C++ new和delete重载
from1:http://blog.163.com/hbu_lijian/blog/static/126129153201211510361484/
from2:http://blog.csdn.net/baihacker/article/details/1711331
首先,new和delete是运算符,重载new和delete是可能的。这样做的原因是,有时希望使用某种特殊的动态内存分配方法。例如,可能有些分配子程序,他们的堆已耗尽,自动开始把一个磁盘文件当虚存储使用,或者用户希望控制某一片存储空间的分配等。
重载new和delete的格式如下:
void *operator new (size_t size) { .......//完成分配工作 return pointer_to_memory; } void operator delete(void *p) { ......//释放由p指向的存储空间 }
1.局部重载new和delete(可以使用成员函数和友元函数两种方式重载)
使用new分配某个重载了new的累的对象空间时,先调用new的重载函数,再调用该类的构造函数,如果该类的构造函数有参数要求,则必须给出对应的实参。
使用了delete释放某个重载了delete的累的对象空间时,先调用类的析构函数,然后再调用重载的delete函数。
#include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> using namespace std; class three_d { private: int x,y,z; public: three_d(int a,int b,int c); ~three_d() { cout << "Destructing\n"; } void *operator new(size_t size); void operator delete(void *p); friend ostream & operator <<(ostream &stream,three_d obj); }; three_d::three_d(int a,int b,int c) { cout << "Constructing\n"; x = a; y = b; z = c; } void *three_d::operator new(size_t size) { cout << "in threee_d new\n"; return malloc(size); } void three_d::operator delete(void *p) { cout << "in three_d delete\n" ; free(p); } ostream &operator <<(ostream &os,three_d obj) { os << obj.x << ","; os << obj.y << ","; os << obj.z << "\n"; return os; } int main(int argc,char *argv[]) { three_d *p = new three_d(1,2,3); three_d *p1 = new three_d(4,5,6); if(!p || !p1) { cout << "Allocation failure" << endl; return 1; } cout << *p << *p1; delete p; delete p1; int *pnum; pnum = new int; *pnum = 0; cout << "num = " << *pnum << endl; delete pnum; cout << "Application Run Successfully!" << endl; return 0; }
2.全局重载new和delete
可以在任何类说明之外重在new和delete,使它们成为全局的。当new和delete被重载为全局时,C++原来的new与delete被忽略,并且重载的运算符用于所有类型(包括标准型和用户定义类型)的分配要求。
#include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> using namespace std; class three_d { private: int x,y,z; public: three_d(int a,int b,int c); ~three_d() { cout << "Destructing\n"; } friend ostream & operator <<(ostream &stream,three_d obj); }; three_d::three_d(int a,int b,int c) { cout << "Constructing\n"; x = a; y = b; z = c; } void *operator new(size_t size) { cout << "in threee_d new\n"; return malloc(size); } void operator delete(void *p) { cout << "in three_d delete\n" ; free(p); } ostream &operator <<(ostream &os,three_d obj) { os << obj.x << ","; os << obj.y << ","; os << obj.z << "\n"; return os; } int main(int argc,char *argv[]) { three_d *p = new three_d(1,2,3); three_d *p1 = new three_d(4,5,6); if(!p || !p1) { cout << "Allocation failure" << endl; return 1; } cout << *p << *p1; delete p; delete p1; int *pnum; pnum = new int; *pnum = 0; cout << "num = " << *pnum << endl; delete pnum; cout << "Application Run Successfully!" << endl; return 0; }