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再探DBUS-GLIB Binding,GLIB事件与DBUS事件是如何关联的

2017年12月20日 ⁄ 综合 ⁄ 共 8232字 ⁄ 字号 评论关闭

转自:

http://weiyuhu.javaeye.com/blog/540117

 

 

再探DBUS-GLIB Binding,GLIB事件与DBUS事件是如何关联的

关键字: 再探dbus-glib binding,glib事件与dbus事件是如何关联的

DBus有两种API接口,一种是直接使用DBUS的 low-level
API,一种是使用Binding,Bindings有不同的类型,有PERL Binding、PYTHON Binding、GLIB
Binding等。这里主要关注使用GLIB binding。和low-level API不同的是,GLIB binding则能够完成GLIB
OBJECT的本地事件(native signal)与DBus事件的绑定,下面描述使用DBUS,Signal事件发送和接收的基本过程。

1、Signal被发送到DBus Daemon,这个过程如果使用low-level API,这个过程需要程序直接完成;如果使用GLIB
Binding,则GLIB
OBJECT发送本地的Signal时自动完成。这个本地的Signal,就是g_signal_emit方法发出的GLIB
OBJECT的Signal。

2、Signal包含接口的标识、Signal的标识、以及发送者的标识、其他参数。

3、DBus上的任何进程可以提交Signal的“过滤规则”。

4、DBus Daemon根据Signal过滤规则,将Signal发送到各个进程。

5、Signal接收进程接到Signal进行处理,如果使用low-level API,则直接处理Signal;如果使用的是GLIB Binding,GLIB Binding将在其代理对象上触发一个本地事件(emit a native signal )

下面回到DBus-GLIB的例子程序,详细说明这个过程。DBus-GLIB Binding的例子运行过程如《初探DBUS(1)》一文所示(如果有疑问需要获取源码请参见初探DBUS(1)),在例子主干逻辑如下:

1、example-signal-recipient程序负责定期向发起example-signal-emitter程序emitHelloSignal远程方法调用

2、example-signal-emitter程序为emitHelloSignal的服务器端,接收到调用后,向example-signal-recipient发送HELLO_SIGNAL的SIGNAL事件

3、example-signal-recipient接收到事件并打印。

example-signal-emitter程序的分析如下:

(1)从example-signal-emitter.xml文件生成对应的example-signal-emitter-glue.h文件

example-signal-emitter.xml文件如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<node name="/">

  <interface name="org.designfu.TestService">

    <method name="emitHelloSignal">

    </method>

   

    <!-- Mark the signal as exported -->

    <signal name="HelloSignal"/>

  </interface>

</node>

命令行如下:

dbus-binding-tool --prefix=test_object --mode=glib-server --output=example-signal-emitter-glue.h ./example-signal-emitter.xml

example-signal-emitter-glue.h定义了本地的对象中哪个Signal与DBus的Signal绑定。
example-signal-emitter-glue.h原码中定义了HelloSignal的DBus
的Signal与本地定义Signal绑定

const DBusGObjectInfo dbus_glib_test_object_object_info = {

  0,

  dbus_glib_test_object_methods,

  1,

"org.designfu.TestService/0emitHelloSignal/0S/0/0/0",

"org.designfu.TestService/0HelloSignal/0/0",

"/0"

};

(2)example-signal-emitter.c中定义了一个GOBJECT风格的“对象”
TestObject。TestObject的class_init方法定义了hello_signal
的本地Signal。关于GOBJECT的对象模型请查看GOBJECT的相关文档。

static void test_object_class_init (TestObjectClass *klass)

{

signals[HELLO_SIGNAL] =

    g_signal_new ("hello_signal",

          G_OBJECT_CLASS_TYPE (klass),

                  G_SIGNAL_RUN_LAST | G_SIGNAL_DETAILED,

                  0,

                  NULL, NULL,

                  g_cclosure_marshal_VOID__STRING,

                  G_TYPE_NONE, 1, G_TYPE_STRING);

}

这里有一个问题,名为“HelloSignal”的DBus事件如何同名为“hello_signal”关联的?这个问题可以从./dbus-
gobject.c的export_signals 函数得到解答,该函数调用了s =
_dbus_gutils_wincaps_to_uscore
(signame);_dbus_gutils_wincaps_to_uscore这个函数将HelloSignal翻译成了hello_signal

(3)当example-signal-emitter在接收到emitHelloSignal远程方法调用中发出"hello_signal"的本地Signal

g_signal_emit (obj, signals[HELLO_SIGNAL], 0, "Hello");

本地的Signal如何触发DBus的Signal呢?到回example-signal-emitter的主函数继续分析

  (3.1)初始化

  DBusGConnection *bus;

  DBusGProxy *bus_proxy;

  GError *error = NULL;

  TestObject *obj;

  GMainLoop *mainloop;

  guint request_name_result;

  g_type_init ();

  dbus_g_object_type_install_info (TEST_TYPE_OBJECT, &dbus_glib_test_object_object_info);

dbus_glib_test_object_object_info见第(1)步的的说明

(3.2)设置本地Signal与DBus Signal的绑定

  mainloop = g_main_loop_new (NULL, FALSE);

  bus = dbus_g_bus_get (DBUS_BUS_SESSION, &error);

  if (!bus)

    lose_gerror ("Couldn't connect to session bus", error);

  bus_proxy = dbus_g_proxy_new_for_name (bus, "org.freedesktop.DBus",

                     "/org/freedesktop/DBus",

                     "org.freedesktop.DBus");

  if (!dbus_g_proxy_call (bus_proxy, "RequestName", &error,

              G_TYPE_STRING, "org.designfu.TestService",

              G_TYPE_UINT, 0,

              G_TYPE_INVALID,

              G_TYPE_UINT, &request_name_result,

              G_TYPE_INVALID))

    lose_gerror ("Failed to acquire org.designfu.TestService", error);

  obj = g_object_new (TEST_TYPE_OBJECT, NULL);

  dbus_g_connection_register_g_object (bus, "/org/designfu/TestService/object", G_OBJECT (obj));

  printf ("test service running/n");

  g_main_loop_run (mainloop);

  exit (0);

dbus_g_connection_register_g_object方法中调用了上文提到的export_signals ,export_signals 对每个export的本地signal进行了如下的操作:

          closure = dbus_g_signal_closure_new (connection, object, signame, (char*) iface);

          g_closure_set_marshal (closure, signal_emitter_marshaller);

          g_signal_connect_closure_by_id (object,

                          id,

                          0,

                          closure,

                          FALSE);

          g_closure_add_finalize_notifier (closure, NULL,

                           dbus_g_signal_closure_finalize);

closure是什么呢?文档说“A GClosure represents a callback supplied by the
programmer.”
g_signal_connect_closure_by_id函数为每个本地的Signal(参数id,是本地Signal的ID)挂载一个处理回调的
closure,closure中关键函数是signal_emitter_marshaller

static void

signal_emitter_marshaller (GClosure        *closure,

                           GValue          *retval,

                           guint            n_param_values,

                           const GValue    *param_values,

                           gpointer         invocation_hint,

                           gpointer         marshal_data)

{

  DBusGSignalClosure *sigclosure;

  DBusMessage *signal;

  DBusMessageIter iter;

  guint i;

  const char *path;

  sigclosure = (DBusGSignalClosure *) closure;

  g_assert (retval == NULL);

  path = _dbus_gobject_get_path (sigclosure->object);

  g_assert (path != NULL);

  signal = dbus_message_new_signal (path,

                                    sigclosure->sigiface,

                                    sigclosure->signame);

  if (!signal)

    {

      g_error ("out of memory");

      return;

    }

  dbus_message_iter_init_append (signal, &iter);

  /* First argument is the object itself, and we can't marshall that */

  for (i = 1; i < n_param_values; i++)

