使用多线程编程可以显著提高程序的运行速度，由于现在的操作系统都是多核的，所以一个多线程的程序，由于系统内核是基于时间片轮询的，所以多线程程序再用系统内核的时间大大增多，所完成的任务就更快。
线程池头文件：
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------#ifndef CworkQueueH#define CworkQueueH//---------------------------------------------------------------------------#include <queue>#include<vcl.h>classCWorkQueue;/**用法原理：通过派生类WorkItemBase的dowork方法来实现，线程处理任务通过create任务创建线程，并且这些线程一直在for循环里等待事件监听一旦任务栈里有数据了触发线程执行任务。**//*------------------------------------------------------------------------WorkItemBasethis is the basic WorkItem that the Work Queue Use its interfaceThis class should be inherited and these virtual abstract functionsimplemented.DoWork()virtual abstract function is the function that is called when thework item turn has came to be poped out of the queue and be processed.Abort ()This function is called, when the Destroy function is called, for each of the WorkItemsThat are left in the queue.------------------------------------------------------------------------*/classWorkItemBase{virtualvoid DoWork(void* pThreadContext) = 0;virtualvoid Abort () = 0;friendCWorkQueue;};typedefstd::queue<WorkItemBase*> WorkItemQueue,*PWorkItemQueue;/*------------------------------------------------------------------------CWorkQueueThis is the WorkOueue class also known as thread pool,the basic idea of this class is creating thread that are waiting on a queueof work item when the queue is inserted with items the threads wake up andperform the requered work and go to sleep again.------------------------------------------------------------------------*/class CWorkQueue{public:virtual~CWorkQueue(){};boolCreate(constunsigned int nNumberOfThreads,void* *pThreadDataArray = NULL);boolInsertWorkItem(WorkItemBase* pWorkItem);voidDestroy(int int private:staticunsigned long__stdcall ThreadFunc( void* pParam );WorkItemBase* RemoveWorkItem();int enum{ABORT_EVENT_INDEX = 0,SEMAPHORE_INDEX,NUMBER_OF_SYNC_OBJ,};//申请到的线程PHANDLE m_phThreads;unsigned int m_nNumberOfThreads;void* m_pThreadDataArray;HANDLE m_phSincObjectsArray[NUMBER_OF_SYNC_OBJ];CRITICAL_SECTION m_CriticalSection;PWorkItemQueue m_pWorkItemQueue;};#endif |
CPP实现
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------#pragma hdrstop#include "CworkQueue.h"//---------------------------------------------------------------------------#include <assert.h>typedefstruct _THREAD_CONTEXT{CWorkQueue* pWorkQueue;void* pThreadData;} THREAD_CONTEXT,*PTHREAD_CONTEXT;/*------------------------------------------------------------------------建立多线程 nNumberOfThreads多线程数目 ThreadData线程函数执行的参数------------------------------------------------------------------------*/boolCWorkQueue::Create(constunsigned int nNumberOfThreads,void* *ThreadData /*=NULL*/){//创建任务队列，存放后续将要执行的任务m_pWorkItemQueue =new WorkItemQueue();if(NULL == m_pWorkItemQueue ){returnfalse;}//m_phSincObjectsArray保存了线程池的信号量和事件//m_phSincObjectsArray[ABORT_EVENT_INDEX]保存的是事件，当用户设置退出事件时使用//m_phSincObjectsArray[SEMAPHORE_INDEX]保存信号量，当用户设置执行任务时使用//创建信号量（多线程同步使用）/*在信号量上我们定义两种操作： Wait（等待） 和 Release（释放）。当一个线程调用Wait操作时，它要么得到资源然后将信号量减一，要么一直等下去（指放入阻塞队列），直到信号量大于等于一时。