学步园

Operation	In-Place?	Copies Table?	Allows Concurrent DML?	Allows Concurrent Query?	Notes
CREATE INDEX,ADD INDEX	Yes*	No*	Yes	Yes	Some restrictions for FULLTEXT index; see next row. Currently, the operation is not in-place (that is, it copies the table) if the same index being created was also dropped by an earlier clause in the sameALTER TABLE statement.
ADD FULLTEXT INDEX	Yes	No*	No	Yes	Creating the first FULLTEXT index for a table involves a table copy, unless there is a user-supplied FTS_DOC_ID column. Subsequent FULLTEXT indexes on the same table can be created in-place.
DROP INDEX	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
OPTIMIZE TABLE	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Uses ALGORITHM=INPLACE as of MySQL 5.6.17. ALGORITHM=COPY is used if old_alter_table=1 ormysqld --skip-new option is enabled.OPTIMIZE TABLE using online DDL (ALGORITHM=INPLACE) is not supported for tables with FULLTEXT indexes.
Set default value for a column	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Modifies .frm file only, not the data file.
Change auto-increment value for a column	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Modifies a value stored in memory, not the data file.
Add a foreign key constraint	Yes*	No*	Yes	Yes	To avoid copying the table, disableforeign_key_checks during constraint creation.
Drop a foreign key constraint	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	The foreign_key_checks option can be enabled or disabled.
Rename a column	Yes*	No*	Yes*	Yes	To allow concurrent DML, keep the same data type and only change the column name.
Add a column	Yes	Yes	Yes*	Yes	Concurrent DML is not allowed when adding an auto-increment column. Although ALGORITHM=INPLACE is allowed, the data is reorganized substantially, so it is still an expensive operation.
Drop a column	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Although ALGORITHM=INPLACE is allowed, the data is reorganized substantially, so it is still an expensive operation.
Reorder columns	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Although ALGORITHM=INPLACE is allowed, the data is reorganized substantially, so it is still an expensive operation.
ChangeROW_FORMATproperty	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Although ALGORITHM=INPLACE is allowed, the data is reorganized substantially, so it is still an expensive operation.
ChangeKEY_BLOCK_SIZEproperty	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Although ALGORITHM=INPLACE is allowed, the data is reorganized substantially, so it is still an expensive operation.
Make columnNULL	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Although ALGORITHM=INPLACE is allowed, the data is reorganized substantially, so it is still an expensive operation.
Make column NOT NULL	Yes*	Yes	Yes	Yes	When SQL_MODE includesstrict_all_tables orstrict_all_tables, the operation fails if the column contains any nulls. Although ALGORITHM=INPLACE is allowed, the data is reorganized substantially, so it is still an expensive operation.
Change data type of column	No	Yes	No	Yes
Add primary key	Yes*	Yes	Yes	Yes	Although ALGORITHM=INPLACE is allowed, the data is reorganized substantially, so it is still an expensive operation. ALGORITHM=INPLACE is not allowed under certain conditions if columns have to be converted to NOT NULL. See Example 14.9, “Creating and Dropping the Primary Key”.
Drop primary keyand add another	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	ALGORITHM=INPLACE is only allowed when you add a new primary key in the same ALTER TABLE; the data is reorganized substantially, so it is still an expensive operation.
Drop primary key	No	Yes	No	Yes	Restrictions apply when you drop a primary key primary key without adding a new one in the same ALTER TABLEstatement.
Convert character set	No	Yes	No	Yes	Rebuilds the table if the new character encoding is different.
Specify character set	No	Yes	No	Yes	Rebuilds the table if the new character encoding is different.
Rebuild withFORCE option	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Uses ALGORITHM=INPLACE as of MySQL 5.6.17. ALGORITHM=COPY is used if old_alter_table=1 ormysqld --skip-new option is enabled. Table rebuild using online DDL (ALGORITHM=INPLACE) is not supported for tables with FULLTEXT indexes.
Rebuild with “null”ALTER TABLE ... ENGINE=INNODB	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Uses ALGORITHM=INPLACE as of MySQL 5.6.17. ALGORITHM=COPY is used if old_alter_table=1 ormysqld --skip-new option is enabled. Table rebuild using online DDL (ALGORITHM=INPLACE) is not supported for tables with FULLTEXT indexes.

实际测试中add primary key 和修改字段类型是需要copy tmp table的并且阻塞dml操作，另外在5.6.17版本之前时候用alter table table_name engine=innodb 是需要 copy table的并且也阻塞dml。

本来打算翻译成中文，后来发现这些英文实在是太简单了，就直接贴出来吧。

参考：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/innodb-create-index-overview.html#innodb-online-ddl-summary-grid