    {

      if (!_dbus_gvalue_marshal (&iter,

                                (GValue *) (&(param_values[i]))))

        {

          g_warning ("failed to marshal parameter %d for signal %s",

                     i, sigclosure->signame);

          goto out;

        }

    }

  dbus_connection_send (DBUS_CONNECTION_FROM_G_CONNECTION (sigclosure->connection),

                        signal, NULL);

out:

  dbus_message_unref (signal);

}

可以很清晰的看到,dbus_connection_send
的过程,于是,本地的signal触发--〉dbus_g_closure-->signal_emitter_marshaller,在
signal_emitter_marshaller将DBus的Signal发送了出去。

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

example-signal-recipient的主干逻辑代码如下:

(1)初始化Session Bus连接,并获取远程对象。

  DBusGConnection *bus;

  DBusGProxy *remote_object;

  GError *error = NULL;

  GMainLoop *mainloop;

  g_type_init ();

  mainloop = g_main_loop_new (NULL, FALSE);

  bus = dbus_g_bus_get (DBUS_BUS_SESSION, &error);

  if (!bus)

    lose_gerror ("Couldn't connect to session bus", error);

  /* We use _for_name_owner in order to track this particular service

   * instance, which lets us receive signals.

   */

  remote_object = dbus_g_proxy_new_for_name (bus,

                         "org.designfu.TestService",

                         "/org/designfu/TestService/object",

                         "org.designfu.TestService");

  if (!remote_object)

    lose_gerror ("Failed to get name owner", error);

(2)被注释掉的重要步骤:注册Signal处理的marshaller。

由于例子使用的远程调用方法emitHelloSignal不带参数,因此可以使用系统内置的marshaller,因此例子程序中将
dbus_g_object_register_marshaller注释了。这里参照pidgin
项目(另一个使用DBus的著名开源项目)的DBus用法,将该步骤补上,在pidgin的例子中,Signal的interface名
为"im.pidgin.purple.PurpleInterface"

(2.1)查看Signal的“函数原型”,使用dbus-monitor命令进行查找:

命令行:dbus-monitor type=signal interface="im.pidgin.purple.PurpleInterface"

结果:

signal sender=:1.21 -> dest=(null destination)
path=/im/pidgin/purple/PurpleObject;
interface=im.pidgin.purple.PurpleInterface; member=ReceivedImMsg

int32 1097

string "mybuddy@hotmail.com"

string "<FONT FACE="Times"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Hi!</FONT></FONT>"

int32 8728

uint32 0

(2.2)生成marshal.list文件

内容如下:

VOID:INT,STRING,STRING,INT,UINT

其含义是:返回为VOID,参数类型按次序为

INT,STRING,STRING,INT,UINT

(2.3)生成marshal.h和marshal.c

glib-genmarshal --header --prefix=marshal marshal.list > marshal.h

glib-genmarshal --body --prefix=marshal marshal.list > marshal.c

(2.4)注册marshaller

dbus_g_object_register_marshaller(marshal_VOID__INT_STRING_STRING_INT_UINT,

G_TYPE_NONE, G_TYPE_INT, G_TYPE_STRING,

G_TYPE_STRING, G_TYPE_INT, G_TYPE_UINT,

G_TYPE_INVALID);

(3)设置需处理的HelloSignal事件

dbus_g_proxy_add_signal (remote_object, "HelloSignal", G_TYPE_STRING, G_TYPE_INVALID);

dbus_g_proxy_connect_signal (remote_object, "HelloSignal", G_CALLBACK (hello_signal_handler),

                   NULL, NULL);

(4)设置一个定时器,定期发起emitHelloSignal调用。

定时器回调方法如下:

static gboolean emit_signal (gpointer arg)

{

  DBusGProxy *proxy = arg;

  dbus_g_proxy_call_no_reply (proxy, "emitHelloSignal", G_TYPE_INVALID);

  return TRUE;

}

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