Name
:changtiger
Date :2008-11-03
Email :o52tiger@yahoo.com.cn
********************************************************
Linux / Unix talk command
About talk
Talk with other logged in users.
Syntax
talk person
[ttyname]
| person | If you wish to talk to someone on your own machine, then person is just the person's login name. If you wish to talk to a user on another host, then person is of the form 'user@host'. |
| ttyname | If you wish to talk to a user who is logged in more than once, the ttyname argument may be used to indicate the appropriate terminal name, where ttyname is of the form 'ttyXX' or 'pts/X'. |
Examples
talk hope
Typing the above command would start a talking session with the user hope.
********************************************************
ifconfig
command
Examples
ifconfig eth0
View the network settings on the first Ethernet
adapter installed in the computer.
ifconfig -a
Display into on all network interfaces on
server, active or inactive.
ifconfig eth0 down
If eth0 exists would take it down causing it
cannot send or receive any information.
ifconfig eth0 up
If eth0 exists and in the down state would
return it back to the up state allowing to to send and receive information.
ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.102 netmask
255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
Assign eth0 with the above values for IP, netmask
and broadcast address.
********************************************************
设置环境变量
(这是修改环境变量的一般步骤)
在主目录下使用以下命令
ls -a
查看文件
可以看到隐藏文件.bash_profile
该文件用来存储环境变量
对该文件进行编辑可以使用vi，kate等编辑工具
vi .bash_profile
修改
path=$PATH:/SFDS:.
继续修改该文件 PATH=$PATH:/SFDS:/sbin:.
这个是用:区分的，只需要将你要要执行的命令所在的文件夹的地址添加在这里，当执行命令的时候它会依次在这里记录的目录里面查找。.表示当前目录。$PATH就是对全局变量的引用。
source .bash_profile
执行给文件（由于该文件是一个shell文件，在编辑后续重新执行一次 ，
可以减产文件是否改的正确）
当机器注销一次后才可以在全局产生作用，在原来执行的终端中执行了，会只在该终端中产生作用。
********************************************************
系统环境变量的设置：
在/etc/profile文件
文件内容如下
bash-2.05$ cat profile
#ident "@(#)profile 1.19
01/03/13 SMI" /* SVr4.0 1.3 */
# The profile that all logins get
before using their own .profile.
trap "" 2 3
export LOGNAME PATH
if [ "$TERM" = "" ]
then
if /bin/i386
then
TERM=sun-color
else
TERM=sun
fi
export TERM
fi
# Login and -su shells get
/etc/profile services.
# -rsh is given its environment
in its .profile.
case "$0" in
-sh | -ksh | -jsh | -bash)
if [ ! -f .hushlogin
]
then
/usr/sbin/quota
# Allow the user
to break the Message-Of-The-Day only.
trap "trap '' 2"
2
/bin/cat -s
/etc/motd
trap "" 2
/bin/mail -E
case $? in
0)
echo "You have
new mail."
;;
2)
echo "You have
mail."
;;
esac
fi
esac
umask 022
trap 2 3
CC=/usr/local/bin/gcc; export
CC
CCC=/usr/local/bin/g++; export
CCC
ORACLE_BASE=/export/home/oracle9;
export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/export/home/oracle9/product/9.2.0;
export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=tarena; export
ORACLE_SID
ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data;
export ORA_NLS33
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib32:/usr/lib;
export LD_LIBRARY_PA
TH
NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK;
export NLS_LANG
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/ucb:/etc:/usr
/openwin/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:.
bash-2.05$
********************************************************
Find Things On Unix
users :Display a compact list
of users logged in
who :Display information about all users currently
logged on
who am i :the whow am i command displays information about yours
real user ID
whoam i :the whoami command displays only the login name of
the effective user
find :Find files based on specific criteria, then
execute a mcommand on the matching files
find / -name perl
从跟目录开始查找
find ~/ -name perl 根据名字来查找
find ~/ -mtime 10 -print
根据修改时间来找 并打印出来
find ~/ -atime 2 ReadMe.txt
-atime n True if
the file was accessed n days ago. The access time of directories in path is
changed by find itself.
find /export/home -type f -atime +365 -exec rm {}
/;
find ~ find.txt 在当前目录下查找find.txt文件。
grep
grep
root /etc/passwd
ls -a | grep -i 'sep 1'
将由ls -a 查找的的文件名字
传递给grep在其中查找含有字符串'sep 1'的文件名
bash-2.05$ ls -al | grep -i 'Find'
-i 表示要忽略大小写
-rw-r--r-- 1 changhu other 17780 11月 3 20:12
Find.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 changhu other 17780 11月 3 19:59
find.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 changhu other 17780 11月 3 19:52
find_man.txt
bash-2.05$ ls -al | grep -i 'find'
-rw-r--r-- 1 changhu other 17780 11月 3 19:59 find.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 changhu other 17780 11月 3 19:52 find_man.txt
bash-2.05$ ls -al | grep -i 'find_'
-rw-r--r-- 1 changhu other
17780 11月 3 19:52 find_man.txt
grep -i 'find' *.txt
在所有的txt文件中查找字符串'find'
ls find* |xargs grep 'find .'
先列出find*，xargs表示讲得到的每一个条信息作为一个参数 ，给grep使用。
wc
统计文件的行数，单词书，字符数。
bash-2.05$ wc -l find.txt
594 find.txt
du
查看磁盘使用情况。
du -sk *
********************************************************
ps
查看当前机子上运行的进程
ps -ef 列出所有的进程的详细信息。
bash-2.05$ ps -ef | grep java
查看含字符java 的进程
changhu 6825 4003 0 20:28:31
pts/34 0:00 grep java
kill
kill -9 6992 关闭ID
为6992的进程。
sleep
sleep 300 &
&表示将此进程放在后台进行。
jobs
Display which jobs are currently
running
显示当前正在运行的进程
bg %n
place a job in the
background
将一个进程放在后台运行
fg %n
place a job in the
foreground
将一个进程放在前台运行
pkill
pkill sleep 按照名字关闭进程，关闭 sleep
进程,sleep为进程名
********************************************************