关于MySQL-HA，目前有多种解决方案，比如heartbeat、drbd、mmm、共享存储，但是它们各有优缺点。下面学步园小编来讲解下MySQLmaster-master怎么配置?MySQkeepalived怎么安装及配置?
MySQLmaster-master怎么配置
1、修改MySQL配置文件
两台MySQL均如要开启binlog日志功能，开启方法：在MySQL配置文件[MySQLd]段中加上log-bin=MySQL-bin选项
两台MySQL的server-ID不能一样，默认情况下两台MySQL的serverID都是1，需将其中一台修改为2即可
2、将192.168.1.201设为192.168.1.202的主服务器
在192.168.1.201上新建授权用户
MySQL>grantreplicationslaveon*.*to'replication'@'%'identifiedby'replication';QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.00sec)MySQL>showmasterstatus;+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+|File|Position|Binlog_Do_DB|Binlog_Ignore_DB|+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+|MySQL-bin.000003|374|||+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+1rowinset(0.00sec)
在192.168.1.202上将192.168.1.201设为自己的主服务器
MySQL>changemastertomaster_host='192.168.1.201',master_user='replication',master_password='replication',master_log_file='MySQL-bin.000003',master_log_pos=374;QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.05sec)MySQL>startslave;QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.00sec)MySQL>showslavestatus\G***************************1.row***************************Slave_IO_State:WaitingformastertosendeventMaster_Host:192.168.1.201Master_User:replicationMaster_Port:3306Connect_Retry:60Master_Log_File:MySQL-bin.000003Read_Master_Log_Pos:374Relay_Log_File:MySQL-master2-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos:235Relay_Master_Log_File:MySQL-bin.000003Slave_IO_Running:YesSlave_SQL_Running:YesReplicate_Do_DB:Replicate_Ignore_DB:Replicate_Do_Table:Replicate_Ignore_Table:Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:Last_Errno:0Last_Error:Skip_Counter:0Exec_Master_Log_Pos:374Relay_Log_Space:235Until_Condition:NoneUntil_Log_File:Until_Log_Pos:0Master_SSL_Allowed:NoMaster_SSL_CA_File:Master_SSL_CA_Path:Master_SSL_Cert:Master_SSL_Cipher:Master_SSL_Key:Seconds_Behind_Master:01rowinset(0.00sec)
3、将192.168.1.202设为192.168.1.201的主服务器
在192.168.1.202上新建授权用户
MySQL>grantreplicationslaveon*.*to'replication'@'%'identifiedby'replication';QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.00sec)MySQL>showmasterstatus;+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+|File|Position|Binlog_Do_DB|Binlog_Ignore_DB|+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+|MySQL-bin.000003|374|||+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+1rowinset(0.00sec)
在192.168.1.201上，将192.168.1.202设为自己的主服务器
MySQL>changemastertomaster_host='192.168.1.202',master_user='replication',master_password='replication',master_log_file='MySQL-bin.000003',master_log_pos=374;QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.05sec)MySQL>startslave;QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.00sec)MySQL>showslavestatus\G***************************1.row***************************Slave_IO_State:WaitingformastertosendeventMaster_Host:192.168.1.202Master_User:replicationMaster_Port:3306Connect_Retry:60Master_Log_File:MySQL-bin.000003Read_Master_Log_Pos:374Relay_Log_File:MySQL-master1-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos:235Relay_Master_Log_File:MySQL-bin.000003Slave_IO_Running:YesSlave_SQL_Running:YesReplicate_Do_DB:Replicate_Ignore_DB:Replicate_Do_Table:Replicate_Ignore_Table:Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:Last_Errno:0Last_Error:Skip_Counter:0Exec_Master_Log_Pos:374Relay_Log_Space:235Until_Condition:NoneUntil_Log_File:Until_Log_Pos:0Master_SSL_Allowed:NoMaster_SSL_CA_File:Master_SSL_CA_Path:Master_SSL_Cert:Master_SSL_Cipher:Master_SSL_Key:Seconds_Behind_Master:01rowinset(0.00sec)
4、MySQL同步测试
如上述均正确配置，现在任何一台MySQL上更新数据都会同步到另一台MySQL，MySQL同步在此不再演示。
keepalived怎么安装及配置
1、192.168.1.201服务器上keepalived安装及配置
安装keepalived
#tarzxvfkeepalived-1.1.20.tar.gz#cdkeepalived-1.1.20#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/keepalived--with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-164.el5-i686#make&&makeinstall
配置keepalived
我们自己在新建一个配置文件，默认情况下keepalived启动时会去/etc/keepalived目录下找配置文件
