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线程池实例:使用Executors和ThreadPoolExecutor

2018年04月12日 ⁄ 综合 ⁄ 共 7224字 ⁄ 字号 评论关闭

本文转自:http://www.importnew.com/8542.html

线程池负责管理工作线程,包含一个等待执行的任务队列。线程池的任务队列是一个Runnable集合,工作线程负责从任务队列中取出并执行Runnable对象。

java.util.concurrent.executors 提供了 java.util.concurrent.executor 接口的一个Java实现,可以创建线程池。下面是一个简单示例:

首先创建一个Runable 类:

WorkerThread.java

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package

com.journaldev.threadpool;
 
public

class

WorkerThread
implements

Runnable {
 
    private

String command;
 
    public

WorkerThread(String s){
        this.command=s;
    }
 
    @Override
    public

void

run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"
Start. Command = "
+command);
        processCommand();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"
End."
);
    }
 
    private

void

processCommand() {
        try

{
            Thread.sleep(5000);
        }
catch

(InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    @Override
    public

String toString(){
        return

this
.command;
    }
}

下面是一个测试程序,从 Executors 框架中创建固定大小的线程池:

SimpleThreadPool.java

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package

com.journaldev.threadpool;
 
import

java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import

java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 
public

class

SimpleThreadPool {
 
    public

static

void

main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService
executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(
5);
        for

(
int

i =
0;
i <
10;
i++) {
            Runnable
worker =
new

WorkerThread(
""

+ i);
            executor.execute(worker);
          }
        executor.shutdown();
        while

(!executor.isTerminated()) {
        }
        System.out.println("Finished
all threads"
);
    }
 
}

在上面的程序中,我们创建了包含5个工作线程的固定大小线程池。然后,我们向线程池提交10个任务。由于线程池的大小是5,因此首先会启动5个工作线程,其他任务将进行等待。一旦有任务结束,工作线程会从等待队列中挑选下一个任务并开始执行。

以上程序的输出结果如下:

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pool-1-thread-2

Start. Command =
1
pool-1-thread-4

Start. Command =
3
pool-1-thread-1

Start. Command =
0
pool-1-thread-3

Start. Command =
2
pool-1-thread-5

Start. Command =
4
pool-1-thread-4

End.
pool-1-thread-5

End.
pool-1-thread-1

End.
pool-1-thread-3

End.
pool-1-thread-3

Start. Command =
8
pool-1-thread-2

End.
pool-1-thread-2

Start. Command =
9
pool-1-thread-1

Start. Command =
7
pool-1-thread-5

Start. Command =
6
pool-1-thread-4

Start. Command =
5
pool-1-thread-2

End.
pool-1-thread-4

End.
pool-1-thread-3

End.
pool-1-thread-5

End.
pool-1-thread-1

End.
Finished
all threads

从输出结果看,线程池中有五个名为“pool-1-thread-1”…“pool-1-thread-5”的工作线程负责执行提交的任务。

Executors 类使用 ExecutorService  提供了一个 ThreadPoolExecutor 的简单实现,但
ThreadPoolExecutor 提供的功能远不止这些。我们可以指定创建 ThreadPoolExecutor 实例时活跃的线程数,并且可以限制线程池的大小,还可以创建自己的 RejectedExecutionHandler 实现来处理不适合放在工作队列里的任务。

下面是一个 RejectedExecutionHandler 接口的自定义实现:

RejectedExecutionHandlerImpl.java

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package

com.journaldev.threadpool;
 
import

java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionHandler;
import

java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
 
public

class

RejectedExecutionHandlerImpl
implements

RejectedExecutionHandler {
 
    @Override
    public

void

rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
        System.out.println(r.toString()
+
"
is rejected"
);
    }
 
}

ThreadPoolExecutor 提供了一些方法,可以查看执行状态、线程池大小、活动线程数和任务数。所以,我通过一个监视线程在固定间隔输出执行信息。

MyMonitorThread.java

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package

com.journaldev.threadpool;
 
import

java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
 
public

class

MyMonitorThread
implements

Runnable
{
    private

ThreadPoolExecutor executor;
 
    private

int

seconds;
 
    private

boolean

run=
true;
 
    public

MyMonitorThread(ThreadPoolExecutor executor,
int

delay)
    {
        this.executor
= executor;
        this.seconds=delay;
    }
 
    public

void

shutdown(){
        this.run=false;
    }
 
    @Override
    public

void

run()
    {
        while(run){
                System.out.println(
                    String.format("[monitor]
[%d/%d] Active: %d, Completed: %d, Task: %d, isShutdown: %s, isTerminated: %s"
,
                        this.executor.getPoolSize(),
                        this.executor.getCorePoolSize(),
                        this.executor.getActiveCount(),
                        this.executor.getCompletedTaskCount(),
                        this.executor.getTaskCount(),
                        this.executor.isShutdown(),
                        this.executor.isTerminated()));
                try

