apue全称指的是Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment,即由超级大神W.Richard Stevens 写的unix环境高级编程。这本书可以算的上是unix环境编程的圣经,小弟不才,将一些学习经验分享,大家就仁者见仁智者见智吧。
由于书中的示例包含的文件很多,而版面有限,那么就来看看作者自己编写的头文件<apue.h>吧。这个头文件主要包含了经常要用到的头文件<stdio.h>,<stdlib.h>,<unistd.h>以及<string.h>。新建一个文件命名为apue.h,保存一下内容即可。
/* Our own header, to be included before all standard system headers */ #ifndef _APUE_H #define _APUE_H #if defined(SOLARIS) #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500 /* Single UNIX Specification, Version 2 for Solaris 9 */ #define CMSG_LEN(x) _CMSG_DATA_ALIGN(sizeof(struct cmsghdr)+(x)) #elif !defined(BSD) #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 /* Single UNIX Specification, Version 3 */ #endif #include <sys/types.h> /* some systems still require this */ #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/termios.h> /* for winsize */ #ifndef TIOCGWINSZ #include <sys/ioctl.h> #endif #include <stdio.h> /* for convenience */ #include <stdlib.h> /* for convenience */ #include <stddef.h> /* for offsetof */ #include <string.h> /* for convenience */ #include <unistd.h> /* for convenience */ #include <signal.h> /* for SIG_ERR */ #define MAXLINE 4096 /* max line length */ /* * Default file access permissions for new files. */ #define FILE_MODE (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH) /* * Default permissions for new directories. */ #define DIR_MODE (FILE_MODE | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH) typedef void Sigfunc(int); /* for signal handlers */ #if defined(SIG_IGN) && !defined(SIG_ERR) #define SIG_ERR ((Sigfunc *)-1) #endif #define min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b)) #define max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b)) /* * Prototypes for our own functions. */ char *path_alloc(int *); /* {Prog pathalloc} */ long open_max(void); /* {Prog openmax} */ void clr_fl(int, int); /* {Prog setfl} */ void set_fl(int, int); /* {Prog setfl} */ void pr_exit(int); /* {Prog prexit} */ void pr_mask(const char *); /* {Prog prmask} */ Sigfunc *signal_intr(int, Sigfunc *); /* {Prog signal_intr_function} */ int tty_cbreak(int); /* {Prog raw} */ int tty_raw(int); /* {Prog raw} */ int tty_reset(int); /* {Prog raw} */ void tty_atexit(void); /* {Prog raw} */ #ifdef ECHO /* only if <termios.h> has been included */ struct termios *tty_termios(void); /* {Prog raw} */ #endif void sleep_us(unsigned int); /* {Ex sleepus} */ ssize_t readn(int, void *, size_t); /* {Prog readn_writen} */ ssize_t writen(int, const void *, size_t); /* {Prog readn_writen} */ void daemonize(const char *); /* {Prog daemoninit} */ int s_pipe(int *); /* {Progs streams_spipe sock_spipe} */ int recv_fd(int, ssize_t (*func)(int, const void *, size_t));/* {Progs recvfd_streams recvfd_sockets} */ int send_fd(int, int); /* {Progs sendfd_streams sendfd_sockets} */ int send_err(int, int, const char *); /* {Prog senderr} */ int serv_listen(const char *); /* {Progs servlisten_streams servlisten_sockets} */ int serv_accept(int, uid_t *); /* {Progs servaccept_streams servaccept_sockets} */ int cli_conn(const char *); /* {Progs cliconn_streams cliconn_sockets} */ int buf_args(char *, int (*func)(int, char **)); /* {Prog bufargs} */ int ptym_open(char *, int); /* {Progs3 ptyopen_streams ptyopen_bsd ptyopen_linux} */ int ptys_open(char *); /* {Progs3 ptyopen_streams ptyopen_bsd ptyopen_linux} */ #ifdef TIOCGWINSZ pid_t pty_fork(int *, char *, int, const struct termios *, const struct winsize *); /* {Prog ptyfork} */ #endif int lock_reg(int, int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* {Prog lockreg} */ #define read_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \ lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) #define readw_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \ lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) #define write_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \ lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) #define writew_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \ lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) #define un_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \ lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) pid_t lock_test(int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* {Prog locktest} */ #define is_read_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \ (lock_test((fd), F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0) #define is_write_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \ (lock_test((fd), F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0) void err_dump(const char *, ...); /* {App misc_source} */ void err_msg(const char *, ...); void err_quit(const char *, ...); void err_exit(int, const char *, ...); void err_ret(const char *, ...); void err_sys(const char *, ...); void log_msg(const char *, ...); /* {App misc_source} */ void log_open(const char *, int, int); void log_quit(const char *, ...); void log_ret(const char *, ...); void log_sys(const char *, ...); void TELL_WAIT(void); /* parent/child from {Sec race_conditions} */ void TELL_PARENT(pid_t); void TELL_CHILD(pid_t); void WAIT_PARENT(void); void WAIT_CHILD(void); #endif /* _APUE_H */
之后在你的工作目录下新建一个apue目录,将apue.h移动到当前目录下。以后就在这个文件目录下开发即可,系统就会自动找到<apue.h文件了。最终结果如下图所示: