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1、假设你已经有了自己的SQLiteOpenHelper实例
public class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { ... }
2、现在你需要在不同的线程中写数据库
// Thread 1 Context context = getApplicationContext(); DatabaseHelper helper = new DatabaseHelper(context); SQLiteDatabase database = helper.getWritableDatabase(); database.insert(…); database.close(); // Thread 2 Context context = getApplicationContext(); DatabaseHelper helper = new DatabaseHelper(context); SQLiteDatabase database = helper.getWritableDatabase(); database.insert(…); database.close();
执行后,得到错误
android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabaseLockedException: database is locked (code 5)
错误的原因:每次new SQLiteOpenHelper的时候,实质上是创建一个Database Connection。如果在不同的Connection同时写数据库,其中一个就会Failed。
如果在多个线程中使用数据库,需要确保使用同一个Database Connection。
3、为了解决第二个问题,我们去创建一个DatabaseManager类,通过单例去获取SQLiteOpenHelper的对象。
public class DatabaseManager { private static DatabaseManager instance; private static SQLiteOpenHelper mDatabaseHelper; public static synchronized void initialize(Context context, SQLiteOpenHelper helper) { if (instance == null) { instance = new DatabaseManager(); mDatabaseHelper = helper; } } public static synchronized DatabaseManager getInstance() { if (instance == null) { throw new IllegalStateException(DatabaseManager.class.getSimpleName() + " is not initialized, call initialize(..) method first."); } return instance; } public synchronized SQLiteDatabase getDatabase() { return new mDatabaseHelper.getWritableDatabase(); } }
4、那么现在第二步中的功能,应该这样去实现
// In your application class DatabaseManager.initializeInstance(getApplicationContext()); // Thread 1 DatabaseManager manager = DatabaseManager.getInstance(); SQLiteDatabase database = manager.getDatabase() database.insert(…); database.close(); // Thread 2 DatabaseManager manager = DatabaseManager.getInstance(); SQLiteDatabase database = manager.getDatabase() database.insert(…); database.close();
执行后,得到错误
java.lang.IllegalStateException: attempt to re-open an already-closed object: SQLiteDatabase
因为我们使用同一个Database Connection,所以Thread1和Thread2使用的是同一个实例。现在Thread1关闭了Connection,但是Thread2却仍然在用。
所以,我们在关闭Connection之前需要确保没有线程在使用这个Connection。一个解决方案是永远的不去关闭Connection,但是在Logcat里面会出现如下的消息:
Leak found Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: SQLiteDatabase created and never closed
5、我们可以使用AtomicInteger处理这种并发操作
public class DatabaseManager { private AtomicInteger mOpenCounter = new AtomicInteger(); private static DatabaseManager instance; private static SQLiteOpenHelper mDatabaseHelper; private SQLiteDatabase mDatabase; public static synchronized void initializeInstance(SQLiteOpenHelper helper) { if (instance == null) { instance = new DatabaseManager(); mDatabaseHelper = helper; } } public static synchronized DatabaseManager getInstance() { if (instance == null) { throw new IllegalStateException(DatabaseManager.class.getSimpleName() + " is not initialized, call initializeInstance(..) method first."); } return instance; } public synchronized SQLiteDatabase openDatabase() { if(mOpenCounter.incrementAndGet() == 1) { // Opening new database mDatabase = mDatabaseHelper.getWritableDatabase(); } return mDatabase; } public synchronized void closeDatabase() { if(mOpenCounter.decrementAndGet() == 0) { // Closing database mDatabase.close(); } } }
最后,我们这样使用就可以实现安全的数据库并发操作
SQLiteDatabase database = DatabaseManager.getInstance().openDatabase(); database.insert(...); // database.close(); Don't close it directly! DatabaseManager.getInstance().closeDatabase(); // correct way