{
                    Thread.sleep(seconds*1000);
                }
catch

(InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
        }
 
    }
}

下面是使用 ThreadPoolExecutor 的线程池实现示例:

WorkerPool.java

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package

com.journaldev.threadpool;
 
import

java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import

java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import

java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
import

java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import

java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
public

class

WorkerPool {
 
    public

static

void

main(String args[])
throws

InterruptedException{
        //RejectedExecutionHandler
implementation
        RejectedExecutionHandlerImpl
rejectionHandler =
new

RejectedExecutionHandlerImpl();
        //Get
the ThreadFactory implementation to use
        ThreadFactory
threadFactory = Executors.defaultThreadFactory();
        //creating
the ThreadPoolExecutor
        ThreadPoolExecutor
executorPool =
new

ThreadPoolExecutor(
2,
4,
10,
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new

ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(
2),
threadFactory, rejectionHandler);
        //start
the monitoring thread
        MyMonitorThread
monitor =
new

MyMonitorThread(executorPool,
3);
        Thread
monitorThread =
new

Thread(monitor);
        monitorThread.start();
        //submit
work to the thread pool
        for(int

i=
0;
i<
10;
i++){
            executorPool.execute(new

WorkerThread(
"cmd"+i));
        }
 
        Thread.sleep(30000);
        //shut
down the pool
        executorPool.shutdown();
        //shut
down the monitor thread
        Thread.sleep(5000);
        monitor.shutdown();
 
    }
}

请注意:在初始化 ThreadPoolExecutor 时,初始线程池大小设为2、最大值设为4、工作队列大小设为2。所以,如果当前有4个任务正在运行而此时又有新任务提交,工作队列将只存储2个任务和其他任务将交由RejectedExecutionHandlerImpl 处理。

程序执行的结果如下,确认了上面的结论:

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pool-1-thread-1
Start. Command = cmd0
pool-1-thread-4
Start. Command = cmd5
cmd6
is rejected
pool-1-thread-3
Start. Command = cmd4
pool-1-thread-2
Start. Command = cmd1
cmd7
is rejected
cmd8
is rejected
cmd9
is rejected
[monitor]
[0
/2]
Active: 4, Completed: 0, Task: 6, isShutdown:
false,
isTerminated:
false
[monitor]
[4
/2]
Active: 4, Completed: 0, Task: 6, isShutdown:
false,
isTerminated:
false
pool-1-thread-4
End.
pool-1-thread-1
End.
pool-1-thread-2
End.
pool-1-thread-3
End.
pool-1-thread-1
Start. Command = cmd3
pool-1-thread-4
Start. Command = cmd2
[monitor]
[4
/2]
Active: 2, Completed: 4, Task: 6, isShutdown:
false,
isTerminated:
false
[monitor]
[4
/2]
Active: 2, Completed: 4, Task: 6, isShutdown:
false,
isTerminated:
false
pool-1-thread-1
End.
pool-1-thread-4
End.
[monitor]
[4
/2]
Active: 0, Completed: 6, Task: 6, isShutdown:
false,
isTerminated:
false
[monitor]
[2
/2]
Active: 0, Completed: 6, Task: 6, isShutdown:
false,
isTerminated:
false
[monitor]
[2
/2]
Active: 0, Completed: 6, Task: 6, isShutdown:
false,
isTerminated:
false
[monitor]
[2
/2]
Active: 0, Completed: 6, Task: 6, isShutdown:
false,
isTerminated:
false
[monitor]
[2
/2]
Active: 0, Completed: 6, Task: 6, isShutdown:
false,
isTerminated:
false
[monitor]
[2
/2]
Active: 0, Completed: 6, Task: 6, isShutdown:
false,
isTerminated:
false
[monitor]
[0
/2]
Active: 0, Completed: 6, Task: 6, isShutdown:
true,
isTerminated:
true
[monitor]
[0
/2]
Active: 0, Completed: 6, Task: 6, isShutdown:
true,
isTerminated:
true

请注意活跃线程、已完成线程和任务完成总数的变化。我们可以调用 shutdown() 结束所有已提交任务并终止线程池。

如果希望延迟执行或定期运行任务,那么可以使用 ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor 类。要了解更多,请参见 Java
Schedule Thread Pool Executor

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