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C#中运用AppDomain动态加载程序集详解

2012年01月22日 ⁄ 综合 ⁄ 共 8735字 ⁄ 字号 评论关闭

  在.net中有了一个AppDomain——应用程序域的新概念,.NET程序通过AppDomain这个媒介来运行在进程中。

  我们运行一个.NET应用程序或者一个运行库宿主时,OS会首先建立一个进程,然后会在进程中加载CLR(这个加载一般是通过调用_CorExeMain或者_CorBindToRuntimeEx方法来实现),在加载CLR时会创建一个默认的AppDomain,它是CLR的运行单元,程序的Main方法就是在这里执行,这个默认的AppDomain是唯一且不能被卸载的,当该进程消灭时,默认AppDomain才会随之消失。

  一个进程中可以有多个AppDomain,且它们直接是相互隔离的,我们的Assembly是不能单独执行的,它必须被加载到某个AppDomain中,要想卸载一个Assembly就只能卸载其AppDomain。

  一旦Assembly被调用,在调用之前会将程序集加载到默认AppDomain,然后执行,我们就会遇到这个问题:如果我需要做替换或者删除Assembly等这些操作的时候,由于Assembly已经被默认AppDomain加载,那么对它的更改肯定是不允许的,它会弹出这样的错误:

  

  除非你关掉作业管理服务器,然后再操作,显然这样做是很不合理的。

  并且默认AppDomain是不能被卸载的,那么我们该怎么办呢,我想到的方法是动态的加载Assembly,新建一个AppDomain,让Assembly加载到这个新AppDomain中然后执行,当执行完后卸载这个新的AppDomain即可。核心思想就是:如果程序集被加载到默认应用程序域中,则当进程运行时将无法从内存中卸载该程序集。但是,如果打开另一个应用程序域来加载和执行程序集,则卸载该应用程序域时也会同时卸载程序集。使用此技术最小化长时间运行的进程的工作集。,方法如下:
 

  1、创建程序集加载类AssemblyDynamicLoader,该类用来创建新的AppDomain,并生成用来执行.net程序的RemoteLoader类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
using Ark.Log;
///  
/// The local loader. 
///  
public class AssemblyDynamicLoader
{
    
///  
    
/// The log util. 
    
///  
    private static ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(AssemblyDynamicLoader));
    
///  
    
/// The new appdomain. 
    
///  
    private AppDomain appDomain;
    
///  
    
/// The remote loader. 
    
///  
    private RemoteLoader remoteLoader;
    
///  
    
/// Initializes a new instance of the  class. 
    
///  
    public AssemblyDynamicLoader()
    {
        AppDomainSetup setup 
= new AppDomainSetup();
        setup.ApplicationName 
= "ApplicationLoader";
        setup.ApplicationBase 
= AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory;
        setup.PrivateBinPath 
= Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory,            "private");
        setup.CachePath 
= setup.ApplicationBase;
        setup.ShadowCopyFiles 
= "true";
        setup.ShadowCopyDirectories 
= setup.ApplicationBase;
        
this.appDomain = AppDomain.CreateDomain("ApplicationLoaderDomain"null, setup);
        String name 
= Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().FullName;
        
this.remoteLoader =            (RemoteLoader)this.appDomain.CreateInstanceAndUnwrap(name,            typeof(RemoteLoader).FullName);
    }
    
///  
    
/// Invokes the method. 
    
///  
    
/// The full name. 
    
/// Name of the class. 
    
/// The args input. 
    
/// Name of the program. 
    
/// The output of excuting. 
    public String InvokeMethod(String fullName, String className,         String argsInput, String programName)
    {
        
this.remoteLoader.InvokeMethod(fullName, className, argsInput, programName);
        
return this.remoteLoader.Output;
    }
    
///  
    
/// Unloads this instance. 
    
///  
    public void Unload()
    {
        
try
        {
            AppDomain.Unload(
this.appDomain);
            
this.appDomain = null;
        }
        
catch (CannotUnloadAppDomainException ex)
        {
            log.Error(
"To unload assembly error!", ex);
        }
    }
}

:

  2、创建RemoteLoader类,它可以在AppDomain中自由穿越,这就需要继承System.MarshalByRefObject这个抽象类,这里RemoteLoader如果不继承MarshalByRefObject类则一定会报错(在不同AppDomain间传递对象,该对象必须是可序列化的)。以RemoteLoader类做为代理来调用待执行的.net程序。

 

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
///  
/// The Remote loader. 
///  
public class RemoteLoader : MarshalByRefObject
{
    
///  
    
/// The assembly we need. 
    
