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Java Http协议 断点续传

2017年12月24日 ⁄ 综合 ⁄ 共 8992字 ⁄ 字号 评论关闭

断点续传原理

其实断点续传的原理很简单,就是在 Http 的请求上和一般的下载有所不同而已。 

打个比方,浏览器请求服务器上的一个文时,所发出的请求如下: 
假设服务器域名为 wwww.sjtu.edu.cn,文件名为 down.zip。 
GET /down.zip HTTP/1.1 
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms- 
excel, application/msword, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, */* 
Accept-Language: zh-cn 
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate 
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0) 
Connection: Keep-Alive

服务器收到请求后,按要求寻找请求的文件,提取文件的信息,然后返回给浏览器,返回信息如下:

200 
Content-Length=106786028 
Accept-Ranges=bytes 
Date=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:56:11 GMT 
ETag=W/"02ca57e173c11:95b" 
Content-Type=application/octet-stream 
Server=Microsoft-IIS/5.0 
Last-Modified=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:56:11 GMT

所谓断点续传,也就是要从文件已经下载的地方开始继续下载。所以在客户端浏览器传给 Web 服务器的时候要多加一条信息 -- 从哪里开始。 
下面是用自己编的一个"浏览器"来传递请求信息给 Web 服务器,要求从 2000070 字节开始。 
GET /down.zip HTTP/1.0 
User-Agent: NetFox 
RANGE: bytes=2000070- 
Accept: text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, *; q=.2, */*; q=.2

仔细看一下就会发现多了一行 RANGE: bytes=2000070- 
这一行的意思就是告诉服务器 down.zip 这个文件从 2000070 字节开始传,前面的字节不用传了。 
服务器收到这个请求以后,返回的信息如下: 
206 
Content-Length=106786028 
Content-Range=bytes 2000070-106786027/106786028 
Date=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:55:20 GMT 
ETag=W/"02ca57e173c11:95b" 
Content-Type=application/octet-stream 
Server=Microsoft-IIS/5.0 
Last-Modified=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:55:20 GMT

和前面服务器返回的信息比较一下,就会发现增加了一行: 
Content-Range=bytes 2000070-106786027/106786028 
返回的代码也改为 206 了,而不再是 200 了。

知道了以上原理,就可以进行断点续传的编程了。

Java 实现关键点

  1. (1) 用什么方法实现提交 RANGE: bytes=2000070-。 
    当然用最原始的 Socket 是肯定能完成的,不过那样太费事了,其实 Java 的 net 包中提供了这种功能。代码如下: 

    URL url = new URL("http://www.sjtu.edu.cn/down.zip"); 
    HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); 

    // 设置 User-Agent 
    httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","NetFox"); 
    // 设置断点续传的开始位置 
    httpConnection.setRequestProperty("RANGE","bytes=2000070"); 
    // 获得输入流 
    InputStream input = httpConnection.getInputStream(); 

    从输入流中取出的字节流就是 down.zip 文件从 2000070 开始的字节流。 大家看,其实断点续传用 Java 实现起来还是很简单的吧。 接下来要做的事就是怎么保存获得的流到文件中去了。

  2. 保存文件采用的方法。 
    我采用的是 IO 包中的 RandAccessFile 类。 
    操作相当简单,假设从 2000070 处开始保存文件,代码如下: 
    RandomAccess oSavedFile = new RandomAccessFile("down.zip","rw"); 
    long nPos = 2000070; 
    // 定位文件指针到 nPos 位置 
    oSavedFile.seek(nPos); 
    byte[] b = new byte[1024]; 
    int nRead; 
    // 从输入流中读入字节流,然后写到文件中 
    while((nRead=input.read(b,0,1024)) > 0) 