#mkdir/etc/keepalived#vi/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf!ConfigurationFileforkeepalivedglobal_defs{notification_email{luwenju@live.cn}notification_email_fromluwenju@live.cnsmtp_server127.0.0.1smtp_connect_timeout30router_idMySQL-ha}vrrp_instanceVI_1{stateBACKUP#两台配置此处均是BACKUPinterfaceeth0virtual_router_id51priority100#优先级，另一台改为90advert_int1nopreempt#不抢占，只在优先级高的机器上设置即可，优先级低的机器不设置authentication{auth_typePASSauth_pass1111}virtual_ipaddress{192.168.1.200}}virtual_server192.168.1.2003306{delay_loop2#每个2秒检查一次real_server状态lb_algowrr#LVS算法lb_kindDR#LVS模式persistence_timeout60#会话保持时间protocolTCPreal_server192.168.1.2013306{weight3notify_down/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh#检测到服务down后执行的脚本TCP_CHECK{connect_timeout10#连接超时时间nb_get_retry3#重连次数delay_before_retry3#重连间隔时间connect_port3306#健康检查端口}}
编写检测服务down后所要执行的脚本
#vi/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh#!/bin/shpkillkeepalived#chmod+x/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh
注：此脚本是上面配置文件notify_down选项所用到的，keepalived使用notify_down选项来检查real_server的服务状态，当发现real_server服务故障时，便触发此脚本;我们看到的是，脚本就一个命令，通过pkillkeepalived强制杀死keepalived进程，从而实现了MySQL故障自动转移。另外，我们不用担心两个MySQL会同时提供数据更新操作，因为每台MySQL上的keepalived的配置里面只有本机MySQL的IP+VIP，而不是两台MySQL的IP+VIP
启动keepalived
#/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived–D#ps-aux|grepkeepalived
测试
找一台局域网PC，然后去pingMySQL的VIP，这时候MySQL的VIP是可以ping的通的
停止MySQL服务，看keepalived健康检查程序是否会触发我们编写的脚本
2、192.168.1.202上keepalived安装及配置
安装keepalived
#tarzxvfkeepalived-1.1.20.tar.gz#cdkeepalived-1.1.20#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/keepalived--with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-164.el5-i686#make&&makeinstall
配置keepalived
这台配置和上面基本一样，但有三个地方不同：优先级为90、无抢占设置、real_server为本机IP
#mkdir/etc/keepalived#vi/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf!ConfigurationFileforkeepalivedglobal_defs{notification_email{luwenju@live.cn}notification_email_fromluwenju@live.cnsmtp_server127.0.0.1smtp_connect_timeout30router_idMySQL-ha}vrrp_instanceVI_1{stateBACKUPinterfaceeth0virtual_router_id51priority90advert_int1authentication{auth_typePASSauth_pass1111}virtual_ipaddress{192.168.1.200}}virtual_server192.168.1.2003306{delay_loop2lb_algowrrlb_kindDRpersistence_timeout60protocolTCPreal_server192.168.1.2023306{weight3notify_down/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.shTCP_CHECK{connect_timeout10nb_get_retry3delay_before_retry3connect_port3306}}
编写检测服务down后所要执行的脚本
#vi/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh#!/bin/shpkillkeepalived#chmod+x/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh启动keepalived#/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived–D#ps-aux|grepkeepalived
测试
停止MySQL服务，看keepalived健康检查程序是否会触发我们编写的脚本
三、测试
MySQL远程登录测试
我们找一台安装有MySQL客户端的windows，然后登录VIP，看是否能登录，在登录之两台MySQL服务器都要授权允许从远程登录
MySQL>grantallprivilegeson*.*to'root'@'%'identifiedby'123456';QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.00sec)MySQL>flushprivileges;QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.00sec)
使用客户端登录VIP测试
C:\MySQL\bin>MySQL.exe-uroot-p123456-h192.168.1.200-P3306WelcometotheMySQLmonitor.Commandsendwith;or\g.YourMySQLconnectionidis224Serverversion:5.0.89-logSourcedistributionType'help;'or'\h'forhelp.Type'\c'toclearthecurrentinputstatement.MySQL>
●keepalived故障转移测试
※在windows客户端一直去pingVIP，然后关闭192.168.1.201上的keepalived，正常情况下VIP就会切换到192.168.1.202上面去
※开启192.168.1.201上的keepalived，关闭192.168.1.202上的keepalived，看是否能自动切换，正常情况下VIP又会属于192.168.1.201
注：keepalived切换速度还是非常块的，整个切换过程只需1-3秒
●MySQL故障转移测试
※在192.168.1.201上关闭MySQL服务，看VIP是否会切换到192.168.1.202上
※开启192.168.1.201上的MySQL和keepalived，然后关闭192.168.1.202上的MySQL，看VIP是否会切换到192.168.1.201上
下面是用windows客户端连接的MySQL的VIP，在切换时我执行了一个MySQL查询命令，从执行showdatabases到显示出结果时间为3-5秒(大家看到的是上面有个错误提示，不过不用担心，因为我们的keepalived切换大概为3秒左右，这3秒左右VIP是谁都不属于的)
MySQL>showdatabases;ERROR2006(HY000):MySQLserverhasgoneawayNoconnection.Tryingtoreconnect...Connectionid:592Currentdatabase:***NONE***+--------------------+|Database|+--------------------+|information_schema||MySQL||test|+--------------------+3rowsinset(9.01sec)
后话：世间万事万物，都不具备绝对的完美，就像上面的MySQL-HA一样，keepalived只能做到对3306的健康检查，但是做不到比如像MySQL复制中的slave-SQL、slave-IO进程的检查。所以要想做到一些细致的健康检查，还得需要借助额外的监控工具，比如nagios，然后用nagios实现短信、邮件报警，从而能够有效地解决问题。
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