Release（释放）实际上是在信号量上执行加操作*/m_phSincObjectsArray[SEMAPHORE_INDEX] = CreateSemaphore(NULL,0,LONG_MAX,NULL);if(m_phSincObjectsArray[SEMAPHORE_INDEX] == NULL){deletem_pWorkItemQueue;m_pWorkItemQueue = NULL;returnfalse;}//创建事件为手动置位，一次只能进入一个，False为初始不是运行状态（多线程同步使用）m_phSincObjectsArray[ABORT_EVENT_INDEX] = CreateEvent(NULL,TRUE,FALSE,NULL);if(m_phSincObjectsArray[ABORT_EVENT_INDEX] == NULL){deletem_pWorkItemQueue;m_pWorkItemQueue = NULL;CloseHandle(m_phSincObjectsArray[SEMAPHORE_INDEX]);returnfalse;}//创建并初始化临界区（多线程互斥访问使用）InitializeCriticalSection(&m_CriticalSection);//创建线程数组m_phThreads = new HANDLE[nNumberOfThreads];if(m_phThreads == NULL){deletem_pWorkItemQueue;m_pWorkItemQueue = NULL;CloseHandle(m_phSincObjectsArray[SEMAPHORE_INDEX]);CloseHandle(m_phSincObjectsArray[ABORT_EVENT_INDEX]);DeleteCriticalSection(&m_CriticalSection);returnfalse;}unsigned inti;m_nNumberOfThreads = nNumberOfThreads;DWORDdwThreadId;PTHREAD_CONTEXT pThreadsContext;//创建所有的线程for(i = 0 ; i < nNumberOfThreads ; i++ ){//初始化线程函数运行时传入的参数pThreadsContext =new THREAD_CONTEXT;pThreadsContext->pWorkQueue =this;pThreadsContext->pThreadData = ThreadData == NULL? NULL : ThreadData[i];//创建线程m_phThreads[i] = CreateThread(NULL,0,CWorkQueue::ThreadFunc,pThreadsContext,0,&dwThreadId);if(m_phThreads[i] == NULL){deletepThreadsContext;m_nNumberOfThreads = i;Destroy(5);returnfalse;}}returntrue;}/*------------------------------------------------------------------------向任务队列添加任务任务执行类通过继承基类WorkItemBase之后使用多态函数DoWork来完成真实任务------------------------------------------------------------------------*/boolCWorkQueue::InsertWorkItem(WorkItemBase* pWorkItem){assert(pWorkItem != NULL);//多线程互斥访问，进入临界区EnterCriticalSection(&m_CriticalSection);//将任务插入队列m_pWorkItemQueue->push(pWorkItem);//离开临界区LeaveCriticalSection(&m_CriticalSection);//释放信号量，使信号量加1，促使后面的Wailt操作执行if(!ReleaseSemaphore(m_phSincObjectsArray[SEMAPHORE_INDEX],1,NULL)){assert(false);returnfalse;}returntrue;}/*------------------------------------------------------------------------从工作队列中移除对象，并返回移除的对象------------------------------------------------------------------------*/WorkItemBase* CWorkQueue::RemoveWorkItem(){WorkItemBase* pWorkItem;//多线程间访问互斥，进入临界区EnterCriticalSection(&m_CriticalSection);//移除对象pWorkItem = m_pWorkItemQueue->front();m_pWorkItemQueue->pop();//离开临界区，其他等待线程可以进入临界区LeaveCriticalSection(&m_CriticalSection);assert(pWorkItem != NULL);returnpWorkItem;}/*------------------------------------------------------------------------线程执行的函数，实际执行的是任务队列中的DoWork()------------------------------------------------------------------------*/unsigned long __stdcall CWorkQueue::ThreadFunc(void* pParam ){//创建线程时传入的参数PTHREAD_CONTEXT pThreadContext = (PTHREAD_CONTEXT)pParam;WorkItemBase* pWorkItem = NULL;CWorkQueue* pWorkQueue = pThreadContext->pWorkQueue;void* pThreadData = pThreadContext->pThreadData;DWORDdwWaitResult;for(;;){//WaitForMultipleObjects等待pWorkQueue->m_phSincObjectsArray信号量数组两件事//一个是执行任务的释放信号量，一个是异常的释放信号量//当WaitForMultipleObjects等到多个内核对象的时候，如果它的bWaitAll 参数设置为false。//其返回值减去WAIT_OBJECT_0 就是参数lpHandles数组的序号。如果同时有多个内核对象被触发，//这个函数返回的只是其中序号最小的那个。如果为TRUE 则等待所有信号量有效在往下执行。//（FALSE 当有其中一个信号量有效时就向下执行）//本文WaitForMultipleObjects等待执行任务的信号量和退出销毁任务信息的事件//当有新任务添加到任务队列，设置执行任务信号量，触发任务执行//当设置退出事件时，销毁任务信息，所有线程因为没有设置事件复位信息，因此会全部销毁dwWaitResult = WaitForMultipleObjects(NUMBER_OF_SYNC_OBJ,pWorkQueue->m_phSincObjectsArray,FALSE,INFINITE);//WaitForMultipleObjects返回数组pWorkQueue->m_phSincObjectsArray编号switch(dwWaitResult - WAIT_OBJECT_0){//返回异常编号caseABORT_EVENT_INDEX:deletepThreadContext;return0;//返回执行任务编号caseSEMAPHORE_INDEX://从任务队列取一个任务执行pWorkItem = pWorkQueue->RemoveWorkItem();if(pWorkItem == NULL){assert(false);break;}//执行真正的任务pWorkItem->DoWork(pThreadData);break;default:assert(false);deletepThreadContext;return0;}}//删除线程参数deletepThreadContext;return1;}/**获取线程总数**/intCWorkQueue::GetThreadTotalNum(){returnm_nNumberOfThreads;}/**获取任务池的大小**/intCWorkQueue::GetWorekQueueSize(){//多线程间访问互斥，进入临界区EnterCriticalSection(&m_CriticalSection);intiWorkQueueSize = m_pWorkItemQueue->size();//离开临界区LeaveCriticalSection(&m_CriticalSection);returniWorkQueueSize;}/*------------------------------------------------------------------------Destroy销毁线程池------------------------------------------------------------------------*/voidCWorkQueue::Destroy(intiWairSecond){//为防止子线程任务没有执行完，主线程就销毁线程池，就加入一个等待函数while(0 != GetWorekQueueSize()){//主线程等待线程池完成所有任务Sleep(iWairSecond*1000);}//设置退出事件，所有线程因为没有设置事件复位信息，因此会全部销毁if(!SetEvent(m_phSincObjectsArray[ABORT_EVENT_INDEX])){assert(false);return;}//wait for all the threads to endWaitForMultipleObjects(m_nNumberOfThreads,m_phThreads,true,INFINITE);//clean queuewhile(!m_pWorkItemQueue->empty()){m_pWorkItemQueue->front()->Abort();m_pWorkItemQueue->pop();}deletem_pWorkItemQueue;m_pWorkItemQueue = NULL;CloseHandle(m_phSincObjectsArray[SEMAPHORE_INDEX]);CloseHandle(m_phSincObjectsArray[ABORT_EVENT_INDEX]);DeleteCriticalSection(&m_CriticalSection);//close all threads handlesfor(inti = 0 ; i < m_nNumberOfThreads ; i++)CloseHandle(m_phThreads[i]);delete[] m_phThreads;}#pragma package(smart_init) |
使用方式：
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------#ifndef CworkItemH#define CworkItemH#include "CworkQueue.h"#include "OprateEXCEL.h"//---------------------------------------------------------------------------classCworkItem :publicWorkItemBase{public:void DoWork(void* pThreadContext);void Abort ();void SetWriteContent(constvTExcelSheetDate &tvTExcelSheetDate);void SetExcelPath(constString &ExcelPath);private://要写入Excel的内容vTExcelSheetDate m_vTExcelSheetDate;//Excel文件的路径String m_ExcelPath;};#endif//---------------------------------------------------------------------------#pragma hdrstop#include "CworkItem.h"//---------------------------------------------------------------------------/******************************************************************************函数功能： 保存Excel写入内容****************************************作者：时间：2013.6.30********************************************************************************/void CworkItem::SetWriteContent(constvTExcelSheetDate &tvTExcelSheetDate){m_vTExcelSheetDate.clear();vTExcelSheetDate().swap(m_vTExcelSheetDate);m_vTExcelSheetDate = tvTExcelSheetDate;}/******************************************************************************函数功能： 保存Excel保存路径****************************************作者：时间：2013.6.30********************************************************************************/void CworkItem::SetExcelPath(constString &ExcelPath){m_ExcelPath = ExcelPath;}/******************************************************************************函数功能： 实现基类的工作方法****************************************作者： 时间：2013.6.30********************************************************************************/void CworkItem::DoWork(void* pThreadContext){OperateExcel taOperateExcel;String sError;taOperateExcel.WriteDateToExcel(m_ExcelPath,m_vTExcelSheetDate,sError);//工作完成后，自我了断deletethis;}voidCworkItem::Abort (){deletethis;} |
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CworkItem *pCworkItem =new CworkItem();pCworkItem->SetWriteContent(tvTExcelSheetDate);pCworkItem->SetExcelPath(sFilePath);m_CWorkQueue.InsertWorkItem(pCworkItem);pCworkItem = new CworkItem();pCworkItem->SetWriteContent(tvTExcelSheetDate);sFilePath = "F:\\Project\\多线程写excel\\song1.xls";pCworkItem->SetExcelPath(sFilePath);m_CWorkQueue.InsertWorkItem(pCworkItem);m_CWorkQueue.Destroy(5); |