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perl require @INC

2018年03月29日 ⁄ 综合 ⁄ 共 3364字 ⁄ 字号 评论关闭

perl的包含文件
require ("myfile.pl");

基本的包含文件全过程

  • 建立一个include文件,就按整个的perl script文件格式建立,文件中写sub
[macg@localhost perltest]$ vi file1.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl

sub gotest{
my(@tmp)=@_;

open (MYFILE, $tmp[0]) || die ("Could not open file");
my($line,$newline);
while ($line=<MYFILE>) {
$line=~ tr/a-zA-Z//s;
  print "good \n";
  print "\$line is :$line";
  print "\$\& is : $&", "\n";
  }

close(MYFILE);
   

  • 主perl文件require上边的包含文件,引用定义在包含文件中的sub
[macg@localhost perltest]$ vi tip.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl

require ("file1.pl");

$file="/home/macg/perltest/gogo";
&gotest($file);

@arrary=qw(a b cc dd);
$pointer = \@arrary;
for($i=0;$i<4;$i++) {
   print "$i : $pointer->[$i] \n";  }

[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
file1.pl did not return a true value at ./tip.pl line 3.

   

上面哪里错了? 包含文件,必须return一个1

[macg@localhost perltest]$ vi file1.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl

sub gotest{
my(@tmp)=@_;

open (MYFILE, $tmp[0]) || die ("Could not open file");
my($line,$newline);
while ($line=<MYFILE>) {
$line=~ tr/a-zA-Z//s;
  print "good \n";
  print "\$line is :$line";
  print "\$\& is : $&", "\n";
  }

close(MYFILE);
}

1;   

[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
good
$line is :I WANTWANT TO go to NY. And I also wWant to be DC.



    require; 不指定文件名
变量$_的值即作为文件名传递给require
 

    require ("testdir/file1.pl");   允许带路径名

#!/usr/bin/perl

require ("testdir/file1.pl");

$file="/home/macg/perltest/gogo";
&gotest($file);
 

[macg@localhost perltest]$ ls -F
file1.pl  gogo  newdir/  newtest  test  testdir/  tip.pl*
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ls testdir
file1.pl  test1

[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
good
$line is :I WANTWANT TO go to NY. And I also wWant to be DC



不用全路径名,而require文件又不在当前路径下,怎么办?  ----@INC

[macg@localhost perltest]$ vi tip.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl

require ("file1.pl");

$file="/home/macg/perltest/gogo";
&gotest($file);

[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
Can't locate file1.pl in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.4/i386-linux-thread-multi
at ./tip.pl line 3.

把file1.pl所在目录放入@INC系统变量中

[macg@localhost perltest]$ vi tip.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl

unshift (@INC, "/home/macg/perltest/testdir");
require ("file1.pl");

$file="/home/macg/perltest/gogo";
&gotest($file);

[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
good
$line is :I WANTWANT TO go to NY. And I also wWant to be DC



@INC

[macg@localhost perltest]$ vi tip.pl

@arraytest=qq(hello "test" world);
#!/usr/bin/perl
foreach  (@INC) {
 print $_,"\n";
}

[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.6
/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.5
/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.4
/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.3
/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.6
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.5
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.4
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.3
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6



修改@INC

[macg@localhost perltest]$ vi tip.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl
$path1="/home/macg";
$path2="/home/macg/www";
push(@INC,$path1);      放尾部
unshift(@INC,$path2);  放头部
foreach  (@INC) {
 print $_,"\n";

[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
/home/macg/www
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.6
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.5
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.4
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.3
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6
.
/home/macg 

  

push 或unshift @INC只对当前文件执行时刻有效,没有global效果。

以下为我自己根据项目中实践结果添加。

perl参数-I可以加入模块路径,如文件test.pl内容如下:

#! /usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;
use Data::Dumper;

print "hello world!\n";

如果perl默认模块目录中没有strict模块或者Data::Dumper模块,则直接调用perl ./test.pl可能会报错,@INC中目录里可能没有此处调用的模块。

但如果目录/home/usr_name/lib_test中有这两个模块,我们可以这样调用:perl -I/home/usr_name/lib_test ./test.pl就可以成功。


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