    oSavedFile.write(b,0,nRead); 
Java实现案例
主要用了 6 个类,包括一个测试类。 
SiteFileFetch.java 负责整个文件的抓取,控制内部线程 (FileSplitterFetch 类 )。 
FileSplitterFetch.java 负责部分文件的抓取。 
FileAccess.java 负责文件的存储。 
SiteInfoBean.java 要抓取的文件的信息,如文件保存的目录,名字,抓取文件的 URL 等。 
Utility.java 工具类,放一些简单的方法。 
TestMethod.java 测试类。 
public class Utility {
	 public Utility() 
	 { 
	 } 
	 public static void sleep(int nSecond) 
	 { 
		 try{ 
			 Thread.sleep(nSecond); 
		 } 
		 catch(Exception e) 
		 { 
			 e.printStackTrace (); 
		 } 
	 } 
	 public static void log(String sMsg) 
	 { 
		 System.err.println(sMsg); 
	 } 
	 public static void log(int sMsg) 
	 { 
		 System.err.println(sMsg); 
	 } 
}

public class SiteInfoBean {
	 private String sSiteURL; //Site's URL 
	 private String sFilePath; //Saved File's Path 
	 private String sFileName; //Saved File's Name 
	 private int nSplitter; //Count of Splited Downloading File 
	 public SiteInfoBean() 
	 { 
	    //default value of nSplitter is 5 
		this("","","",5); 
	 } 
	 public SiteInfoBean(String sURL,String sPath,String sName,int nSpiltter)
	 { 
		 sSiteURL= sURL; 
		 sFilePath = sPath; 
		 sFileName = sName; 
		 this.nSplitter = nSpiltter; 
	 } 
	 public String getSSiteURL() 
	 { 
		 return sSiteURL; 
	 } 
	 public void setSSiteURL(String value) 
	 { 
		 sSiteURL = value; 
	 } 
	 public String getSFilePath() 
	 { 
		 return sFilePath; 
	 } 
	 public void setSFilePath(String value) 
	 { 
		 sFilePath = value; 
	 } 
	 public String getSFileName() 
	 { 
		 return sFileName; 
	 } 
	 public void setSFileName(String value) 
	 { 
		 sFileName = value; 
	 } 
	 public int getNSplitter() 
	 { 
		 return nSplitter; 
	 } 
	 public void setNSplitter(int nCount) 
	 { 
		 nSplitter = nCount; 
	 } 
}
//负责文件存储
public class FileAccessI implements Serializable {
	 RandomAccessFile oSavedFile; 
	 long nPos; 
	 public FileAccessI() throws IOException 
	 { 
		 this("",0); 
	 } 
	 public FileAccessI(String sName,long nPos) throws IOException 
	 { 
		 oSavedFile = new RandomAccessFile(sName,"rw"); 
		 this.nPos = nPos; 
		 oSavedFile.seek(nPos); 
	 } 
	 public synchronized int write(byte[] b,int nStart,int nLen) 
	 { 
		 int n = -1; 
		 try{ 
			 oSavedFile.write(b,nStart,nLen); 
			 n = nLen; 
		 } 
		 catch(IOException e) 
		 { 
			 e.printStackTrace (); 
		 } 
		 return n; 
	 } 
}

//负责部分文件抓取
public class FileSplitterFetch extends Thread {
	 String sURL;     //File URL 
	 long nStartPos;  //File Snippet Start Position 
	 long nEndPos;    //File Snippet End Position 
	 int nThreadID;   //Thread's ID 
	 boolean bDownOver = false;       //Downing is over 
	 boolean bStop = false;           //Stop identical 
	 FileAccessI fileAccessI = null;  //File Access interface 
	 public FileSplitterFetch(String sURL,String sName,long nStart,long nEnd,int id) throws IOException 
	 { 
		 this.sURL = sURL; 
		 this.nStartPos = nStart; 
		 this.nEndPos = nEnd; 
		 nThreadID = id; 
		 fileAccessI = new FileAccessI(sName,nStartPos); 
	 } 
	 public void run() 
	 { 
		 while(nStartPos < nEndPos && !bStop) 
		 { 
			 try{ 
				 URL url = new URL(sURL); 
				 HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection (); 
				 String userAgent= System.getProperty("http.agent");
				 httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", userAgent);
			     // httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","NetFox"); 
				 String sProperty = "bytes="+nStartPos+"-"; 
				 httpConnection.setRequestProperty("RANGE",sProperty); 
				 Utility.log(sProperty); 
				 InputStream input = httpConnection.getInputStream(); 
				 byte[] b = new byte[1024]; 
				 int nRead; 
				 while((nRead=input.read(b,0,1024)) > 0 && nStartPos < nEndPos && !bStop) 
				 { 
					 nStartPos += fileAccessI.write(b,0,nRead); 
				 } 
				 Utility.log("Thread " + nThreadID + " is over!"); 
				 bDownOver = true; 
			 } 
			 catch(Exception e){
				 e.printStackTrace ();
			 } 
		 } 
	 } 

	 public void logResponseHead(HttpURLConnection con) 
	 { 
		 for(int i=1;;i++) 
		 { 
			 String header=con.getHeaderFieldKey(i); 
			 if(header!=null) 
				 Utility.log(header+" : "+con.getHeaderField(header)); 
			 else 
				 break; 
		 } 
	 } 
	 public void splitterStop() 
	 { 
		 bStop = true; 
	 } 
}

//负责整个文件抓取
public class SiteFileFetch extends Thread {
	 SiteInfoBean siteInfoBean = null; // 文件信息 Bean 
	 long[] nStartPos; 				   // 开始位置
	 long[] nEndPos; 				   // 结束位置
	 FileSplitterFetch[] fileSplitterFetch; // 子线程对象
	 long nFileLength; 			// 文件长度
	 boolean bFirst = true;		// 是否第一次取文件
	 boolean bStop = false; 	// 停止标志
	 File tmpFile;              // 文件下载的临时信息
	 DataOutputStream output;   // 输出到文件的输出流
	 public SiteFileFetch(SiteInfoBean bean) throws IOException 
	 { 
		 siteInfoBean = bean; 
		 //注意androd环境下是否info结尾。
		 tmpFile = new File(bean.getSFilePath()+File.separator + bean.getSFileName()+".info");
		 if(tmpFile.exists ()) 
		 { 
			 bFirst = false; 
			 read_nPos(); 
		 } 
		 else 
		 { 
			 nStartPos = new long[bean.getNSplitter()]; 
			 nEndPos = new long[bean.getNSplitter()]; 
		 } 
	 } 
	 public void run() 
	 { 
		 // 获得文件长度
		 // 分割文件
		 // 实例 FileSplitterFetch 
		 // 启动 FileSplitterFetch 线程
		 // 等待子线程返回
		 try{ 
			 if(bFirst) 
			 { 
				 nFileLength = getFileSize(); 
				 if(nFileLength == -1) 
				 { 
					 System.err.println("File Length is not known!"); 
				 } 
				 else if(nFileLength == -2) 
				 { 
					 System.err.println("File is not access!"); 
				 } 
				 else 
				 { 
					 for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++) 
					 { 
						 nStartPos[i] = (long)(i*(nFileLength/nStartPos.length)); 
					 } 
					 for(int i=0;i<nEndPos.length-1;i++) 
					 { 
						 nEndPos[i] = nStartPos[i+1]; 
					 } 
				     nEndPos[nEndPos.length-1] = nFileLength; 
				 } 
			 } 
			 