///  
    private Assembly assembly = null;
    
///  
    
/// The output. 
    
///  
    private String output = String.Empty;
    
///  
    
/// Gets the output. 
    
///  
    
/// The output. 
    public String Output
    {
        
get
        {
            
return this.output;
        }
    }
    
///  
    
/// Invokes the method. 
    
///  
    
/// The full name. 
    
/// Name of the class. 
    
/// The args input. 
    
/// Name of the program. 
    public void InvokeMethod(String fullName, String className,
        String argsInput, String programName)
    {
        
this.assembly = null;
        
this.output = String.Empty;
        
try
        {
            
this.assembly = Assembly.LoadFrom(fullName);
            Type pgmType 
= null;
            
if (this.assembly != null)
            {
                pgmType 
= this.assembly.GetType(className, truetrue);
            }
            
else
            {
                pgmType 
= Type.GetType(className, truetrue);
            }
            Object[] args 
= RunJob.GetArgs(argsInput);
            BindingFlags defaultBinding 
= BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly 
                
| BindingFlags.Public
            
| BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance 
            
| BindingFlags.IgnoreCase
            
| BindingFlags.InvokeMethod | BindingFlags.Static;
            CultureInfo cultureInfo 
= new CultureInfo("es-ES"false);
            
try
            {
                MethodInfo methisInfo 
= RunJob.GetItsMethodInfo(pgmType, 
                    defaultBinding, programName);
                
if (methisInfo == null)
                {
                    
this.output = "EMethod does not exist!";
                }
                
if (methisInfo.IsStatic)
                {
                    
if (methisInfo.GetParameters().Length == 0)
                    {
                        
if (methisInfo.ReturnType == typeof(void))
                        {
                            pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, defaultBinding,
                                
nullnullnull, cultureInfo);
                            
this.output = "STo call a method without return value successful.";
                        }
                        
else
                        {
                            
this.output = (String)pgmType.InvokeMember(programName,
                                defaultBinding, 
nullnullnull, cultureInfo);
                        }
                    }
                    
else
                    {
                        
if (methisInfo.ReturnType == typeof(void))
                        {
                            pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, defaultBinding,
                                
nullnull, args, cultureInfo);
                            
this.output = "STo call a method without return value successful.";
                        }
                        
else
                        {
                            
this.output = (String)pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, 
                                defaultBinding, 
nullnull, args, cultureInfo);
                        }
                    }
                }
                
else
                {
                    
if (methisInfo.GetParameters().Length == 0)
                    {
                        
object pgmClass = Activator.CreateInstance(pgmType);
                        
if (methisInfo.ReturnType == typeof(void))
                        {
                            pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, defaultBinding, 
                                
null, pgmClass, null, cultureInfo);
                            
this.output = "STo call a method without return value successful.";
                        }
                        
else
                        {
                            
this.output = (String)pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, 
                                defaultBinding, 
null, pgmClass, null, cultureInfo);   //'ymtpgm' is program's name and the return value of it must be started with 'O'. 
                        }
                    }
                    
else
                    {
                        
object pgmClass = Activator.CreateInstance(pgmType);
                        
if (methisInfo.ReturnType == typeof(void))
                        {
                            pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, defaultBinding, 
                                
null, pgmClass, args, cultureInfo);
                            
this.output = "STo call a method without return value successful.";
                        }
                        
else
                        {
                            
this.output = (String)pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, 
                                defaultBinding, 
null, pgmClass, args, cultureInfo);   //'ymtpgm' is program's name and the return value of it must be started with 'O'. 
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            
catch
            {
                
this.output = (String)pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, 
                    defaultBinding, 
nullnullnull, cultureInfo);
            }
        }
        
catch (Exception e)
        {
            
this.output = "E" + e.Message;
        }
    }
}

 

其中的InvokeMethod方法只要提供Assembly的全名、类的全名、待执行方法的输入参数和其全名就可以执行该方法,该方法可以是带参数或不带参数,静态的或者不是静态的。

  最后这样使用这两个类:

 

 

AssemblyDynamicLoader loader = new AssemblyDynamicLoader();

  String output = loader.InvokeMethod("fileName", "ymtcla", "yjoinp", "ymtpgm");

  loader.Unload();

 

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