i];
str[i] = str[len-i];
str[len-i] = tmp;
}
}
/****************************************************************************************
求不定方程ax-by=1的最小整数解
调用方式：N.Euc(A)
返回值：X,满足：NX mod A=1
****************************************************************************************/
CBigInt CBigInt::Euc(CBigInt& A)
{
CBigInt M,E,X,Y,I,J;
int x,y;
M.Mov(A);
E.Mov(*this);
X.Mov(0);
Y.Mov(1);
x=y=1;
while((E.m_nLength!=1)||(E.m_ulValue[0]!=0))
{
I.Mov(M.Div(E));
J.Mov(M.Mod(E));
M.Mov(E);
E.Mov(J);
J.Mov(Y);
Y.Mov(Y.Mul(I));
if(x==y)
{
if(X.Cmp(Y)>=0)Y.Mov(X.Sub(Y));
else{Y.Mov(Y.Sub(X));y=0;}
}
else{Y.Mov(X.Add(Y));x=1-x;y=1-y;}
X.Mov(J);
}
if(x==0)X.Mov(A.Sub(X));
return X;
}
/****************************************************************************************
求乘方的模
调用方式：N.RsaTrans(A,B)
返回值：X=N^A MOD B
****************************************************************************************/
CBigInt CBigInt::RsaTrans(CBigInt& A, CBigInt& B)
{
CBigInt X,Y;
int i,j,k;
unsigned n;
unsigned long num;
k=A.m_nLength*32-32;
num=A.m_ulValue[A.m_nLength-1];
while(num){num=num>>1;k++;}
X.Mov(*this);
for(i=k-2;i>=0;i--)
{
Y.Mov(X.Mul(X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-1]));
Y.Mov(Y.Mod(B));
for(n=1;n<X.m_nLength;n++)
{
for(j=Y.m_nLength;j>0;j--)Y.m_ulValue[j]=Y.m_ulValue[j-1];
Y.m_ulValue[0]=0;
Y.m_nLength++;
Y.Mov(Y.Add(X.Mul(X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-n-1])));
Y.Mov(Y.Mod(B));
}
X.Mov(Y);
if((A.m_ulValue[i>>5]>>(i&31))&1)
{
Y.Mov(Mul(X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-1]));
Y.Mov(Y.Mod(B));
for(n=1;n<X.m_nLength;n++)
{
for(j=Y.m_nLength;j>0;j--)Y.m_ulValue[j]=Y.m_ulValue[j-1];
Y.m_ulValue[0]=0;
Y.m_nLength++;
Y.Mov(Y.Add(Mul(X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-n-1])));
Y.Mov(Y.Mod(B));
}
X.Mov(Y);
}
}
return X;
}
/****************************************************************************************
拉宾米勒算法测试素数
调用方式：N.Rab()
返回值：若N为素数，返回1，否则返回0
****************************************************************************************/
int CBigInt::Rab()
{
unsigned i,j,pass;
for(i=0;i<550;i++){if(Mod(PrimeTable[i])==0)return 0;}
CBigInt S,A,I,K;
K.Mov(*this);
K.m_ulValue[0]--;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
pass=0;
A.Mov(rand()*rand());
S.Mov(K);
while((S.m_ulValue[0]&1)==0)
{
for(j=0;j<S.m_nLength;j++)
{
S.m_ulValue[j]=S.m_ulValue[j]>>1;
if(S.m_ulValue[j+1]&1)S.m_ulValue[j]=S.m_ulValue[j]|0x80000000;
}
if(S.m_ulValue[S.m_nLength-1]==0)S.m_nLength--;
I.Mov(A.RsaTrans(S,*this));
if(I.Cmp(K)==0){pass=1;break;}
}
if((I.m_nLength==1)&&(I.m_ulValue[0]==1))pass=1;
if(pass==0)return 0;
}
return 1;
}
/****************************************************************************************
产生随机素数
调用方法：N.GetPrime(bits)
返回值：N被赋值为一个bits位（0x100000000进制长度）的素数
****************************************************************************************/
void CBigInt::GetPrime(int bits)
{
unsigned i;
m_nLength=bits;
begin:
for(i=0;i<m_nLength;i++)m_ulValue[i]=rand()*0x10000+rand();
m_ulValue[0]=m_ulValue[0]|1;
for(i=m_nLength-1;i>0;i--)
{
m_ulValue[i]=m_ulValue[i]<<1;
if(m_ulValue[i-1]&0x80000000)m_ulValue[i]++;
}
m_ulValue[0]=m_ulValue[0]<<1;
m_ulValue[0]++;
for(i=0;i<550;i++){if(Mod(PrimeTable[i])==0)goto begin;}
CBigInt S,A,I,K;
K.Mov(*this);
K.m_ulValue[0]--;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
A.Mov(rand()*rand());
S.Mov(K.Div(2));
I.Mov(A.RsaTrans(S,*this));
if(((I.m_nLength!=1)||(I.m_ulValue[0]!=1))&&(I.Cmp(K)!=0))goto begin;
}
}
int main()
{
int t;
int i, j;
CBigInt big_a, big_b, big_ans;
char ans[2005], a[1005], b[1005];
while (scanf("%d", &t) != EOF)
{
for (i = 0; i<t; i++)
{
if (i != 0)
printf("/n");
scanf("%s%s", a, b);
big_a.Get(a);
big_b.Get(b);
big_ans = big_a.Add(big_b);
big_ans.Put(ans);
printf("Case %d:/n%s + %s = %s/n", i+1, a, b, ans);
}
}
return 0;
}