之前安装了Debian 7.0 Wheezy 64位，发现GNOME 3 无法启动，会使用gnome-classic来显示。另外一个问题就是鼠标总是闪烁，忽隐忽现。找了很久，找到鼠标闪烁是因为Intel的HD 4600核芯显卡驱动的问题，我的内核是3.2的，不支持，所以出现这个问题。
Solve the Intel Haswell HD4600 graphics card: use Jessie, forget Wheezy.
ref: http://forum.xbmc.org/showthread.php?tid=176561
找到问题，解决办法很简单，就是升级内核。首先想到的是编译一个新内核安装。找了一些资料后，发现编译内核需要1.5小时时间，很长。那就找一找Debian已经编译好的内核了。这就需要backports。
1. 配置bakcports源。
在/etc/apt/sources.list中增加这么一行：
# backport
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy-backports main non-free contrib
然后更新
># apt-get update
2. 安装内核
> sudo apt-get -t wheezy-backports install linux-image-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64
可能出现一点问题，不过应该不影响。
3. 更新grub
在/boot/grub/grub.cfg中查看是否已经有新内核3.14，有的话，就已经OK。否则，自己手动更新grub。
> sudo update-grub
OK.
reference:
[1] http://www.freeoa.net/osuport/botinstal/debian-backports_1783.html 设置backports
[2] http://www.cnblogs.com/coding-way/archive/2012/01/08/2316221.html 编译和安装内核
[3] http://www.tuicool.com/articles/zYNFva 编译内核
[4] http://blog.csdn.net/silvervi/article/details/6325698 解压内核源代码
[5] http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_648e58ab0100h949.html 设置backports
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> install linux-image-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64 的输出。
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
initramfs-tools
Suggested packages:
linux-doc-3.14 debian-kernel-handbook
The following NEW packages will be installed:
linux-image-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64
The following packages will be upgraded:
initramfs-tools
1 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 117 not upgraded.
Need to get 31.0 MB of archives.
After this operation, 146 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y
Get:1 http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ wheezy-backports/main initramfs-tools all 0.115~bpo70+1 [92.6 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ wheezy-backports/main linux-image-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64 amd64 3.14.4-1~bpo70+1 [30.9 MB]
Fetched 31.0 MB in 57s (535 kB/s)
Reading changelogs... Done
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 276816 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace initramfs-tools 0.109.1 (using .../initramfs-tools_0.115~bpo70+1_all.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement initramfs-tools ...
Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64.
Unpacking linux-image-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64 (from .../linux-image-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64_3.14.4-1~bpo70+1_amd64.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up initramfs-tools (0.115~bpo70+1) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Setting up linux-image-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64 (3.14.4-1~bpo70+1) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms:
Error! Your kernel headers for kernel 3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64 cannot be found.
Please install the linux-headers-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64 package,
or use the --kernelsourcedir option to tell DKMS where it's located
Error! Your kernel headers for kernel 3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64 cannot be found.
Please install the linux-headers-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64 package,
or use the --kernelsourcedir option to tell DKMS where it's located
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168g-3.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168g-2.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8106e-2.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8106e-1.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8411-2.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8411-1.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8402-1.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168f-2.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168f-1.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8105e-1.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168e-3.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168e-2.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168e-1.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168d-2.fw for module r8169
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8168d-1.fw for module r8169
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub:
Generating grub.cfg ...
Found background image: /usr/share/images/desktop-base/desktop-grub.png
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-amd64
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-4-amd64
No volume groups found
Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda1
done
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.14-0.bpo.1-amd64