			 // 启动子线程
			 fileSplitterFetch = new FileSplitterFetch[nStartPos.length]; 
			 for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++) 
			 { 
				 fileSplitterFetch[i] = new FileSplitterFetch(siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL(), siteInfoBean.getSFilePath() + File.separator + siteInfoBean.getSFileName(),nStartPos[i],nEndPos[i],i); 
				 Utility.log("Thread " + i + " , nStartPos = " + nStartPos[i] + ", nEndPos = " + nEndPos[i]); 
				 fileSplitterFetch[i].start(); 
			 } 
			 boolean breakWhile = false; 
			 while(!bStop) 
			 { 
				 write_nPos(); 
				 Utility.sleep(500); 
				 breakWhile = true; 
				 for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++) 
				 { 
					 if(!fileSplitterFetch[i].bDownOver) 
					 { 
						 breakWhile = false; 
						 break; 
					 } 
				 } 
				 if(breakWhile) 
				 break; 
			} 
		    System.err.println("文件下载结束!"); 
		 } 
		 catch(Exception e){
			 e.printStackTrace ();
		 } 
	 } 
	 
	 // 获得文件长度
	 public long getFileSize() 
	 { 
		 int nFileLength = -1; 
		 try{ 
			 URL url = new URL(siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL()); 
			 HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection ();
			 String userAgent= System.getProperty("http.agent");
			 httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", userAgent);
			 int responseCode=httpConnection.getResponseCode(); 
			 if(responseCode>=400) 
			 { 
				 processErrorCode(responseCode); 
				 return -2; //-2 represent access is error 
			 } 
			 String sHeader; 
			 for(int i=1;;i++) 
			 { 
			     sHeader=httpConnection.getHeaderFieldKey(i); 
				 if(sHeader!=null) 
				 { 
					 if(sHeader.equals("Content-Length")) 
					 { 
						 nFileLength = Integer.parseInt(httpConnection.getHeaderField(sHeader)); 
						 break; 
					 } 
			     } 
			     else 
			     break; 
			 } 
		 } 
		 catch(IOException e){
			 e.printStackTrace ();
		 } 
		 catch(Exception e){
			 e.printStackTrace ();
		 } 
		 Utility.log(nFileLength); 
		 return nFileLength; 
	 } 
	 
	 // 保存下载信息(文件指针位置)
	 private void write_nPos() 
	 { 
		 try{ 
			 output = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(tmpFile)); 
			 output.writeInt(nStartPos.length); 
			 for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++) 
			 { 
				 output.writeLong(fileSplitterFetch[i].nStartPos); 
				 output.writeLong(fileSplitterFetch[i].nEndPos); 
			 } 
			 output.close(); 
		 } 
		 catch(IOException e){
			 e.printStackTrace ();
		 } 
		 catch(Exception e){
			 e.printStackTrace ();
		 } 
	 } 
	 
	 // 读取保存的下载信息(文件指针位置)
	 private void read_nPos() 
	 { 
		 try{ 
			 DataInputStream input = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(tmpFile)); 
			 int nCount = input.readInt(); 
			 nStartPos = new long[nCount]; 
			 nEndPos = new long[nCount]; 
			 for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++) 
			 { 
				 nStartPos[i] = input.readLong(); 
				 nEndPos[i] = input.readLong(); 
			 } 
			 input.close(); 
		 } 
		 catch(IOException e){
			 e.printStackTrace ();
		 } 
		 catch(Exception e){
			 e.printStackTrace ();
		 } 
	 } 
	 
	 private void processErrorCode(int nErrorCode) 
	 { 
		 System.err.println("Error Code : " + nErrorCode); 
	 } 
	 
	 // 停止文件下载
	 public void siteStop() 
	 { 
		 bStop = true; 
		 for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++) 
		 fileSplitterFetch[i].splitterStop(); 
	 } 
}

public class TestMethod {
	public TestMethod() 
	 {  
		 try{ 
			 SiteInfoBean bean = new SiteInfoBean("http://10.10.9.182:8080/download/test.zip","D:\\temp","test.zip",5); 
			 SiteFileFetch fileFetch = new SiteFileFetch(bean); 
			 fileFetch.start(); 
		 } 
		 catch(Exception e){
			 e.printStackTrace ();
		 } 
	} 
	public static void main(String[] args) 
	 { 
		 new TestMethod(); 
	 } 
}


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