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Being Monitored Motivates Less Electricity Use
【科学60秒】1024 监督与节能
Using less energy saves money and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. And various studies have looked at ways to get households to use less energy. Now there’s evidence that people in
such a study use less energy…because they’re in a study.
节约能源不仅可以省钱还可以减少温室气体排放。许多研究已经发现一些方法可以减少居民能源消耗而不影响正常使用。现在有一项证据显示人们处在被研究的状态下可以节约能源，因为他们正在被研究中……
The general phenomenon is called the Hawthorne effect: study subjects change their behavior because they’re being observed. So researchers collaborated with a utility to test for
the Hawthorne effect in electricity use.
这个普通的现象就叫做霍索恩效应：被研究的客体会改变他们的行为，因为他们正在被观察。因此研究人员们与一些公司合作监测电力使用中的霍索恩效应。
They monitored almost 5,600 randomly selected households. Half received a postcard saying that their energy use would be monitored for a month for research purposes. They also got
four follow-up reminder postcards over the month. They received no other information, instructions or incentives.
被监测的家庭都是随机选择的，大概有5600户。一半的家庭会收到一张明信片，上面写道他们的能源使用情况将会因科学研究目的而被监测一个月。接下来的一个月内他们还会随之收到4张提醒明信片.除此之外，他们不会收到任何其它信息，比如指导或者鼓励之类的。
The control group monitored for the study got no notifications. That group continued using the same amount of electricity. But the families being tracked reduced energy use 2.7 percent.
And when the study period ended, their energy use shot back up. The report is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. [Daniel Schwartz et al., The Hawthorne effect and energy awareness]
对照组的家庭也是被监测但是没有被通知或者提醒说他们正在被监测中。所以这组的家庭们继续保持和以前一样的电力消耗。而上述被告知正在被监测的试验组家庭电力使用的情况减少了2.7%。当这个研究结束后，他们的能源使用突然就恢复常态了。该研究报告已发表在《国家科学研究进展》上了。
Clearly, mindful consumers can find ways to easily lower their energy consumption. Perhaps policy makers can find a way to use the Hawthorne effect to everyone’s advantage.
很明显，被告知的消费者能找到合适的方法轻松的降低自己的能源消耗。或许政策制定者们能找到利用霍索恩效应的一种一举两得的方法来处理能源使用问题。
—Cynthia Graber